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111 外研版 選修6 模塊2 Language points語言點(diǎn)講解 1. She came out of a garden to where Will was standing．她從花園出來，來到威爾站立的地方。 句中where引導(dǎo)的是介詞的賓語從句。例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 2. Still watching，Will saw the cat behave strangely. 威爾定睛看過去，看見那只貓行為怪異。 Still watching是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，表示伴隨。分詞做狀語時，它的邏輯主語與句子的主語一致，作狀語的分詞相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句。 例如： Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word. The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. 3. Then she leapt back，with her tail held up．然后她向后跳了跳，尾巴翹的老高。 句中with引導(dǎo)的with獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)一：with ＋名詞（代詞）＋介詞短語，He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand．他手托下巴，坐在那兒沉思。結(jié)構(gòu)二： with ＋名詞（代詞）＋形容詞，He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open．他張大嘴巴凝視著他的朋友。結(jié)構(gòu)三：with ＋名詞（代詞）＋副詞，With production up by 60％, the company has had another excellent year．產(chǎn)量上升了60％, 公司又是一個好年景。結(jié)構(gòu)四： with ＋名詞（代詞）＋名詞，She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion．她從前總愛在晚上坐著看書，她的寵物狗便是她唯一的伙伴。結(jié)構(gòu)五：with ＋名詞（代詞）＋現(xiàn)在分詞，She stood there chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her．她站在那兒跟朋友閑聊，孩子在旁邊玩。結(jié)構(gòu)六：with ＋名詞（代詞）＋過去分詞，“I think we can leave with our heads held high,” Eriksson said．“我認(rèn)為我們可以高昂著頭離開，”艾里克松說。結(jié)構(gòu)七：with ＋名詞（代詞）＋不定式，With 10 minutes to go, you’d better hurry．還有十分鐘，你最好快一點(diǎn)。 4. When it had gone past he crossed the road, keeping his eyes on the place where the cat had vanished. 它過去后，他跨過馬路，看作貓消失的地方。 句中where引導(dǎo)的是表示地點(diǎn)的定語從句。在定語從句中，用where還是which主要看它在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謥頉Q定的。where在定語從句中用來指地點(diǎn)，作狀語，其先行詞都是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。如：This is the room where his elder brother once lived．這是他大哥曾經(jīng)住過的房間。This summer I want to go to Hangzhou，where there is a beautiful lake． 這個夏天我想去杭州，那里有個美麗的湖。并非先行詞表示地點(diǎn)時都用where，若表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語，須用which或that。例如：This is the room which／that his elder brother once lived in．（先行詞the room作lived in的賓語）This summer I want to go to Hangzhou，which has a beautiful lake．（先行詞Hangzhou作主語，因為是非限制性定語從句，不用that引導(dǎo)）另外，where引導(dǎo)的定語從句可用“介詞＋which”替換，其中的介詞根據(jù)先行詞或從句謂語動詞來決定。where相當(dāng)于“in／at／on等＋which”。例如：This is the hall where／in which the medical conference will be held．這是醫(yī)學(xué)會議將要在此召開的大廳。This is the farm where／on which they used to live．這是他們過去住過的農(nóng)場。 5. It looked as if someone had cut a patch out of the air, about two metres from the edge of the road. 似乎有人在空中切出了一塊天地，距離路邊大約兩米遠(yuǎn)。 句中as if 引導(dǎo)的是虛擬語氣。由as if/as though 引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣， 與過去事實相反，as if/as though謂語動詞用had done；與現(xiàn)在事實相反 as if/as though謂語動詞用did， 例如：He talks about Rome as if he had been there himself.談?wù)撈鹆_馬來就像他去過似的。He orders me as though I were his wife.他向我發(fā)號施令就好像我是他的妻子似的。 虛擬語氣考點(diǎn)分析 課文It looked as if someone had cut a patch out of the air, about two metres from the edge of the road. 一句中as if 引導(dǎo)的是虛擬語氣。而虛擬語氣是歷年高考的選考考點(diǎn)。請看： 1.---- Don't you think it necessary that he _______ to Miami but to New York? ---- I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to. A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what 【解題關(guān)鍵】第二空要填一個引導(dǎo)表語從句的連詞，答案只能從a和b中選。而necessary后面要接虛擬語氣，所以答案是B。 2.—Can you come to attend our party tonight? —Sorry, but I do wish I ____. A. had B. can C. will D. could 【解題關(guān)鍵】 解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要理清上下文語境，準(zhǔn)確判斷wish引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)的使用。 【答案解析】分析上下文語境可以知道，wish引導(dǎo)的賓語從句表示與將來事實相反的愿望，故應(yīng)用would，could+動詞原形。答案D。 3. It is necessary that people both young and old in China ____some English to be prepared for the Olympic Games to be held in Beijing in 2008. A. learn B. will learn C. must learn D. have learned 【解題關(guān)鍵】 解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要注意在句型It is necessary(strange, natural, important...)+從句中，從句中謂語動詞虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)的使用。 【答案解析】在句型 It is necessary(strange, natural, important...)