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111 高二英語(yǔ)Module2 DNA the Secrets of Life (I) 外研社 一. 本周教學(xué)內(nèi)容： Module 2 DNA—the Secrets of Life (I) 二. 教學(xué)目標(biāo)： 本模塊介紹關(guān)于DNA的研究現(xiàn)狀，最新成果，并對(duì)未來(lái)這一高科技領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展進(jìn)行展望，進(jìn)一步激發(fā)學(xué)生探索生命科學(xué)的興趣，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作的科學(xué)素養(yǎng)，幫助學(xué)生辨證思考轉(zhuǎn)基因，克隆等高新技術(shù)的發(fā)展可能給人類帶來(lái)的益處和負(fù)面效應(yīng)及相應(yīng)的道德挑戰(zhàn)。并同時(shí)引入了與此相關(guān)的詞匯，要求學(xué)生了解上述內(nèi)容并掌握有關(guān)的詞匯，培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)言技能。 單詞和短語(yǔ)： take after hereditary have an （enormous） influence on question investigation perform an operation alter consequence trait to a great extent in detail nonetheless insure modify regulatory label molecular resistance drought resistant insecticide carcinogen transfer approve soybean oppose pimento edible transgenic issue inspection evolve bare indescribably frail fancy queer peculiar flaxen shaft shudder dawn differentiate 重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)： take after have an （enormous） influence on question perform an operation alter consequence to a great extent in detail nonetheless insure modify resistance drought resistant transfer approve oppose issue inspection bare shudder differentiate 詞語(yǔ)要點(diǎn)歸納： 1. question （1）n. 問(wèn)、發(fā)問(wèn)、詢問(wèn)、質(zhì)問(wèn)；疑問(wèn)、懷疑；問(wèn)題 ask sb. a question向某人提一個(gè)問(wèn)題 put a question to sb. 向某人提問(wèn)題 The question is what do you want to do? 問(wèn)題是你想干什么? a question about sb. ／sth. 有關(guān)某人／事的問(wèn)題 （2）①v. 詢問(wèn)、盤問(wèn)、提問(wèn)；懷疑；對(duì)……表示懷疑 question a witness審問(wèn)證人 question sb. on his views詢問(wèn)某人的看法 Do you question his honesty? 你懷疑他的忠實(shí)嗎? ②n. 詢問(wèn)、探問(wèn) make no question of對(duì)……不加懷疑 out of question毫無(wú)疑問(wèn) out of the question不可能；辦不到的、不必談的 【思維拓展】 questionable adj. 可疑的；不可靠的 questionably adv. questionnaire意見(jiàn)詢問(wèn)表 【活學(xué)活用】 There is no doubt that Mr. White’s having been in Guilin. ——There is no _________ that Mr. White’s having been in Guilin. 2. investigation n.調(diào)查 【思維拓展】 v. investigate調(diào)查、審查、檢查 investigate the cause of a train accident調(diào)查一起火車事故的原因 investigate into an affair調(diào)查一件事件 investigator（n.）調(diào)查員 【活學(xué)活用】 單項(xiàng)填空 He has been _____________ and found blameless. A. searched B. investigated C. examined D. tested 3. nonetheless=（nevertheless）adv. 然而、不過(guò)；雖然如此 What you said was true but（it was）nonetheless unkind. 你所說(shuō)的都對(duì)，可惜不怎么厚道。 I can’t follow your advice; nonetheless, thank you for giving it. 恕我不能接受你的勸告，不過(guò)，謝謝你的好意。 Although he’s fool，I like him nonetheless. 雖然他很笨，然而我喜歡他。 【活學(xué)活用】 單項(xiàng)填空 She was very tired，_____________ she kept on working. A. thus B furthermore C. otherwise D. nonetheless 4. insure v.給……保險(xiǎn)。為……投保；保證、確保 The owner insured the house against fire and theft. 房主對(duì)房屋進(jìn)行了火災(zāi)和偷盜保險(xiǎn)。 Their support will insure me success. 他們的支持將成為我成功的保證。 【拓展辨析】 insure，ensure與assure insure（對(duì)人或物進(jìn)行）投保. 保險(xiǎn) ensure確保、保證（也可寫為insure） assure讓……放心，使……深信 He insured himself against accident for ten million Yuan. 他投了1，000萬(wàn)元的意外保險(xiǎn)。 To ensure the child’s quick recovery，the doctor gave him an injection. 為了確保孩子能很快地康復(fù)，大夫給他打了針。 My words assured him. 我的話使他放心了。 