111Unit 4 Earthquakes 核心單詞1. burst vt. & vi. (burst, bursting)爆炸；脹裂；突然而起；闖入；充滿；滿盈；n. 突然破裂；爆發(fā)聯(lián)想拓展burst out 迸發(fā)；突然發(fā)作；突然起來burst open推開；忽然打開； 裂開burst through沖開；沖破；撥開burst in upon打斷(談話等)；突然出現(xiàn)； 突然到達burst in/ into闖入； 突然出現(xiàn)； 突然起來； 突然發(fā)作另外，burst into后接名詞時可表示不同的意義：burst into laughter突然大笑起來burst into tears突然大哭起來burst into cheers突然歡呼起來burst out后接動名詞也表示同樣的意思burst out laughing/crying 突然大笑/哭起來高手過招單項填空Every time he thought of his past, he couldnt help bursting .(2010·濟南一模)A. when; out tears B. that; into cryingC. which; into tears D. /; out crying解析：選D。burst out后接v.-ing形式，every time 相當(dāng)于連詞，引導(dǎo)狀語從句。故選D。2. event n. 事件；大事；比賽項目The new book was the cultural event of the year.這本新書的出版是今年文化界的大事。Coming events cast their shadows before.未來之事先有征兆。The next event will be the 100-metre race.下一個比賽項目是100米賽跑。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：at all events 無論怎樣in any event 無論如何in the event of 萬一；倘若In the event of rain, the game will be postponed.要是下雨，球賽就延期。易混辨析occurrence/event/incident/accidentoccurrence系常用詞, 指“任何發(fā)生的事件”。event 指“有重要意義的歷史事件、重大事件”。incident指“事件”, 尤指“比較不重要的小事件”。accident指“意外事故”。高手過招單項填空The National Day and the International Labour Day are great in our country.(2010·河南鎮(zhèn)平二輪)A. things B. incidentsC. accidents D. eventsHow many are going to be held in this Summer Olympic Games?(2010·江蘇啟東一輪)A. accidents B. incidentsC. events D. sports 解析：選D。考查詞義辨析。things是普通用詞，指“情況；狀況”；incident意為“事情；發(fā)生的事（常指小事）”；accident意為“事故”，強調(diào)未預(yù)料到的事情；event的意為“事件”，多指大事件。解析：選C?？疾樵~義辨析。accident意為“事故”，指沒有料到的惡性事件。incident指“事件”，多指不是很重要的事情。event多指“政治性的事件”，尤指大事。event也可以指（體育運動中的）比賽項目。3. rescuen.&vt. 援救，營救常用結(jié)構(gòu)：rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把從營救出來come to/ go to sbs rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人 a rescue team 救援隊a rescue mission 救援任務(wù) rescue workers 救援人員The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river. 警察來救他，把他從河里拉了出來。The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake. 營救隊在這次地震期間進行了無數(shù)次救援。Michael rescued a boy from drowning. 邁克爾把溺水的男孩救了起來。高手過招用rescue的適當(dāng)形式填空（原創(chuàng)）The mother, along with her two children, from the sinking boat by a passing ship.The firemen five children from the burning house yesterday. has been rescued rescued4. judge n. 法官；鑒賞家；裁判vt.判斷；估計His father used to be a judge. 他的父親過去是一名法官。Shes a good judge of wine. 她是鑒別酒的專家。The blind cant judge colours. 盲人無法判斷顏色。Dont judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。聯(lián)想拓展judgment n.判斷，辨別力judge sb./ sth. by/from 通過判斷as far as I judge 我認為judging from.從來看， 根據(jù)判斷Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man.從他所說的話來看，他是個誠實的人。 高手過招(1)單項填空 the hat he , the old man is a farmer.(2010·山東日照檢測)A. Judging from; is wearingB. Judging by; is having on C. To judge by; puttingD. Judged by; is putting （2）用judge的適當(dāng)形式填空（原創(chuàng)） from his appearance, he must be a rich man.In her , he must be from the south.(1)解析：選A。judging from為固定搭配，此處judging不與the old man形成邏輯主動或被動關(guān)系。wear, have on, dress都有“穿，戴”的意思，但搭配和意義不同。wear和have on都可以表示“穿著”的狀態(tài)，然而have on沒有進行時態(tài)；dress可以作及物和不及物動詞，作不及物動詞時意為“穿衣”，作及物動詞時賓語是人。