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1、第3講非謂語動(dòng)詞,專題一語法知識,,,真題診斷,,考點(diǎn)突破,專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練,內(nèi)容索引,真題診斷,1.Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period，________ the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.(2018江蘇，26) A.having exceeded B.to exceed C.exceeded D.exceeding,解析,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,解析句意為：在這段時(shí)期創(chuàng)造了大約13 500個(gè)新工作，超過了市場分析

2、師認(rèn)為的12 000個(gè)的預(yù)期數(shù)量。were created是謂語，因此exceed只能用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式作伴隨狀語。 A項(xiàng)having exceeded表示exceed的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在were created之前，不符合語境； B項(xiàng)to exceed不能作伴隨狀語； C項(xiàng)exceeded表示主語與exceed之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，也不符合語境。 故選D。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,2.________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.(2018北京，3) A.Travel

3、 B.Traveling C.Having traveled D.Traveled,解析,解析選項(xiàng)中只有B項(xiàng)能作句子的主語。如果動(dòng)詞作句子的主語，只能由不定式或動(dòng)名詞來充當(dāng)。 C項(xiàng)常用來作狀語，表示動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生，用作本句的主語自然不符合語法邏輯。 句意為：沿著古絲綢之路旅行是一次有趣而又有意義的經(jīng)歷。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,3.During the Mid-Autumn Festival，family members often gather together ________ a meal，admire the moon an

4、d enjoy moon cakes. (2018北京，6) A.share B.to share C.having shared D.shared,解析,解析此處需要用不定式表示gather together的目的。句意為：在中秋節(jié)期間，家庭成員經(jīng)常聚到一起吃飯、賞月、品嘗月餅。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,4.Ordinary soap，________ correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively. (2018北京，10) A.used B.to use C.using D.use,解析,解析因?yàn)榫渥又幸?/p>

5、有謂語動(dòng)詞，故此處要用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。句子的主語與use之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)該選A項(xiàng)，即過去分詞作狀語，used correctly相當(dāng)于if it is used correctly這個(gè)條件狀語從句的省略形式。句意為：普通的肥皂，如果使用得當(dāng)，可以有效地清除細(xì)菌。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,5.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ________. (2018天津，7) A.taking B.taken C.being taken D.take,解析,解析句意為：我需

6、要一個(gè)新護(hù)照，因此我得去讓人給我照相。本題考查have sth. done結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“讓別人做某事，讓被做”。my photograph與take之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故需用take的過去分詞形式。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,6.I didnt mean ________ anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help ________ it.(2018天津，12) A.to eat；to try B.eating；trying C.eating；to try D.to eat；tr

7、ying,解析,解析句意為：我沒打算吃東西，但這冰淇淋看上去如此美味以至于我忍不住嘗了下。mean to do sth. 打算做某事；mean doing sth. 意味著做某事；cant help doing sth. 禁不住/忍不住做某事；cant help (to) do sth. 不能幫助做某事。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,7.Many Chinese brands，________ their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market

8、.(2017江蘇，21) A.having developed B.being developed C.developed D.developing,解析,解析句意為：很多中國品牌歷經(jīng)幾個(gè)世紀(jì)樹立了聲譽(yù)，它們正面臨著當(dāng)代市場帶來的新挑戰(zhàn)?！癬_______their reputations over centuries”在句中作狀語，修飾整個(gè)句子。句子主語many Chinese brands與動(dòng)詞develop之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且句中有延續(xù)性的時(shí)間狀語over centuries，這里應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式表示主動(dòng)和延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作，因此選A。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,1

9、1,12,13,8.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ________ their valuable time.(2017北京，27) A.save B.saving C.to save D.saved,解析,解析句意為：現(xiàn)在許多航空公司允許乘客在網(wǎng)上打印登機(jī)牌以節(jié)約他們的寶貴時(shí)間。不定式短語to save their valuable time在句中作目的狀語。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,9.Jim has retired，but he s

10、till remembers the happy time ________ with his students.(2017北京，32) A.to spend B.spend C.spending D.spent,解析,解析句意為：吉姆已經(jīng)退休了，不過他仍然記得和學(xué)生們一起度過的快樂時(shí)光。the happy time與spend之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故此處用過去分詞形式作定語。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,10.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，________ more pati