assure可作專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)，“對(duì)……進(jìn)行保險(xiǎn)”（尤指人壽保險(xiǎn)） 【活學(xué)活用】 單項(xiàng)填空 Mr. Li __________ his dog against accident! A. insured B. ensured C. assured D. sure 5. resistance n. 抵抗、對(duì)抗；抵抗力. 阻力、反對(duì)；電阻、耐力；（最省力的）方法 The defenders put up a strong resistance. 守軍堅(jiān)強(qiáng)地抵抗。 There is wind resistance to an aircraft. 風(fēng)對(duì)飛機(jī)的阻力。 There has been much resistance to this new law. 反對(duì)這項(xiàng)新法的人很多。 Mary has great powers of resistance and will get well quickly. 瑪莉的抵抗力很強(qiáng)，很快就會(huì)復(fù)原的。 Copper has less resistance to electricity than lead has. 銅的電阻比鉛低。 Let’s take the line of least resistance and pay him the money instead of fighting. 讓我采取最省力的方法，給他錢，省得跟他斗。 【思維拓展】 resister（n.）抵抗者，resistible可抵抗的 resistant adj. 抵抗的、反抗的、有抵抗力的、不受影響的 Some rats are resistant to poison. 有些老鼠對(duì)毒藥有抵抗力。 The transplanted seedlings are resistant to cold weather. 移植的秧苗有抗寒能力。 【活學(xué)活用】 單項(xiàng)填空 She hardly has the resistance to laughing. ——She ______________ laughing. 6. approve v. 核準(zhǔn)、批準(zhǔn)、贊成、稱許、滿意 The minister approved the building plans. 部長(zhǎng)核準(zhǔn)了建筑計(jì)劃。 【思維拓展】 approver批準(zhǔn)者、贊成者 approvingly（adv. ）贊成地，贊許地 approve of贊成、稱許 I don’t approve of（silly people）（wasting time）. 我不喜歡（傻里傻氣的人）；我反對(duì)（浪費(fèi)時(shí)間）。 approval（n. ）贊成、贊許、核準(zhǔn)、批準(zhǔn) 【活學(xué)活甩】 單項(xiàng)填空 The head teacher ________ his taking 5 days off. A. permit B. admit C. approved D. proved 7. oppose v. 反對(duì)、反抗，對(duì)抗，使相對(duì)、使對(duì)抗 I am opposed to that plan. 我反對(duì)那個(gè)計(jì)劃。 be opposed to反抗、對(duì)抗（to為介詞） oppose oneself to sth. 反對(duì)某事 【思維拓展】 as opposed to與……不同；與……相反 John likes rice；as opposed to Mary, who hates it. 約翰喜歡米飯，跟討厭吃米飯的瑪莉正好相反。 opposite ①相反的人或物 Black and white are opposites. 黑與白是相反的顏色。 ②相反的，對(duì)立的，相對(duì)的，對(duì)面的，在……對(duì)面 the opposite direction相反的方向 the houses opposite to ours在我們對(duì)面的房子 【活學(xué)活用】 單項(xiàng)填空 I _______________ the plan that we will get through the forest separately. A. against B. be for C，am opposed D. oppose 8. indescribably adv. 難以形容地，無(wú)法描繪地 【思維拓展】 indescribable adj.無(wú)法形容的（通常因?yàn)槊赖昧钊穗y以相信或無(wú)從形容起） describe ①敘述、描寫、形容、記述 Try to describe exactly what happened just before the accident. 請(qǐng)嘗試正確地說(shuō)出在這意外事件之前發(fā)生了什么事。 ②描繪 ③以……形狀進(jìn)行，把……說(shuō)成 The falling star described a long curve in the sky. 流星在天空中出現(xiàn)一道很長(zhǎng)的弧線。 description （n. ）描寫、形容、證明書、種類 give a description of… 描述一下…… all description of goods 形形色色的商品 descriptive adj. 描述的，說(shuō)明的 describable adj. 可描述的，可畫的 【活學(xué)活用】 完成句子 It can’t be described how excited we were when our team scored In the football match. —We were ____________ excited when our team scored in the football match. 9. shaft n. 豎井、通風(fēng)井、一線光、把柄 a mine shaft礦井通風(fēng)道 an axe shaft斧柄 a shaft of sunlight一縷陽(yáng)光 10. shudder v. 震動(dòng)、發(fā)抖、顫栗 She shuddered at the sight of the dead body. 她一見(jiàn)到尸體就顫栗起來(lái)。 【思維拓展】 近義詞tremble，shake. 11. take after（舉止或長(zhǎng)相）像（長(zhǎng)輩） Mary takes after her mother；she is always cheerful. 瑪麗像她的母親，總是樂(lè)呵呵的。 【思維拓展】 take along隨身帶著 take away拿走，帶走。減去。使離去 take back帶回，拿回，認(rèn)錯(cuò) take care（of）小心，照顧 take down拆卸，記下，拿下 take in接受，接待，吸收，領(lǐng)會(huì)，包含，欺騙 take off脫下，起飛 take on呈現(xiàn)，雇用，承擔(dān)、從事 take out取出，帶出 take over接管，接替，借用，承襲 take up拿起，占用，從事，論及，繼續(xù) 【活學(xué)活用】 用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~、副詞填空 （1）Let’s takes _________ the text where we finished yesterday. （2）The peasants took _______ arms to fight against the enemy. （3）I have had my bad tooth taken ___________. （4）Don’t take ___________ too much work. （5）He took his clothes __________ and dove into the river. （6）Our chairman has left. So Peter will take __________ his job. （7）What takes you _________ so early? （8）I’ll take ___________ what I said. 12. have an（enormous）influence on有（很大）影響 A teacher has a great influence on his pupils. 