(2)Judging judgment5. ruin vt. 毀壞；毀滅。既可指實際的東西，也可指抽象的東西。n.U毀壞；毀滅 C（常用作復(fù)數(shù)）廢墟聯(lián)想拓展in ruins嚴重損壞；破敗不堪；落空bring come to ruin使某人失敗；使傾家蕩產(chǎn)bring ruin upon oneself自取滅亡fall/go to ruin毀滅, 滅亡; 崩潰; 破壞掉 ruin oneself毀掉自己易混辨析 destroy/ruin/damage/harmdestroy 表示在肉體上、精神上或道義上的徹底摧毀，使之無法恢復(fù)，也可以表示對某物體進行完全的毀壞。ruin一般指對物體或生命徹底的破壞，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次性打擊的結(jié)果，常指對美好的或希望中的事物的破壞。damage 一般指對物體或生命的局部損傷，使整體的價值或作用降低或變得無價值、無作用。這種損傷可以是暴力的或一次性破壞的結(jié)果，也可以指非暴力的長期損害的結(jié)果。harm 一般指傷害有生命的東西，常指傷及人的健康、權(quán)利、事業(yè)等。What he faced ruined his hope. 他所面對的使他的希望破滅了。The whole city was destroyed in the earthquake. 整個城市在地震中被毀掉了。Laziness will ruin ones prospects. 懶惰會使人自毀前程。We wanted to have a look at the ruins of Pompeii.我們想看一下龐貝城的廢墟。They managed to repair the houses that had been damaged. 他們設(shè)法修復(fù)了受到破壞的房子。高手過招單項填空I was by that law case. Im a man. (2010·11·西安月考)A. ruined; ruined B. ruined; destroyingC. damaged; destroyed D. destroyed; damagingMany old temples ruins are now being rebuilt. （原創(chuàng)）A. on B. by C. with D. in解析：選A。句意為：我被那場官司搞得傾家蕩產(chǎn)，不名一文。ruin常用于借喻中，指損壞到了不能再使用的程度；damage不能指人，只指物；destroy指完全徹底地破壞，含有無法修復(fù)之意，也可用于借喻。第二個空應(yīng)用過去分詞作定語，表被動和完成之意。解析：選D。in ruins為固定搭配，意為“處于頹廢狀態(tài)”。6. buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；使沉浸于聯(lián)想拓展be buried alive 被活埋be buried under 為所壓倒；沉浸于,忙于bury (oneself) in 埋頭于；專心于；退居于(鄉(xiāng)間等)=be buried inbury ones head in the sand自欺欺人，逃避現(xiàn)實（來自鴕鳥的習(xí)性）The house was half buried under snow.房子一半被埋在雪中。If you continue to bury your head in the sand and refuse to recognize the fact that some of your classmates are catching up with you, it wont be long before you find yourself left behind.如果你再拒絕承認你的一些同班同學(xué)已經(jīng)趕上來了這一事實，那么不用多久，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己落后了。 高手過招選詞填空（burying/buried）（原創(chuàng)）I have a sigh, my head in my hands.buried 重點短語7. right away 立刻，馬上Ill return the book to you right away. 我會馬上還書給你。If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away.如果戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)，我們將立即被征召服役。聯(lián)想拓展right now=at once=immediately=in no time立刻，馬上 (1)解析：選D?？疾槎陶Z辨析。in no time意為“片刻之后”，而in a flash意為“片刻之間”。(2)I want it typed right away, please.8. think of認為；考慮聯(lián)想拓展think poorly of不放在眼里；輕視 think twice 再三考慮think little/nothing of輕視；忽略think much/highly of重視；看重，評價高What do you think of .?認為怎么樣？think about考慮；回想；想起think of考慮；記憶，記起think sth. over仔細想；謹慎思考；作進一步考慮think sth. out認真考慮；仔細盤算think sth. up想出，發(fā)明The government thinks highly of his invention because it will benefit the whole country. 政府非常重視他的發(fā)明，因為它將有益于全國人民。The foolish boss thought little of my suggestions on that project.那個愚蠢的老板根本就不重視我對那項工程的建議。He is thinking about travelling in the summer holidays. 他正在考慮暑假旅游的事。I cant think of his name at the moment. 我一時想不起他的名字。Please think over what I said. 請仔細考慮我說的話。 He thought out a new idea. 他盤算出了一個新主意。高手過招單項填空How did you think such a clever way out of difficulty? （原創(chuàng)）A. over B. about C. up D. onCan you a way of solving the problem? （原創(chuàng)）A. discover B. invent up C. think up D. invent解析：選C。句意為：你怎樣想出如此明智的辦法擺脫困境？其他選項與think搭配無“想出”之意。解析：選C。think up在這里相當(dāng)于think of，意為“考慮，思考”。