11、ents to be treated.(2017天津，14) A.being allowed B.allowing C.having allowed D.allowed,解析,解析句意為：醫(yī)院最近獲得了新醫(yī)療設(shè)備，從而使更多的病人能夠得到治療。此處用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，故選B項(xiàng)。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,11.I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do_______with students.(2016浙江，19) A.working B.work C.to work D.worked,解析,解析

12、句意為：航海的樂趣與我現(xiàn)在和學(xué)生一起上課的樂趣一樣多。題干中的do指代前面的have fun，have fun(in)doing sth. 做某事很開心，有樂趣，是固定搭配，故選A。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,12.Much time ________ sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.(2015江蘇，24) A.being spent B.having spent C.spent D.spending,解析,解析句意為：由于大部分時(shí)間坐

13、在辦公桌前，辦公室職員通常被健康問題所困擾。由于句中沒有連詞，故前半句要用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；time與spend之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞形式。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,13.Video games can be a poor influence if ________ in the wrong hands.(2015湖南，24) A.to leave B.leaving C.leave D.left,解析,解析句意為：如果落在不合適的人的手中，電子游戲就會(huì)有一個(gè)很壞的影響。leave的邏輯主語是video games，它們之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分

14、詞。if left...是“連詞過去分詞”作狀語。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,診斷報(bào)告,解題方法,搞定非謂語只要這三步： 1.判斷 “謂”與“非謂” 句子按結(jié)構(gòu)分為三類，即簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。并列句和復(fù)合句都需要連詞來引導(dǎo)，如果兩個(gè)句子用連詞進(jìn)行連接，應(yīng)選謂語動(dòng)詞形式；如果兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中未出現(xiàn)連詞，則考慮用非謂語動(dòng)詞。,典例1________ many times，but he still couldnt understand it. A.Having been toldB.Told C.He was toldD.Though he had been

15、told,分析,分析用連詞but引導(dǎo)并列句，因此，前面與后句一樣也是個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子，排除A、B兩項(xiàng)；因though和but不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子中，故選C。,變式訓(xùn)練________many times, he still couldnt understand it. A.Having been toldB.Told C.He was toldD.Though he had been told,解析,解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處可用非謂語動(dòng)詞或狀語從句。tell發(fā)生在couldnt understand之前，故用完成時(shí)態(tài)；tell和其邏輯主語he之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，選A/D。,答案,,

16、,2.確定與邏輯主語之間的關(guān)系 確定要選非謂語動(dòng)詞之后，第二步要找到其邏輯主語。非謂語動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語須和句子的真正主語一致，找不到其邏輯主語時(shí)，整個(gè)句子或句子的主語就是非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語。正確判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語之間的關(guān)系是正確選擇非謂語動(dòng)詞形式的保證，不管是作什么成分的非謂語動(dòng)詞都體現(xiàn)以下特點(diǎn)： 1.如果非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語之間是主謂關(guān)系，可用現(xiàn)在分詞； 2.如果非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，可用過去分詞。,典例2________ from the top of the tower，t

17、he south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. A.Seen B.Seeing C.Having seen D.To see,分析,分析句意為：從塔頂看，這座山的南邊腳下是樹的海洋。seen from the top of the tower是一個(gè)過去分詞短語，在句子中作狀語。see的邏輯主語是句子的主語the south foot of the mountain，它們之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。故答案選A。,3.確定非謂語動(dòng)詞和謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的先后 非謂語動(dòng)詞具備動(dòng)詞的一些特點(diǎn)，也可以有動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。對于謂語動(dòng)詞，我們用時(shí)態(tài)來表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的

18、時(shí)間；對于非謂語動(dòng)詞不能用時(shí)態(tài)來表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的時(shí)間是一個(gè)相對時(shí)間，即相對于謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間而言。同時(shí)也需要了解非謂語動(dòng)詞的不同形式所指時(shí)間的含義。如to have done，having done表示該動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生；to be doing，doing強(qiáng)調(diào)與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。,典例3Dina，________ for months to find a job as a waitress，finally took a position at a local advertising agency. A.struggling B.struggled C.havin

19、g struggled D.to struggle,分析,分析句意為：Dina奮斗了幾個(gè)月，想找個(gè)做女服務(wù)員的工作，最后在當(dāng)?shù)匾患覐V告社謀到了一個(gè)職位。因Dina與struggle之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；且struggle發(fā)生在took之前，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式。,審題要訣可概括為： 動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)它均備，唯作謂語不算對。 主賓定狀表補(bǔ)語，樣樣功能它都會(huì)。 成分、作用理分明，再把時(shí)間來核對。 最后嚴(yán)把語態(tài)關(guān)，考慮周全終無悔。,考點(diǎn)突破,,考點(diǎn)1非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語,1.________ over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time

