九、詞句猜測代詞指代題,專題三第二節(jié)分類突破,感悟體會,名師點(diǎn)津,內(nèi)容索引,隨堂限時練,感悟體會,(2018常州期末) GPS technology is one of the latest and greatest developments within the munications world.Also known as a “global positioning system”，this technology works off of radio signals sent out by satellites in space.Since a cell phone already works like a two-way radio when municating with cell towers，the GPS capability simply extends the radio signal reach to space satellites.Phones equipped with full-featured capabilities work off of Java-based radio signals and have database access to their providers system for other data like mapping and voices.Location tracking，and giving directions to and from destinations are some of the more mon uses for this technology.,GPS navigational systems are supported by a network of 27 satellites.These satellites orbit the Earth in cyclic patterns 24 hours a day.At any given time，a minimum of four satellites signals is accessible to any one point on Earth.Whenever a receiver device is activated，radio waves with coded messages are sent out to it.This is how satellites know to start tracking the device.A receivers exact location is determined through a process called trilateration(三邊測量法) where three satellites work together to narrow down possible location points.A fourth satellite is needed if the receiver isnt on the ground and altitude is wanted as well.,Distance calculations are made based on how long it takes the radio signals to travel back and forth between receiver and satellites.The mapping capabilities are displayed on the phones screen via the cell providers database.,As a GPS device needs to do all kinds of calculations on different data from satellites and providers database，it consumes time.So it can take quite a few seconds for a regular GPS to work out a plan.An assisted GPS can help solve the problem.It is an improved technology that uses a cell networks Assistance Server which is connected to a reference network such as the Internet.Through the use of cell towers，a phone relays satellite signal information to the servers.These servers are able to process ining data at much higher rates than GPS receivers，so information is processed quicker，and is typically more accurate.,語篇解讀本文介紹了GPS技術(shù)是如何在手機(jī)中運(yùn)行的。,語篇解讀,1.What does the underlined word “their” refer to? A.Satellites. B.Phones. C.Signals. D.Capabilities.,解析代詞指代題。這個句子涉及到長難句的分析，equipped with.作為定語修飾phones，and連接兩個并列的謂語，一個是work off，一個是have，所以and 后面的句子其實(shí)是 phones have database access to their providers system.，即their指代“手機(jī)的”。,答案,解析,2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the information in the text? A.Phone GPS is a new technology unrelated to a cell phones original functions. B.A mobile phone works as a signal receiver and processor in phone GPS system. C.Each mobile phone is assigned four fixed satellites for their coded messages. D.Mapping capabilities and distance calculations are affected by the speed of radio signals.,答案,解析,解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句可知，手機(jī)在GPS系統(tǒng)中的作用為信號的接收者和加工者。故選B。,3.What do we know about the Assistance Server in the Assisted GPS? A.It can speed up calculating process of a regular GPS receiver. B.It is part of the cell network directly connected to the Internet and the phone. C.It has a better functioning performance in processing received radio signals. D.It helps the Assisted GPS to receive different data more accurately in bad conditions.,答案,解析,解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段前三句可知，GPS設(shè)備需要對來自衛(wèi)星和供應(yīng)商數(shù)據(jù)庫的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行各種計(jì)算，它需要耗費(fèi)時間，而輔助服務(wù)器幫助解決了這個問題，因此可以說它在處理接收到的信號這一功能上表現(xiàn)更好。,名師點(diǎn)津,一、題型解讀 代詞指代題常出現(xiàn)在人物或事物變換多，動作轉(zhuǎn)換頻繁的語境中，考生應(yīng)根據(jù)語境判斷人稱代詞、不定代詞和指示代詞。有時也會考查定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的指代內(nèi)容。設(shè)問形式常有： 1.What does the underlined word “this/it/them/which.” refer to? 2.The underlined part “it/that/they/which.”in Paragraph.refers to .,二、解題技巧“就近原則”判指代 第一步：明確代詞所指代內(nèi)容的位置 代詞永遠(yuǎn)出現(xiàn)在原詞之后，故代詞所指代的內(nèi)容在這一句的前面一句中，或者前幾句中。 第二步：熟悉代詞的含義 1.it/this/that可指代一件事。 2.it/he/them/they/one/those指上文提到的人或物。 3.which/that/who等關(guān)系代詞指代其所修飾的先行詞，非限制性定語從句中which可指代前面整句話的內(nèi)容。,第三步：替換核實(shí)再比較 1.用所找的指代內(nèi)容替換畫線代詞，核實(shí)句意是否合理，前后內(nèi)容是否一致。 2.比較所指代部分與選項(xiàng)，確定意思最接近的選項(xiàng)。 例如：【感悟體會】中1題，畫線單詞所在的句子為“Phones equipped with full-featured capabilities work off of Java-based radio signals and have database access to their providers.”