9. at an end 結(jié)束，終結(jié)（= finish）聯(lián)想拓展end n.&v. 結(jié)事，終結(jié)與end搭配的常用短語 at the end of在末尾by the end of到末為止in the end最后，終于at a loose end無所事事；處于雜亂狀態(tài)make ends meet收支相抵The war was finally at an end.戰(zhàn)爭終于結(jié)束了。by the end of in the end at the end of10. instead of 代替，而不是The Chinese use chopsticks instead of knives and forks.中國人不用刀叉,用筷子。Instead of working, Jack was idling away his time.杰克不去工作,虛度著光陰。She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday.她決定星期日而不是星期一離開這里。易混辨析instead/instead of/in place of/take the place ofinstead 是副詞，單獨使用，用于句首或句末作狀語，意為“而是，相反”。instead of 是復(fù)合介詞，后接名詞、代詞、或動名詞，意為“代替、而不”。in place of 為介詞短語，也是“代替、而不”的意思，表示“以甲代乙”，而instead of則是“用甲不用乙”，除“代替”外，還有對乙否定的意思，有時意為“不”。take the place of (replace)作謂語，用在名詞、代詞前。高手過招單項填空I think we should buy a new curtain this one.Yes. It looks a bit ugly .(2010·江西贛州一輪)A. to replace; as it isB. to in place of; now C. to take the place of; as it was D. instead of; than that oneWe will go there on foot by bus. What about you? (2010·11·福建福州月考)A. instead B. instead of C. without D. but 解析：選A。to replace為不定式作目的狀語。as it is意為“現(xiàn)在的樣子”。解析：選B。 instead of意為“用一種形式代替另一種形式”。C項有一定干擾性，without意為“在沒有的情況下”，因此不合題意。11. the number of意為“的數(shù)量、數(shù)目”，作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)；a number of意為“一些，很多”，相當(dāng)于 many, 后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，當(dāng)它作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The number of competitors is limit.參賽者的數(shù)量是有限的。A number of problems have arisen. 已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了一些問題。a large /great/good number of；a great/good many;a good few/quite a few+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，意為“大量的”；a great/good deal; a great/ large amount of; quite a little+ 不可數(shù)名詞，意為“大量的”；a lot of/lots of; a great /large quantity of; large quantities of/ plenty of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞均可，意為“大量的”。但是a great/large quantity of ., large quantities of .作主語時謂語動詞與quantity形式一致。高手過招單項填空During the past two years, the number of automobile accidents in New York City decreased.(2010·11·山東煙臺月考)A. have B. has C. was D. were 解析：選B。the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，其主語是number，故謂語動詞用單數(shù)，意為“的數(shù)量”。重點句型12. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 農(nóng)家大院里的雞，甚至豬都緊張得不吃食?！皌oo + adj./adv.+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)簡稱為“too . to”結(jié)構(gòu)，在大多數(shù)情況下表示否定意義，通常可意為“太而不能;太無法”?！皌oo .to”結(jié)構(gòu)表示否定的常見句型有：too +adj./adv. + to do，有時too后也可跟一個起形容詞作用的過去分詞。too . to/to be done形式。這是“too .to”結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式為被動式時的變體，如果主語是不定式動作的承受者，不定式既可以用主動式，也可以用被動式，此時用主動式雖然在形式上是主動的，但在意義上卻是被動的。too + adj. + a (an) + n.+ to + v./to be done形式。這個句型在too+ adj.后再接一個帶不定冠詞的名詞，不定冠詞一定要放置于形容詞后。與此同時，只有當(dāng)too后形容詞修飾一個可數(shù)名詞時，才可以在形容詞與名詞間加不定冠詞“a/an”。當(dāng)句子主語能發(fā)出該不定式的動作時，可以用to + v.的主動式，當(dāng)主語是該不定式動作的承受者時，則用to be + v.-ed的被動式。溫馨提示并不是所有“too .to”結(jié)構(gòu)的句子都表示否定意義，在下列情況下，“too .to”結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示肯定意義： “too .to”結(jié)構(gòu)之前帶有but, only, all, never, not時，是強調(diào)肯定的表示法，意為“非常，十分，實在，真是太”等?！