20、now. A.Ordering B.To order C.Having ordered D.Ordered,解析,解析句意為：那些書一周前已經(jīng)預(yù)定了，現(xiàn)在有望隨時(shí)到貨。 order與其邏輯主語the books之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故選D。,答案,,2.Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way ________ the sun and the stars. A.used B.having used C.using D.use,解析,解析句意為：就像古時(shí)候的水手一樣，鳥能利用太陽和星星找到它們的路。根據(jù)語境，use與其句中隱含的邏輯主語bird

21、s之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用v.-ing形式的一般式，在句中作方式狀語，相當(dāng)于by using the sun and the stars的省略。,答案,,3.________ for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. A.To work B.Worked C.To be working D.Having worked,解析,解析句意為：工作了兩天后，史蒂夫設(shè)法準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成了報(bào)告。句子主語Steve與動(dòng)詞work之間為主謂關(guān)系，故要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式；同時(shí)work的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞managed to finish之前，故要用

22、完成時(shí)。,答案,,4.________ the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. A.Catching B.Caught C.To catch D.Catch,解析,解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語。句意為：為了趕上早班飛機(jī)，我們提前預(yù)定了出租車并且很早就起了床。這里邏輯主語是we，用不定式作目的狀語，表示提前預(yù)定出租車并且早起的目的。故選C。,答案,,考點(diǎn)歸納,(一)分詞作狀語 1.分詞作狀語表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、伴隨或方式、目的等；作狀語時(shí)，是用現(xiàn)在分詞還是用過去分詞，取決于該動(dòng)詞與句子主語之間

23、的關(guān)系。如果是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，一般用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，一般用過去分詞。分詞的完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。 (1)Pressed from his parents，and realizing that he has wasted too much time，the boy is determined to stop playing video games. 由于來自父母的壓力，以及認(rèn)識到浪費(fèi)了太多的時(shí)間，這個(gè)男孩決定不玩電子游戲了。(表示原因),(2)Having finished his speech，he answered our questions. 做完演講后，他回

24、答了我們的問題。(表示時(shí)間) (3)Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks even more beautiful. 從山頂上看，這個(gè)公園顯得更加美麗。(see與主語the park之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系) (4)Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful. 從山頂上看，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)公園顯得更加美麗。(see與主語we之間存在主謂關(guān)系),2.某些動(dòng)詞的過去分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化，此時(shí)這些過去分詞表示一種狀態(tài)。這樣的詞有：lost(迷路的)，seated(坐)，lo

25、st/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿著)，tired of(感到厭倦)，faced with(面對)等。 (1)Absorbed in his book，he didnt notice me enter the room. 專心于讀書，他沒注意到我進(jìn)入房間。 (2)Dressed in a red coat，he is like a girl rather than a boy. 穿著一件紅色衣服，他更像一個(gè)女孩而不是男孩。,(二)動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語 動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語，其中的動(dòng)詞和主句的主語之間要形成主謂關(guān)系。在句子中可以充當(dāng)： 1.目的狀語 動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語常用

26、的形式：to do，so as to，in order to等。 2.結(jié)果狀語 在only/just to do結(jié)構(gòu)中表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。 3.原因狀語 在be happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised to do sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)中作狀語表原因。 4.固定結(jié)構(gòu) 用于too...to do，enough to do，so/such...as to do結(jié)構(gòu)中。,,考點(diǎn)2非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語,1.The national park has a large collection of wildlife，________ from butterflies to elephants.(2

27、017北京，30) A.ranging B.range C.to range D.ranged,解析,解析句意為：國家公園有一大批野生生物，從蝴蝶到大象都有。range from...to...從到(的范圍)。a large collection of wildlife與range之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作定語。,答案,,2.I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train ________.(2017天津，10) A.catching B.caught C.to catch D.to be caught

