八、詞句猜測句意理解題,專題三第二節(jié)分類突破,真題感悟,名師點津,內(nèi)容索引,隨堂限時練,真題感悟,(2018揚州一模) Competition is an ideology(意識形態(tài)) that spreads all over our society and misleads our thinking.But it means no profits for anybody，no meaningful differentiation，and a struggle for survival.We advocate petition，see it as necessary，and set its laws；and as a result，we trap ourselves within itthe more we pete，the less we gain.,Our educational system both drives and reflects our craze for petition.Grades alone are precise measurement of each students petitiveness；pupils with the highest marks receive status and credits.And it gets worse as students rise to higher levels of the tournament.Higher education is the place where people who had big plans in high school get stuck in fierce petition with equally smart peers over conventional careers like management consulting and investment banking.For the privilege of being turning into conformists(順從者)，students (or their families) pay hundreds of thousands of dollars in rapidly rising tuition.Why are we doing this to ourselves?,I wish I had asked myself when I was younger.My path was so tracked that in my 8th-grade yearbook，one of my friends predictedaccuratelythat four years later I would enter Stanford.And I enrolled at Stanford Law School，where I peted even harder for the standard badges(徽章) of success.The highest prize in a law students world is unambiguous：the Supreme Court clerkship.I was so close to winning this last petition.If only I got the clerkship，I thought，I would be set for life.But I didnt.At the time，I was frustrated.,In 2004，after I had built and sold PayPal，I ran into an old friend who had helped me prepare for my failed clerkship applications.We hadnt spoken in nearly a decade.His first words to me were not “Hi Peter” or “How are you doing？” But rather，“So，arent you glad you didnt get that clerkship？” Because if I hadnt lost that last petition，we both knew that I never would have left the track laid down since middle school.Had I actually clerked on the Supreme Court，I probably would have spent my entire career taking depositions or drafting other peoples business deals instead of creating anything new.Its hard to say how much would be different，but the opportunity costs were enormous.,語篇解讀本文是一篇議論文。作者用自己的事例闡述了一個人不應(yīng)該盲目地隨大流，而應(yīng)該有自己的目標(biāo)和計劃。,Looking back at my ambition to bee a lawyer，it looks less like a plan for the future and more like an excuse for the present.It was a way to explain to anyone who would askto my parents，to my peers，and most of all to myselfthat there was no need to worry.I was perfectly on track.But it turned out that my biggest problem was taking the track without thinking really hard about where it was going.,語篇解讀,1.Students pete at school because . A.they are assessed by grades B.they are under peer pressure C.they want to find a secure job D.the tuition increases quickly,解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第四句“Higher education is the place where people who had big plans in high school get stuck in fierce petition with equally smart peers over conventional careers like management consulting and investment banking.”可知，學(xué)生在學(xué)校競爭是為了以后找到一份穩(wěn)定的工作。,答案,解析,2.We can learn from Paragraph 3 that the writer . A.didnt have a clear plan for future B.did badly in study in the 8th grade C.wasnt a capable student in college D.didnt want to obtain the clerkship,解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“I wish I had asked myself when I was younger.”可知，作者很后悔當(dāng)初沒有弄清楚為什么要這樣做，由此可知當(dāng)時他對未來缺乏清晰的規(guī)劃。,答案,解析,3.The underlined sentence “the opportunity costs were enormous” (in Paragraph 4) shows the writer . A.is unsure whether his choice is correct B.regrets failing clerkship applications C.is happy about not getting the clerkship D.thinks he could have had a better career,解析句意理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Had I actually clerked on the Supreme Court，I probably would.Its hard to say how much would be different，but the opportunity costs were enormous.”可知，作者對于沒有成為最高法院的職員是感到高興的。,答案,解析,4.The writer shares his life story mainly to argue that . A.people shouldnt support petition B.grades cannot reflect students ability C.failure can be a good thing sometimes D.we shouldnt follow other people blindly,解析寫作意圖題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“But it turned out that my biggest problem was taking the track without thinking really hard about where it was going.”可知，作者分享這個故事的目的是告訴人們不要盲目地跟隨他人，而應(yīng)該有自己的目標(biāo)和計劃。,答案,解析,名師點津,一、題型解讀 記敘文、說明文和議論文中可能會考查句意猜測題。要求考生用合適的語句解釋一個具有概括性的句子或格言諺語。設(shè)問形式常有： 1.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means “ ”. 