皌oo .to”結(jié)構(gòu)中帶有表示某種心情或描繪性的形容詞或副詞，如ready，eager, satisfied, kind, willing, easy, anxious等加動詞不定式結(jié)合成一個不可分割的狀態(tài)、態(tài)度、傾向或心情等，并且其后的不定式不是說明too的具體內(nèi)容，而是修飾形容詞，故不定式不再表示結(jié)果。在“too .to”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式為否定式時，是構(gòu)成的雙重否定，其意為“非常/很/太/那么不會不/必定能/所以能”，也不表示否定意義。 I，m too tired to think of anything now.我太累了，什么也不能想了。 The tea is too hot to drink/to be drunk. 茶太熱，不能喝。The shoes are too badly broken to be mended.這些鞋子破爛得不能修補。 He，s too experienced an artist to mind what the critics say. (As an artist he，s too experienced to mind what the critics say.)他是個經(jīng)驗非常豐富的藝術(shù)家，不會介意批評家說些什么。 He is too experienced an artist to be worried by what the critics say.他是一個經(jīng)驗非常豐富的藝術(shù)家，不至于為批評家們的議論而擔(dān)憂。I am but too glad to do so. 我非常喜歡這樣做。 He was too anxious to do this job. 他非常想做這件工作。 The girl is too careful not to do it well.這姑娘很細心，完全能做好那件事。高手過招單項填空He seems tired to do it. But I am only glad to do it.(2010·江蘇常州一輪)A. very; too B. extremely; tooC. too; too D. very; very解析：選C。第一空為too .to 太而不能，第二空前有only所以too .to強調(diào)肯定，意為“非常、十分”。13. It seemed as if the world was at an end! 仿佛到了世界末日！聯(lián)想拓展as if=as though意為“仿佛，像，似乎”。通常用在be，look，seem，sound，taste，smell及feel等連系動詞的后面。如果表示真實情況應(yīng)該用陳述語氣；如果表示非真實情況則應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣, 其謂語動詞的虛擬式與wish后面賓語從句中謂語動詞的虛擬式相同。引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句時也要用虛擬語氣。注意：as if (though)后面除了跟句子外，還可以跟名詞、動詞不定式、形容詞(短語)、介詞短語和分詞。另外，as if (though)還可以表達感嘆語氣，來對某項建議、假設(shè)和推測表示不贊成、驚訝、不滿和厭惡等。How wild his white hair looked as if it had been electrified! 他的白發(fā)十分凌亂，好像觸了電似的。(虛擬語氣)She seems as if she is going to cry. 她似乎要哭了。(陳述事實)As if anyone would believe that story！好像有人竟會相信那樣的事！As if we were all stupid and he alone clever！哼，就仿佛我們都是傻瓜，只有他一個人聰明似的。He raised his hand as if to take off his hat.他舉起他的手，好像要取下帽子。He behaved as if nothing had happened.他表現(xiàn)的好像什么也沒發(fā)生。 高手過招（1）單項填空Will you go to the exhibition tomorrow?Yes, I will go it，s windy.(2010·11·山東濱州月考)A. as if B. even thoughC. as soon as D. as though（2）翻譯句子（原創(chuàng)）你像是見了鬼似的。這個男孩向四周察看，像在尋找什么東西。 (1)解析：選B。even though相當(dāng)于even if，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“即使”；as if（though）引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句；as soon as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。(2)You looked as if you had seen a ghostThe boy looked about as if in search of something14. All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破滅了。all, both, each, every, everyone, everything, always, whole, wholly, entirely, altogether等具有總括意義的詞后跟否定詞not連用時，一般都表示部分否定，其中all, both, each, every無論在not之前還是之后，都表示部分否定。但如果句子中出現(xiàn)下列單詞或短語則該句為全部否定：none of+n./pron.; neither+n./pron.; no+n.; nothing；nobody；neither；never；nowhere；neither . nor等。All that glitters is not gold. 發(fā)光的不一定都是金子。Not all body languages mean the same thing in different countries. 并非所有的肢體語言在不同的國家里都有相同的意思。Each machine here is not produced in our plant.這里的機器不全是我們廠生產(chǎn)的。高手過招單項填空We couldnt eat in a restaurant because of us had money on us. （原創(chuàng)）A. all; no B. any; noC. none; any D. no one; any 解析：選C。考查全部否定。句意為：因為我們大家身上都沒帶錢，所以不能在飯店里吃飯。故選C項。111