28、,解析,解析句意為：整個(gè)會(huì)議期間，我一直在看時(shí)間，因?yàn)槲乙s火車。結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，且catch與a train之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語，用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。,答案,,考點(diǎn)歸納,(一)分詞和動(dòng)名詞作定語 1.分詞作定語，表示被動(dòng)、完成用過去分詞(done)；表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行用現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)；表示被動(dòng)、進(jìn)行用being done；表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作尚未進(jìn)行用to be done。不定式作定語若表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，名詞前多用形容詞、分詞、序數(shù)詞等修飾。 (1)This is a problem discussed.這是一個(gè)已討論過的問題。 (2)This is

29、a problem being discussed. This is a problem which is being discussed. 這是一個(gè)正在被討論的問題。,(3)This is a problem to be discussed. This is a problem which is to be discussed. 這是一個(gè)將要討論的問題。 (4)He was the last one to leave school yesterday. 昨天他是最后一個(gè)離開教室的。 2.動(dòng)名詞作定語表示用途，如running shoes(跑鞋)，a drawing board(畫板)，a s

30、wimming pool(游泳池)，a waiting room(候車室)，a walking stick(手杖)等。,(二)下列情況常用不定式作定語 1.用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級或any，the only等限定的中心詞時(shí)，常用不定式作定語。 2.當(dāng)被修飾詞為特定名詞時(shí)常用不定式作定語，常見的名詞有decision，wish，chance，plan，time，effort，ability，attempt等。,,考點(diǎn)3非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語、賓語、表語和補(bǔ)語,1.非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語(主語)補(bǔ)足語 Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr.Le

31、e was very happy to see his mother ________ good care of at home.(2015陜西，18) A.taking B.taken C.take D.be taken,解析句意為：李博士在非洲進(jìn)行了兩年的醫(yī)療服務(wù)，回來后看到他的母親在家里被照顧得很好，他很高興。此處是“see賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)。此處his mother與take good care of之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選B項(xiàng)。,,解析,答案,考點(diǎn)歸納,1.后跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，必須省去to的動(dòng)詞，即“聽看觀感使讓幫”sb. /sth. do...。 聽hear，listen t

32、o；看see，watch，look at，notice；觀observe；感feel；使make，have；讓let；幫help,2.動(dòng)詞keep，leave，set，catch及介詞with后接非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 (1)Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. 對不起，讓您久等了。 (2)We cant leave such an important matter unfinished. 我們不能讓這樣一件重要的事半途而廢。 (3)I caught him smoking a cigarette. 我碰到他正在抽煙。 (4)With

33、a lot of work to do，he was not allowed to go out. 由于有許多工作要做，他不被允許出去。,2.非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語 1.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on ________ all the people who had helped in her career. A.to thank B.thanking C.having thanked D.to have thanked,解析句意為：在獲得奧斯卡最佳女配角獎(jiǎng)之后，安妮本尼迪克特繼續(xù)感

34、謝所有曾經(jīng)在她的事業(yè)中幫助過她的人。go on to do sth. 繼續(xù)做另一件事；go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做同一件事。拿獎(jiǎng)后又繼續(xù)做另一件事，即“感謝所有幫助過她的人”，所以選A。,,解析,答案,2.Its quite hot today.Do you feel like ________ for a swim? A.to go B.going C.go D.having gone,解析句意為：今天很熱。你想去游泳嗎？feel like想要，后面接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。feel like doing sth. 表示“想要做某事”。D項(xiàng)having gone表示動(dòng)作已完成，不符合

35、語境。,,解析,答案,3.The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore，he can go shopping without ________. A.recognizing B.being recognized C.having recognized D.having been recognized,解析句意為：那位影星戴著墨鏡，因此他可以在沒人認(rèn)出的情況下購物了。without為介詞，后面接動(dòng)名詞形式；the film star與recognize之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式，即“being done”結(jié)構(gòu)。,,解析,答案,考點(diǎn)歸納,非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓

36、語的四種情況： 1.介詞后常常接動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語，但介詞but/except后接不定式作賓語，且前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，不定式就要省略to。 2.巧記只跟動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞：R，WOLF HEAD MAP！(?。±穷^圖！) Rrefuse；Wwant，wish；Ooffer；Llong(渴望)；Ffail；Hhappen；Eexpect；Aask；Ddecide，determine；Mmanage；Aafford；Ppretend,3.巧記只能跟doing的動(dòng)詞：MEGIDCAFEPS(諧音：賣給的咖啡不是) Mmind，miss；Eenjoy；Ggive up；Iimagine，include；D