+從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句中謂語動詞要用"should+動詞原形"構(gòu)成，should 可以省略。答案A。 4. If he his legs in the last training, he the coming World Cup, which he has been longing to compete in. A. hadn’t hurt; would join in B. hadn’t hurt; would have taken part in C. didn’t hurt; would go in for D. didn’t hurt; would have taken part in 【解題關(guān)鍵】 解答該題的關(guān)鍵是根據(jù)句子意思準(zhǔn)確推斷出主從句中謂語動詞虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)的使用，特別注意主從句動作所發(fā)生的時間不一致性的關(guān)系。 【答案解析】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以知道，該題是由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，分析句意，該句表示一種假設(shè)，從句中的動作是在過去發(fā)生，即表示與過去事實相反，主句的動作是在將來發(fā)生，即表示與將來事實相反，故從句謂語動詞用had done，主句用would (could, might) +動詞原形。答案A。 5. I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour, otherwise I ____you waiting for such a long time. A. will not keep B. have not kept C. had not kept D. would not have kept 【解題關(guān)鍵】 解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要把握otherwise表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義后的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語氣的使用。 【答案解析】根據(jù)句子意義，otherwise 前的分句為客觀事實，使用的為一般過去時，而otherwise 后一分句則表示與過去事實相反的一種假設(shè)，句中實際省略了if 條件句if I hadn’t been caught...故選項部分應(yīng)為與過去事實相反的主句虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)選 wouldn’t have kept。答案D。 6. Though the girl had been suffering from the blood disease, she acted as if nothing ____ to her while facing her friends and relations. A. happened B. would happen C. was happened D. had happened 【解題關(guān)鍵】 解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要準(zhǔn)確判斷as if引導(dǎo)的從句中虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)的使用。 【答案解析】在as if ，as though 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句中，從句謂語動詞要用虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)題干中動詞所使用的時態(tài)可以看出，選項部分是表示與過去事實相反的動作，要用had + 過去分詞構(gòu)成。答案 D。 7. It’s high time that we students _____ even harder at our lessons as the national entrance examination is coming nearer. A. work B. will work C. worked D. have to work 【解題關(guān)鍵】 解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要注意在句型It’s time that...結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)的使用。 【答案解析】在It is time that ...句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句的謂語動詞要用虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)，可以用一般過去時，也可以用should +動詞原形，但should不可省略。答案 C。 8. ____him not to do so, he wouldn’t have made such a serious mistake. A. Did I persuade B. If I persuade C. If I should persuade D. Had I persuade 【解題關(guān)鍵】 解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要把握在虛擬條件句中，省略if時，句子結(jié)構(gòu)的使用。 【答案解析】題干中主句的謂語動詞使用了wouldn’t have made， 說明該動作表示與過去事實相反，故條件句使用表示與過去事實相反的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)if sb. had+過去分詞，或使用 had sb. done 即省略了if的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)。答案D。 9. His suggestion that you ____once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tried C. must try D. can try 【解題關(guān)鍵】 解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要注意把握在表示"建議、命令、要求"等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句中，虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)的使用。 【答案解析】分析句子意思可以知道，名詞suggestion之后的從句為同位語從句，從句中應(yīng)使用 "should+動詞原形"。其中 should 可以省略。答案A。 10.—Do you mind if we set out earlier tomorrow morning? —Well, I’d rather you____. A. don’t B. didn’t C. won’t D. wouldn’t 【解題關(guān)鍵】 解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要注意would rather后從句中虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)的使用。 【答案解析】would rather后的從句，如果從句的謂語動詞表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾矗Ｓ靡话氵^去時，如果與過去事實相反，用過去完成時。該題根據(jù)上下文語境可以知道，選項部分的動作是與將來事實相反，故應(yīng)使用一般過去時。答案 B。 11.—I ____ to your birthday party last Sunday. —Unfortunately, you were out on business. A. had come B. came C. would come D. would have come 【解題關(guān)鍵】 解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要根據(jù)上下文語境，準(zhǔn)確推斷出部分虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)的使用。 【答案解析】根據(jù)對話情景可知，答句Unfortunately, you were out on business.（不幸的是你出差了）實際上是上一句暗示的條件。從答句所給的特定的動詞時態(tài)（一般過去時）來看，上句所說內(nèi)容是對過去情況的假設(shè)，故暗示的條件句應(yīng)為If I hadn’t been out on business，由此可見，選項部分為主句的謂語動詞，表示與過去事實相反，應(yīng)選用would have come。答案 D。 111