可知整個句子的主語是Phones，故their就相當(dāng)于Phones。,隨堂限時練,A (2018河南新鄉(xiāng)二模) Throughout the past few years，I have tried to give myself to others.I have bounced around to find where I truly fit in.I found my place while I stayed in Guatemala，an orphanage(孤兒院)，with the children living there.Through hearing many stories of their lives，I was moved to tears and started to question my living ways and gave up everything that wasnt essential：7makeup and any other sort of luxury(奢侈品).I lived like they did.It was the most relaxing feeling in the world.,When at Nuestros Pequenos Hermanos，we were given the task of creating a pig 8pen.At first，I thought it should be easy.After arriving at the area where the pig pen should be，we saw a hill.We were told to 1uproot the weeds as well as level the entire area.Looking at it，we felt it would be impossible.On my own faith journey，I have felt this type of doubt before.The “hole”，as we referred to，is a symbol of my faith journey.It appeared to be an 2obstacle I could not overe，but in the end I pleted it with efforts.I feel this pig pen wasnt easy to create but was so rewarding to give.,Ive always struggled to be on a journey of faith，but Ive never pletely stepped foot onto the path until Guatemala.Ive always tried to open my heart to everyone around me and give them my love.I feel as though I cut open my heart and share every bit of love I had with these orphans.There is one orphan named Ceto who will always remain very close to my heart.In Guatemala，I sponsor with thirty dollars a month，but it doesnt seem enough.Ill return there next summer and give more of my love for a whole month.,When it was time to leave，I looked out of the window and saw not just ordinary children.Overall，the most significant acplishment I made in Guatemala was stepping towards my own faith journey and not looking back.,語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在危地馬拉期間，改變了自己的生活，從而改變了自己的人生。,語篇解讀,1.What resulted in the authors decision to live a new life? A.Desire to help others. B.Decrease in his ine. C.A knowledge of the orphans life. D.Awareness of the difficulty in his life.,解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三、四句可知，作者了解到孤兒的生活之后，決定改變自己的生活。故選C。,答案,解析,2.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A.Removing the doubt. B.Uprooting the weed. C.Starting the faith journey. D.Creating the pig pen.,答案,解析,解析代詞指代題。根據(jù)畫線詞后面的“I feel this pig pen wasnt easy to create but was so rewarding to give.”可以猜測出，it代指建造豬圈這件事。故選D。,3.What did the author think of his experience in Guatemala? A.It was regretful. B.It was meaningful. C.It was interesting. D.It was frightening.,解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Overall，the most significant acplishment I made in Guatemala was stepping towards my own faith journey and not looking back.”可以推斷出，作者認(rèn)為在危地馬拉的經(jīng)歷是有意義的。故選B。,答案,解析,4.What may be the best title for the text? A.A Step into a New WorldB.An Awful Faith Journey C.A Great Success in LifeD.A Return of Confidence,解析標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Overall，the most significant acplishment I made in Guatemala was stepping towards my own faith journey and not looking back.”可以推斷出，在危地馬拉期間，作者改變了自己的生活，從而改變了人生。故用A Step into a New World作為本文的標(biāo)題最佳。故選A。,答案,解析,B (2018內(nèi)蒙古包頭一模) Vinegar is great.It makes salad，fries and dumplings taste better，and you can even clean your windows with it.And now，according to scientists，it may even help the planets population survive climate change.Researchers from the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS) in Japan proved that.They found growing plants in vinegar makes them more resistant to droughts.This could mean that in the future，worries about climate change affecting the worlds supply of food will be much lower.,The discovery was made after the researchers studied the Arabidopsis，a plant known for its ability to survive in dry weather.It was found that when the plant was placed in drought-like conditions，it produced a chemical called acetate(醋酸鹽)the main 3ponent of vinegar. After discovering this，the scientists experimented further by adding acetate to the soil of other plants before they stopped giving them water pletely.After leaving the plants for 14 days，they found that the ones treated with acetate had survived，while the untreated plants had dried up and died.,Its hoped that this simple method of survival could soon be used to help farmers in dry countries keep their crops alive.