37、deny，delay；Cconsider；Aadvise，appreciate；Ffinish；Eescape，excuse；Ppractise；Ssuggest 4.既可接不定式也可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞，但兩者意思不同。,mean,to do sth. 打算(想要)做某事 doing sth. 意味著(要)做某事,,forget,to do sth. 忘記去做某事 doing sth. 忘記做過某事,,try,to do sth. 設(shè)法做某事 doing sth. 試著做某事,,go on,to do sth. 繼續(xù)做另一件事 doing sth. 繼續(xù)做原來做的事,,remember,to

38、 do sth. 記得去做某事 doing sth. 記得做過某事,,regret,to do sth. 對即將做的事表示遺憾 doing sth. 對做過的事表示后悔,,stop,doing sth. 停止做某事 to do sth. 停下正在做的事去做另一事,,cant help,doing sth. 禁不住去做某事 (to) do sth. 不能幫助做某事,,(1)Remember to turn off the lights before you go to bed. 臨睡前記著關(guān)燈。 (2)I remember reading about the earthquake in the

39、papers. 我記得在報(bào)紙上看到過關(guān)于這次地震的消息。 (3)Dont forget to turn down the gas after an hour or so. 別忘了過一個(gè)小時(shí)左右把煤氣關(guān)小點(diǎn)兒。,(4)I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time. 我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記第一次看見長城的情景。 (5)I regret to say the job has been filled. 我很遺憾地告訴你，那個(gè)工作已經(jīng)有人做了。 (6)I regret saying what I said.I shouldnt hav

40、e said it. 我懊悔說了那些話。我是不應(yīng)該這樣說的。,3.非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語 1.While waiting for the opportunity to get ________，Henry did his best to perform his duty. A.promote B.promoted C.promoting D.to promote,解析句意為：當(dāng)?shù)却龣C(jī)會(huì)升職的時(shí)候，亨利盡最大努力履行他的職責(zé)。這里使用了get done結(jié)構(gòu)，表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。,,解析,答案,2.For those with family members far away，the personal pute

41、r and the phone are important in staying ________. A.connected B.connecting C.to connect D.to be connected,解析句意為：對那些與家人離得比較遠(yuǎn)的人來說，個(gè)人電腦和電話在保持聯(lián)系方面很重要。本句中的關(guān)鍵詞是stay(保持)，它是一個(gè)連系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞作表語。connected可作形容詞，意為“有聯(lián)系的，有來往的”，符合句意。,,解析,答案,考點(diǎn)歸納,1.不定式作表語表示主語的具體內(nèi)容、目的等。 (1)My goal is to be a scientist. 我的目標(biāo)是當(dāng)一名科學(xué)家。 (2

42、)What strikes me most is to see him always busy. 使我感到驚訝的是總看見他很忙碌。 2.動(dòng)名詞作表語表示籠統(tǒng)的、抽象的概念。 (1)My favorite sport is skiing. 我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是滑雪。 (2)Seeing is believing.眼見為實(shí)。,3.作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞，往往具有形容詞的性質(zhì)，用于說明主語的性質(zhì)與特征。過去分詞作表語和系動(dòng)詞連用，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，往往表示主語所處的一種狀態(tài)，有時(shí)候用于“getv.-ed”結(jié)構(gòu)中。 (1)The report is very encouraging. 這個(gè)報(bào)告非常鼓舞人心。 (2)

43、I got confused，even bored. 我被搞得迷惑了，甚至有點(diǎn)煩了。,4.非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語 1.________the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. A.Ignore B.Ignoring C.Ignored D.Having ignored,解析句意為：忽視這兩個(gè)研究結(jié)果的不同將是你犯的最嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤之一。從will be one of the worst mistakes you make來看，will的前面部分是主語，因此用v.