2.Which of the following best explains the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?,二、解題技巧“意義吻合”定句意,一定位,二分析,三歸納,返回原文，定位畫線句，利用語法和邏輯關(guān) 系準(zhǔn)確分析原句 分析理解畫線句前后語境，合理推斷句意 歸納總結(jié)，找出與原句意思完全吻合的選項,例如：【感悟體會】中第3題： 第一步：速讀文章，并標(biāo)出文章中與畫線句子相關(guān)的句子 (1)Had I actually clerked on the Supreme Court，I probably would have spent my entire career taking depositions or drafting other peoples business deals instead of creating anything new. (2)Its hard to say how much would be different，but the opportunity costs were enormous.,第二步：對比信息句、畫線句和選項，確定答案 由第(1)句話可知，要是作者成為最高法院的職員，一輩子就不會有所創(chuàng)新了。第(2)句話的意思是“很難說有什么不同，但是這個機會成本是巨大的”。由此可推知作者對于沒有成為最高法院的職員是感到高興的。,隨堂限時練,A (2018湖南郴州質(zhì)檢) 6Companion planting is the idea that when some crops are planted together，they help each other grow.These 1patible plants generally have similar needs for nutrients，soil and 2moisture. Advice for panion planting is sometimes based more on tradition than proof. But Fabian Fernandez at the University of Illinois says there is evidence for some binations.These can lead to better crops，reduce disease and help with pest control by attracting helpful insects.,For example，some kinds of soil bacteria take nitrogen(氮) from the air and make a form that plants can use.The plants keep the nitrogen in their roots.Legumes(豆類) are especially good at this.Any crops sharing the same space can get the nitrogen as the roots depose(腐爛).,Crops like beans and potatoes，carrots and cabbages，beans and rice can also share territory well because their roots reach different levels in the soil.Deep-rooted vegetables get nutrients and moisture from lower down，so they do not pete with shallower plants.But some plants placed together may harm each others development.For example，tomatoes do not like wet soil but watercress does，as the name suggests.So you would probably not want to put them together.,Even after harvest，some kinds of produce should be kept apart.Apples，for example，release ethylene gas，a plant 3hormone.It can cause other foods to ripen(成熟) too quickly.Markets often separate high ethylene-producing foods from those that are sensitive to the gas.But sometimes you might want them together.For example，if you put an apple in a bag with a green banana，the banana will be ready to eat sooner.,Now what about peaches，plums and nectarines that are too firm to eat? Growers in California answer this question at eatcaliforniafruit.They say an apple，a banana or a riper piece of fruit is not needed.The peaches，plums and nectarines themselves release enough of the gas to ripen successfully.,Heres their advice：place the fruit in a fruit bowl or in a paper bag with the top folded over.Keep the fruit at room temperature.When the fruit is soft enough to your liking，either use it or place it in a refrigerator to stop further ripening.,語篇解讀本文介紹了兼容種植的原理和方法。兼容種植是指當(dāng)一些作物被種植在一起時，它們互相幫助生長。,語篇解讀,1.What are the basic needs for panion planting? A.Good old panions. B.Some kinds of soil bacteria. C.Similar needs for nutrients，soil and moisture. D.Helpful insects.,解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“These patible plants generally have similar needs for nutrients，soil and moisture.”可知，兼容模式種植的基本要求是對“nutrients，soil and moisture”有相似的需求。故答案為C。,答案,解析,2.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A.4To some extent，panion planting relies more on traditional experience. B.In the field of panion planting，proof always speaks louder than tradition. C.Traditional experience is much less reliable than scientific experiments. D.Scientific researches have thrown light on the theory of panion planting.,答案,解析,解析句意理解題。畫線句子的意思是在某種程度上，兼容種植更多地依賴于傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)驗。故選A。,解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句“For example，tomatoes do not like wet soil but watercress does，as the name suggests.So you would probably not want to put them together.”可知，西紅柿和豆瓣菜不適合在一起種植。故答案為B。,3.According to the text，which group of plants are not suitable to be planted together? A.Beans and potatoes. B.Tomatoes and watercress. C.Carrots and cabbages. D.Beans and rice.,答案,解析,4.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A.We should choose fruit from markets as often as possible. B.The peaches，plums and nectarines should always be put together to get riper. C.The fruit in a fruit bowl or in a paper bag should be eaten as soon as possible. D.We should not place any ripening fruit out in direct sunlight.,答案,解析,解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)把水果放在水果碗里或紙袋里。保持水果在室溫下，當(dāng)水果柔軟到你喜歡的程度的時候，要么用掉它要么放到冰箱里。由此可推知我們不應(yīng)該把任何成熟的水果放在陽光直射的地方。故選D。