老師對(duì)學(xué)生有很大影響。 under the influence of受影響，受支配 13. to a great extent在很大程度上 I agree with what you say to a great extent. 我大致上同意你所說(shuō)的。 【思維拓展】 to a certain extent在某種程度上 to some extent部分地 to a large extent在很大程度上 14. in detail詳細(xì)地 He explained the project to us in detail. 他詳細(xì)地將該方案向我們進(jìn)行了解釋。 He described the accident that happened on the road in detail. 他把發(fā)生在公路上的事故詳細(xì)地進(jìn)行了描述。 It is impossible to treat this matter in detail in a short lecture. 短短的一節(jié)課要詳細(xì)論述這個(gè)問(wèn)題是不可能的。 【活學(xué)活用】 單項(xiàng)填空 I can’t prove the case yet in ______ but I think there is enough evidence for you to look into it. A. effect B. detail C. surprise D. force 重點(diǎn)句型歸納： 1. Crick ant Watson had found the answer to one of the most important questions of biology—how do living things reproduce themselves? 克里克和沃森找到了生物學(xué)上最重要的問(wèn)題之一——生物如何復(fù)制自己的答案。 （1）名詞answer后的介詞用to，類似的名詞還有key（鑰匙，答案），reply（回答，回信），way（方法），entrance（入口）等。 At last，I received the reply to the letter I had written to the newspaper. 最后，我終于收到了我寫給報(bào)社的信的回信。 Don’t be crowded at the entrance to the meeting-room. 不要在會(huì)議室門口擁擠。 （2）one of the+形容詞的最高級(jí)+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，意為“最……之一”。 The Yangtze River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 長(zhǎng)江是世界上最長(zhǎng)的河流之一。 （3）how引起一個(gè)名詞性從句作one的同位語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明問(wèn)題的內(nèi)容。 He asked me a question why the earth goes around the sun. 他問(wèn)我為什么地球繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。 2. Every cell in our bodies contains our genes which pass the hereditary characteristics on to our children. 我們身體的每個(gè)細(xì)胞都包含著我們的基因。這些基因把我們的遺傳特征傳給孩子們。 （1）pass on to… 傳給……，on表繼續(xù)。 Do you intend to pass this custom on to the younger generation? 你打算將這種風(fēng)俗傳給下一代嗎? （2）every cell是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，但表示復(fù)數(shù)，意指所有，同all cells…. contain， Every one of us should obey the rule. 我們都應(yīng)遵守紀(jì)律。 3. Supposing this information could tell you what illnesses you were likely to get，or even what illness you might die of，would you open the envelope? 假設(shè)這些信息能告訴你，你可能得什么疾病，甚至是你會(huì)死于哪種疾病，你會(huì)打開(kāi)這個(gè)信封嗎? （1）supposing：suppose—if，假使。倘若，引起一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。有時(shí)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，如上句。 Suppose it rains，what’s to be done? 假如天下雨，該怎么辦? Supposing she doesn’t come，we will still go. 要是她不來(lái)，我們還是要去。 Suppose you were the manager of the factory, what would you do? 假設(shè)你是這個(gè)工廠的經(jīng)理，你會(huì)怎么做? 類似用法的詞還有providing; provided；say; let’s say等。 （2）be likely（to do）很可能，常用于兩種結(jié)構(gòu)。 sb. is likely to do. 和It is likely that從句 You were likely to get those illnesses. 可以說(shuō)It was likely that you could get those illnesses. 注意：第二個(gè)句子中l(wèi)ikely可換為probable或possible，但表示的程度不一樣；第一個(gè)句子中的likely不能換。 （3）or even甚或，表進(jìn)一步假設(shè)或說(shuō)明。 They are ready，or even eager to fight. 他們隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備出去，甚或在躍躍欲試。 （4）die of死于……，常用于由內(nèi)因而死，如情感，年老，饑餓，寒冷，生病等，而die from則死因常來(lái)自外部，如食物短缺、事故、工作過(guò)量，粗心及不明原因。 