44、-ing短語作主語。這里表達(dá)一般情況，因此不用完成式。,,解析,答案,2.Its standard practice for a pany like this one ________ a security officer. A.employed B.being employed C.to employ D.employs,解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，it是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的“________ a security officer”；再根據(jù)句型“It isn.(for sb. )to do sth. ”，知選to employ。,,解析,答案,考點(diǎn)歸納,1.動(dòng)名詞作主語往往表示一種概念、習(xí)

45、慣或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。有時(shí)候用it作形式主語，常用于Its no use/good/useless/of little use/useful/worth/a waste of time doing等句式中。 (1)Going to bed early and rising early is a good habit. 早睡早起是個(gè)好習(xí)慣。 (2)Its no use crying over spilt milk.覆水難收。,2.不定式作主語往往表示一個(gè)具體的動(dòng)作、一種愿望、目的或未完成的事，通常用形式主語it代替。常見的it代替不定式作形式主語的句型有： It beadj.(for sb. ) to do

46、 sth. It ben.(for sb. ) to do sth. It beadj.of sb. (to do sth. ) (1)To stop the work now seems impossible. It seems impossible to stop the work now. 現(xiàn)在停止這項(xiàng)工作似乎是不可能的。,(2)Its so nice to hear your voice. 聽到你的聲音真高興。 (3)It wont be easy for you to find a job. 找一份新工作對你來說不容易。 (4)It seemed selfish of him not

47、 to give them anything. 他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西，這顯得太自私了。,,考點(diǎn)4獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),The lecture ________，a lively question-and-answer session followed. A.being given B.having given C.to be given D.having been given,解析句意為：演講結(jié)束后，緊跟著是一個(gè)生動(dòng)的互動(dòng)環(huán)節(jié)。由于句中沒有連詞，故前半句要用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；the lecture與give之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且動(dòng)作發(fā)生在動(dòng)詞follow之前，故選D項(xiàng)。,,解析,答案,考點(diǎn)歸納,1.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

48、由“普通格名詞(或主格代詞)分詞、不定式、名詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語”構(gòu)成，在句中作狀語，通常用逗號與句子的其他部分隔開。 (1)Mary ing back，they discussed it together. 瑪麗回來后，他們一起討論了那件事。 (2)Good luck given，I will earn more money than all of you. 運(yùn)氣好的話，我掙的錢將比你們所有人掙得都多。,2.there be句型的非謂語形式 (1)Ive never dreamed of there being a picture on the wall. 我從未想到墻上會(huì)有幅畫。 (

49、2)I expect there to be many chances for her to get a job. 我希望她有很多機(jī)會(huì)找到工作。 (3)There being ice on the road，I told the driver to slow down. 路上有冰，我讓司機(jī)減速慢行。 (4)There having been no water for two days，the travelers were all very thirsty. 已經(jīng)兩天都沒有水了，所有游客都非?？?。,,考點(diǎn)5“連詞分詞(短語)”結(jié)構(gòu),Children，when ________ by their

50、parents，are allowed to enter the stadium. A.to be acpanied B.to acpany C.acpanying D.acpanied,解析句意為：孩子們在父母的陪同下才被允許進(jìn)入該體育館。因?yàn)閏hildren和acpany之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該使用過去分詞acpanied。此處是狀語從句的省略，還原后是when they are acpanied by their parents。,,解析,答案,考點(diǎn)歸納,分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，有時(shí)前面可用一個(gè)連詞，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或出于表達(dá)需要，常用的連詞有：when，while，if，though，whether

51、...or...，unless，as if等。有時(shí)這種結(jié)構(gòu)可看成是狀語從句的省略。 (1)Though left behind and feeling awkward，Jack kept on running until he reached the finishing line. 雖然他被落在后面感到很局促不安，但是Jack堅(jiān)持跑到了終點(diǎn)線。 (2)You should stay where you are，unless asked to leave. 你應(yīng)該呆在你現(xiàn)在的地方不動(dòng)，除非讓你動(dòng)。,,考點(diǎn)6固定結(jié)構(gòu)中非謂語動(dòng)詞的使用,He is thought ________ foolishl

52、y.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. A.to act B.to have acted C.acting D.having acted,解析sb. be thought to...某人被認(rèn)為，是固定句式。句意為：他被認(rèn)為是舉止愚蠢的，現(xiàn)在失去這份工作他只能責(zé)怪自己，不能怨別人。根據(jù)句意可知，他表現(xiàn)很糟糕是在丟掉工作之前，所以用不定式的完成式。故B項(xiàng)正確。,,解析,答案,考點(diǎn)歸納,高頻固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)薈萃： 1.be likely to do sth. 有可能做某事 2.There is no need t

53、o do sth. 沒有必要做某事 3.It takes sb. some time to do sth. 某人花多少時(shí)間做某事 4.be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事 5.spend money/time (in) doing sth. 花費(fèi)金錢或時(shí)間做某事,6.have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困難 7.prevent/stop...(from) doing sth. 阻止做某事 8.with賓語 注意：在with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，取決于賓語與其后的成分之間的邏輯關(guān)系。,doing(表示主動(dòng)或正在