,B After four silent years，the 27-year-old British singer Adele Adkins has finally introduced herself to the world again with Hello，the opening song from her third album 25，which will 8e out on Nov.20. Although Adele is a very successful singer now，music wasnt always what she saw herself doing.At age 10，when she saw her grandmothers pain over the death of Adeles grandfather，she 7pictured herself as a heart surgeon.,“I wanted to fix peoples hearts，” she told the UK music website i-D，remembering the childhood interest shed had in biology classes until she found out that her real talent was for singing. Adele didnt go to medical school，but many would agree that she still has healing(治愈) powers.“Her songs find the kind of memory every listener holds somewhere in their heart.This kind of feeling is what people have always liked in Adele，” said The Telegraph.“She writes a pop diary，sharing the simple secrets of her heart.”,Most successful pop stars make albums at a fast pace，but not Adele.After her second album 21 won the 2012 Grammy Award for Album of the Year，she made it clear with her label that she would spend “four or five years” making her next album.She told Vogue magazine，“I wont e out with new music until its better than 21.” Instead of seeking 5fame，Adele remained silent and moved to the countryside.In her free time，she loved to watch TV series Teen Mom，American Horror Story，and The Walking Dead.,語篇解讀本文主要講述了英國著名歌手阿黛爾在音樂上取得成功的秘密。),Living life as normally as possible is important to the singers art.“Nobody wants to listen to a record from someone whos not living in the real world，” Adele told i-D.“So I live a low-key life for my fans.”,語篇解讀,5.What does the text mainly tell us? A.The popularity of Adeles album 25. B.The healing powers of Adeles music. C.The secrets of Adeles success in music. D.The reason for Adeles being a singer.,解析主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是最后三段可推知，本文主要講述了阿黛爾在音樂上取得成功的秘密。故選C。,答案,解析,6.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A.Adele wasnt interested in music. B.Adele wasnt good at music at first. C.Music wasnt very important in Adeles life. D.Music wasnt all Adele wanted to be devoted to.,解析句意理解題。根據(jù)第二段末句可知，10歲時，當(dāng)阿黛爾看到祖父的去世給祖母帶來的傷痛時，她想成為一名外科醫(yī)生，減輕別人的痛苦。由此可推知，音樂并不是阿黛爾想要的全部。故選D。,答案,解析,7.Why doesnt Adele want to make albums at a fast pace? A.To live a low-key life. B.To win the Grammy Award. C.To guarantee the quality of her music. D.To share the secrets of her heart as a musician.,解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“She told Vogue magazine，I wont e out with new music until its better than 21.” 并結(jié)合最后兩段的整體內(nèi)容可推知，阿黛爾放慢做音樂的速度是為了追求高質(zhì)量的音樂。故選C。,答案,解析,8.What can we know about Adele? A.Her album Hello will e out on Nov.20. B.She has kept a diary since childhood. C.She moved to the countryside before 2012. D.Her works are based on real life.,解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句“Nobody wants to listen to a record from someone whos not living in the real world， Adele told i-D.So I live a low-key life for my fans.”可知，阿黛爾的音樂作品基于真實的生活。故選D。,答案,解析,素材提煉再拓展,做完以上兩篇閱讀后，巧妙運用語境，解決障礙詞和長難句,.障礙詞匯突破 (一)閱讀下列句子，并根據(jù)句意猜測畫線部分的意思 1.Today there are lots of smartphone apps to choose.But theyre all different and not patible with other smartphone operating systems. 2.They require little water，perhaps because they obtain much of their moisture from their food. _,兼容的,水分,3.A hormone is a chemical，usually occurring naturally in your body，that makes an organ of your body do something._ 4.Do you think your happiness is tied，at least to some extent，to your financial situation？_ 5.She was one of the most popular stars of our time and she could sit back and enjoy her fame and fortune. _ (二)同義詞語替換 6.Although she finished her voyage without a panion，she did not start it alone._,荷爾蒙；激素,在某種程度上,名聲；名望,fellow/friend,7.We found it hard to picture him as the father of a young girl._ (三)一詞多義 8e out出來，出現(xiàn)；開花，發(fā)芽；出版，發(fā)表 (1)Were going to e out with a new dictionary next month. _ (2)I have lots of ideas，but they never seem to e out of my mouth._ (3)Some flowers have begun to e out. _,imagine,出版，發(fā)表,出來,開花,.長難句理解 1.Markets often separate high ethylene-producing foods from those that are sensitive to the gas. 句式分析本句話是一個復(fù)合句，句子的主干部分由短語separate.from.構(gòu)成，those 指代前面的 ；that are sensitive to the gas是 從句。 精美譯文,foods,定語,市場把乙烯含量高的食品與那些對乙烯氣體敏感的食物,分開。,2.After her second album 21 won the 2012 Grammy Award for Album of the Year，she made it clear with her label that she would spend “four or five years” making her next album. 句式分析本句話是一個復(fù)合句，主干部分是 結(jié)構(gòu)，it是形式賓語，真正的賓語是_ ；After her second album 21 won the 2012 Grammy Award for Album of the Year是 。 精美譯文,that she would spend “four or five years” making,主謂賓賓補,her next album,時間狀語,在她的第二張專輯21獲得了2012年年度格萊美獎后，她明確表示要花四、五年的時間出下一張專輯。,