“In the experiment，we targeted the 4staple foods of the worldrice，wheat and maize.and proved successful，” Jong Myong Kim，co-author of the study，told Popular Science magazine. Kim has already been in touch with people around the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost-effective method out for themselves from farmers to panies and 5amateur gardeners.“Now we are trying to cooperate with them to make a method to apply this system，and make the process as simple as possible，” he said.Hopefully this means the end of hunger caused by bad weather in the future.,語篇解讀,語篇解讀本文是一篇科普類文章。文章主要介紹了日本科學(xué)家們近期發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個有意思的現(xiàn)象：給植物加點(diǎn)“醋”，植物就能變得更耐旱,5.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A.Vinegar may help creatures survive bad weather. B.Vinegar is found in plants by Japanese scientists. C.Vinegar is very useful for cooking a good meal. D.Vinegar is mainly used by people to clean houses.,解析代詞指代題。根據(jù)畫線詞前一句“And now，according to scientists，it may even help the planets population survive climate change.”可以判斷出that指代的是醋可以幫助生物更好地適應(yīng)氣候的變化。故選A。,答案,解析,6.Scientists in Japan find from their studies that . A.the Arabidopsis could survive in dry weather because of the shape B.soil condition could be changed by pouring vinegar continually C.the acetate can be used by farmers to replace the soil D.the plants treated with acetate could survive dry conditions,解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“They found growing plants in vinegar makes them more resistant to droughts.”可知，在酸性環(huán)境下生長的植物更加耐旱。故選D。,答案,解析,7.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A.Its too difficult for farmers to accept the method. B.How to decrease the cost is the main issue. C.The method is 6promising especially in agriculture. D.Keeping plants alive means a lot for scientists.,解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段尤其是最后一句“Hopefully this means the end of hunger caused by bad weather in the future.”可以推斷出這種方法尤其在農(nóng)業(yè)上很有前景。故選C。,答案,解析,8.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A.Japanese Scientists Find a Plant B.Vinegar Could End Hunger C.Vinegar and Food D.Plants Need Water,解析標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)全文大意可知，科學(xué)家研究發(fā)現(xiàn)醋更能夠讓植物適應(yīng)各種惡劣氣候，提高糧食的產(chǎn)量，從而消除饑餓。所以用Vinegar Could End Hunger作為題目較為合適，故選B。,答案,解析,素材提煉再拓展,做完以上兩篇閱讀后，巧妙運(yùn)用語境，解決障礙詞和長難句,.障礙詞匯突破 (一)閱讀下列句子，并根據(jù)句意猜測畫線部分的意思 1.This morning when we were walking along the street and found many fallen trees which have been uprooted by the storm. _ 2.Most petition cars will only roll over if they hit an obstacle. 3.Hydrogen is a key ponent of fuel cells.,連根拔起；根除,障礙；障礙物,組成部分，成分,4.Wheat may be Pakistans staple food，and milky tea is the national drink. _ 5.At the time，I was playing as an amateur for Cambridge University against professional county teams. _ (二)同義詞語替換 6.Were trying to bring along several promising young football players. _,主要的,業(yè)余愛好者,hopeful,(三)一詞多義 7.makeup n.化妝品；組成 (1)Even the genetic makeup of the virus is under debate. _ (2)Normally she wore little makeup，but this evening was clearly an exception._ 8.pen v.撰寫；關(guān)(人或動物)；n.(臨時圈養(yǎng)牲畜的)圈；鋼筆 (1)The animals were penned up in cages. _ (2) I really intended to pen this letter to you early this morning. _ (3)Take a piece of paper and a pen and try to figure out how you know when your values are fulfilled._,組成,化妝品,關(guān)(人或動物),撰寫,鋼筆,(4)A pen is a small area with a fence around it in which farm animals are kept for a short time. _,(臨時圈養(yǎng)牲畜的)圈,.長難句理解 1.Through hearing many stories of their lives，I was moved to tears and started to question my living ways and gave up everything that wasnt essential：makeup and any other sort of luxury(奢侈品). 句式分析本句話是一個并列句，第一個and前的簡單句是 結(jié)構(gòu)；第二、三個and后的簡單句與前面的句子主語一致，故省略了主語I，且這兩個簡單句為 結(jié)構(gòu)；that wasnt essential：makeup and any other sort of luxury為 從句，修飾限定everything。,主系表,主謂賓,定語,精美譯文_ _ _,因?yàn)槁犃岁P(guān)于他們生活的很多故事，我感動得留下了眼淚，開始質(zhì)疑自己的生活方式并且放棄了所有不必要的東西：化妝品和其他的奢侈品。,2.After leaving the plants for 14 days，they found that the ones treated with acetate had survived，while the untreated plants had dried up and died. 句式分析本句話是一個并列句，由并列詞while構(gòu)成，前后表示對比關(guān)系。while前面的句子是 結(jié)構(gòu)，其賓語為賓語從句_ ，在賓語從句中treated with acetate作 ，修飾 ；while后面的句子是 結(jié)構(gòu)。 精美譯文_ _,主謂賓,that the ones,treated with acetate had survived,定語,the ones,主謂,丟下這些植物不管14天后，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那些加了醋酸鹽的植物活了下來，而未加醋酸鹽的植物都干死了。,