54、進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作) done(表示被動(dòng)或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作) to do(表示將來的動(dòng)作),,專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,1.I find singing Karaoke ________，for it takes my mind off my work for a while. A.being relaxed B.to relax C.relaxed D.relaxing,解析,解析句意為：我覺得唱卡拉OK令人放松，因?yàn)樗屛視簳r(shí)不去想工作的事情。find singing Karaoke relaxing是find的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，relaxing是賓語補(bǔ)足語，修飾事物，意為“令人放

55、松的，使人懶洋洋的”。,答案,,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,2.The Lifelong Learning Programme ________ to enable people to take part in learning experiences has taken off across Europe. (2018蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)一調(diào)，23) A.having been designed B.being designed C.designed D.designing,解析,解析句意為：這個(gè)旨在幫助人們參與到學(xué)習(xí)中的終身學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃已經(jīng)在全歐洲取得重大成功。design與主語是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，

56、用過去分詞作后置定語，故選C。,答案,,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,3.Feng Chu，reported ________ the National Prize for Progress in Science and Technology in 2017，is a post90s PHD candidate. (2018南通、泰州一模，22) A.winning B.to have won C.to win D.having won,解析,解析根據(jù)be reported to do/have done排除A、D。根據(jù)in 2017可知應(yīng)該是已經(jīng)得獎(jiǎng)。故選B。,答案,,1,3,4

57、,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,4.The autopany succeeded in developing a new type of new energy vehicle，________ countless failures.(2018南通、泰州一模，28) A.experiencing B.to experience C.to have experienced D.having experienced,解析,解析句意為：在經(jīng)歷了無數(shù)次失敗之后，這個(gè)汽車公司成功研發(fā)了一款新能源汽車。experience countless failures發(fā)生在succeed之前，用having don

58、e的形式。故選D。,答案,,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,5.No one can avoid ________ by advertisements. A.influencing B.influenced C.being influenced D.to influence,解析,解析動(dòng)詞avoid后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，本題屬被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故答案為C。,答案,,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,6.Much disappointed ________ as he is in the job interview，he still keeps his confidence.(2018泰州

59、二模，4) A.to have failed B.failed C.having failed D.failing,解析,解析be disappointed to do sth. 對感到失望；由“he still keeps his confidence(他仍然保持自信)”可知此處強(qiáng)調(diào)這件事帶來的結(jié)果對后面產(chǎn)生了影響，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：盡管他面試失敗很失望，但他仍然保持自信。故選A。,答案,,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,7.________ regular training in nursing，she could hardly cope with the work a

60、t first.(2018泰州二模，10) A.Not received B.Since receiving C.Having not received D.Not having received,解析,解析句中receive和主語she是主謂關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。且receive發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前，用having received，其否定式是在前面加not。句意為：由于沒有接受過正規(guī)的護(hù)理培訓(xùn)，起初她幾乎無法應(yīng)付這份工作。故選D。,答案,,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,8.With so many orphans ________，the charity organizati

61、on calls for more donations. A.to look after B.being looked after C.to be looked after D.looked after,解析,解析句意為：有如此多的孤兒要照顧，這個(gè)慈善機(jī)構(gòu)需要更多的捐助。本題考查的是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，其用法為：withn.doing/done/to do/adj....。此處用不定式表將來。,答案,,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,9.________ his eyes on the album，he thought of the happy time when he lived

62、with his parents in that mountain village. A.Fixed B.To be fixed C.Fixing D.Having fixed,解析,解析句意為：目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著相冊，他回想起他和他父母一起住在那個(gè)山村的快樂時(shí)光。動(dòng)詞fix和其邏輯主語he之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且與句子謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，故需用現(xiàn)在分詞，選C。,答案,,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,10.Once winter became less of a threat to human beings in literature，literary works ________ it became more positive.(2018揚(yáng)州期末，25) A.featuring B.being featured C.having featured D.featured,解析,解析句意為：一旦冬天在文學(xué)中對人類的威脅減少，以冬天為特征的文學(xué)作品就變得更加積極。句子主語由winter變?yōu)閘iterary works，前后主語不一致，用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。literary works與feature是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故選A。,答案,,