die of hunger／cold／poison／illness／old age／a disease／thirst/sorrow/a fever... die from lack of food/an accident/over work/ carelessness/ drinking/some unknown cause... 4. But the fact is that scientists have already begun to discover how certain genes influence us. 但事實(shí)是，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)開(kāi)始發(fā)現(xiàn)某些基因是如何影響我們的。 The fact is that...事實(shí)是，此時(shí)that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句，也可以說(shuō)In fact或As a matter of fact，然后接句子，還可以說(shuō)It is the fact that... , that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，it是形式主語(yǔ)。 【活學(xué)活用】 句式轉(zhuǎn)換 The fact is that the surface of the earth is round. （1）—____________，the surface of the earth is round. （2）—__________, the surface of the earth is round. （3）—_________________ that the surface of the earth is round. （4）—Most of us know the fact __________ the surface of the earth is round. 5. So，even though scientist may soon be able to describe our genes in detail，it does not mean they will be able to predict our future with any real success. 因此，盡管科學(xué)家會(huì)很快地能夠詳細(xì)描述我們的基因，但那并不意味著他們就會(huì)能夠真正成功地預(yù)言我們的未來(lái)。 even though=even if,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“即使”。 Even though it rains，I will go. 即使下雨，我也要去。 I’ll help you，even if I don’t sleep for a night. 即使我一夜不睡覺(jué)，也要幫助你。 【模擬試題】 單項(xiàng)填空 1. — What’s that unpleasant noise? — Oh, the road before the main gate ___________. A. is repairing B. is being repaired C. is repaired D. has been repaired 2. I’d like to live somewhere ___________ the sun shines all year long. A. which B. that C. where D. in which 3. A baby might show fear of an unfamiliar adult, ___________ he is likely to smile and reach out to another baby. A. and B. or C. so D. but 4. Most students believe that teachers know exactly how to put their compositions __________. A. correct B. straight C. right D. well 5. I ___________ to go for a walk, but someone called and I couldn’t get away. A. was planning B. planned C. had planned D. would plan 6. — According to the agreement, you must finish the work by this month. — Don’t worry. We’re trying hard and it ___________ that long. A. hasn’t lasted B. won’t last C. didn’t last D. doesn’t last 7. When Paul saw the truck coming towards him, he stopped his car to make ___________ for it to pass. A. room B. a move C. an effort D. time 8. In face of ___________ failure, it is the most important to keep up ___________ good state of mind. A. 不填； a B. a ；不填 C. the ；不填 D. 不填； the 9. Neither her father nor her mother would give ___________ permission to buy that CD player. A. his B. their C. her D. one’s 10. ___________ to understand what he doesn’t, he makes a fool of himself. A. Always pretending B. Always pretended C. Having always pretended D. Always being pretended 11. If you ___________ a mistake in reviewing the report, please bring it to my attention. A. come along B. come across C. come around D. come about 12. The project is designed in this way and once ___________, nothing can be done to change it. A. starts B. starting C. started D. having started 13. — Your book, Tommy? — No, Mom, it’s my friend’s. — Remember to return it to ___________ name is on it. A. what B. which C. whose D. whosever 14. None of them had expected that the middle-aged engineer died ___________ his design uncompleted. A. with B. from C. without D. of 15. — ___________ I stay with you? — Well, I would rather you ___________ me alone for a while. A. Will; leave B. Shall; leave C. Will; left D. Shall; left 完形填空 One day, an expert in time management was speaking to a group of students. To drive his ___16___ home, he used an illustration （演示） those students will never ___17___. “Okay, now watch carefully”, and then he pulled out a wide-mouth jar and set it on the ___18___ in front of him. He also ___19___ about a dozen fist-sized rocks and carefully ___20___ them, one at a time, into the jar. When the jar was filled to the ___21___ and no more rocks would ___22___ inside, he asked, “Is this jar full?” Everyone in the class answered, “Yes.” The expert replied, “Really?” He ___23___ under the table and pulled out a bucket of small stones. He dropped some ___24___ and then asked the group once more, “Is the jar full?” By this time the class was on to him. “___25___” one of them answered carefully. “Good!” he replied, and then brought out a bucket of sand. He started dumping (dropping) the sand in the jar and it ___26___ into all of the ___27___ left between the rocks and the small stones. ___28___ he asked the question, “Is this jar full?” “No!” the class shouted. “Good.” Then he looked at the class and asked, “What is the point of this illustration?” One ___29___ student raised his hand and said, “The point is, no matter how ___30___ your schedule （時(shí)間表） is, if you ___31___ really hard you can always fit some more things in it!” “___32___.” the speaker replied. “That’s not the point. The ___33___ this illustration teaches us is: If you don’t put the big rocks in first, you’ll never get them in ___34___.” What are the ‘big rocks’ in your ___35___? Then, put those in your jar first. 16. （ ）A. time B. point C. example D. speech 17. （ ）A. understand B. remember C. realize D. forget 18. （ ）A. board B. chair C. floor D. table 19. （ ）A. shaped B. formed C. produced D. performed 20. （ ）A. dropped B. threw C. drew D. placed 21. （ ）A. surface B. edge C. top D. end 22. （ ）A. fix B. fit C. fill D. feed 23. （ ）A. reached B. extended C. fetched D. inched 24. （ ）A. off B. down C. out D. in 25. （ ）A. No way B. Probably not C. Of course D. Certainly is 26. （ ）A. entered B. broke C. went D. came 27. （ ）A. spaces B. areas C. places D. rooms 28. （ ）A. Once or twice B. Once more C. All at once D. Once in a while 29. （ ）A. nervous B. impatient C. anxious D. eager 30. （ ）A. full B. whole C. entire D. thorough 31. （ ）A. work B. try C. think D. act 32. （ ）A. Maybe B. Never C. Okay D. No 33. （ ）A. means B. fact C. truth D. reality 34. （ ）A. after all B. above all C. at all D. and all 35. （ ）A. life B. time C. way D. year 閱讀理解 A It’s eleven o’clock, and Mr. Sims has just asked the class to pay attention for the fiftieth time while he explained a math problem. Carson Webster is sitting over by the window trying to listen to the teacher, but his mind is not on the problem Mr. Sims is discussing. Carson’s mind is on a little mouse named Millie that is busily moving around in his pocket. Millie is not very happy. At breakfast, she had climbed into Carson’s pocket and gone to sleep while Carson ate two pieces of bread and read the newspaper. Carson had forgotten Millie was there until he was halfway in class. Now that Millie’s morning sleep was over, she was ready to exercise. Lucky for Carson, Millie was in a pocket with a button or he might be in serious trouble. “Carson?” Mr. Sims, who was usually rather strict with his students, was suddenly looking at Carson with his eyes wide open, rolling his stick in his hand. Carson had to pay attention. “Could you please repeat the question?” said Carson, feeling his pocket. “I asked if you would agree with the statement,” said Mr. Sims pleasantly. “Well, I’m not really attentive at the moment,” said Carson. “I think I would need to give it more consideration.” Carson did not have the slightest idea as to what Mr. Sims was talking about. “I see,” said Mr. Sims seriously, “Then I guess you’re uncertain about whether the product of zero by any other number is always zero?” “Oh, I know that,” said Carson, who could feel himself turning red as a couple of kids including Bob began to laugh. He knew his punishment would come soon. To his surprise, however, the teacher didn’t seem angry. “I’m so glad,” said Mr. Sims, turning back to the blackboard. “Oh, and by the way, Carson,” he continued, “I think a cage would be a healthier place for your little friend. Would you agree with that statement?” Just at that time, Millie let out a weak but clear cry and stuck her head out of Carson’s pocket. “Yes,” Carson said with a smile. “I would totally agree with that statement!” 36. Which of the following is NOT a person’s name? A. Carson. B. Sims. C. Millie. D. Bob. 37. Which of the following statements is true according to the story? A. Bob was not the only student who laughed at Carson. B. The little mouse escaped from Carson’s pocket in class. C. Mr. Sims was too anxious to satisfy his students in class. D. When Carson was in class, Millie was fast asleep in his pocket. 38. What do you think of Mr. Sims after reading the story? A. He always gave his students punishment when they make trouble. B. He was a teacher who was not only strict but also humorous. C. He liked to ask his students to repeat what he said in class. D. He was a teacher who was always kind to his students. B The man who brings my milk used to knock for his money for the week’s milk while I was eating breakfast on Saturday morning. Just lately he has been arriving before I get up. Workforce shortages mean that four men are sharing five rounds, so he has to start earlier. Delivering milk to people’s homes is hardly good business, especially when the customer may have a choice of two or three firms serving a single road. In spite of my local difficulties, however, labor troubles are not as great as a few years ago. There are enough men prepared to make an early morning start for the sake of an open-air job with a fair measure of freedom. If they did stop calling, women would find it hard work to collect all the milk they need from self-service stores. Dairies （乳品業(yè)） know that stopping deliveries in the United States resulted in falling sales. Marketing ideas have included introducing extra lines, in addition to dairy products, which the milkmen can carry to increase business. One dairyman said, “It won’t be long before the milkman delivers more bread than milk.” Some milkmen deliver potatoes, and it seems as though variety will be limited only by the size of the trucks. So the milkman is likely to remain a familiar figure, and the dairy products he sells are unlikely to change very much in this decade. Flavored （味道） milk is popular on the Continent. In Britain those who like it buy plain milk and add their own flavoring. Even