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111 Module 5 Cloning Part One: Teaching Design Period 4: Speaking and writing Goals To learn to read and write about cloning Procedures ▇ Reading about arguments against cloning Hello, class. Are you for or against cloning? Let's look at the arguments generally offered against cloning. I believe they can be fairly summarized as follows: ●Clones will be grown to produce "spare parts" for other people, or to be used for medical research. Thus, clones -- who will be, of course, human beings -- will be treated as disposable property, with fewer rights than any slave, bred and killed for the benefit of others. ●By making a copy of a person, cloning robs people of their individuality. ●By creating a person through an artificial process, cloning is "playing God", trying to replace the process created by God with one of our own invention. ●Some number of babies -- embryos, if you prefer -- created by cloning will die because of technical problems in the process, and more will be killed deliberately because they are imperfect. Thus, cloning will inevitably result in the death of innocent babies. ■Talking about cloning Work in pairs to discuss cloning according to the ideas you read just now. Cloning for parts A: What is your opinion about cloning for parts? B: I certainly agree that it is wrong to kill someone so that you can "harvest" his body parts, whether that person is an adult, a child, or an embryo. C: So will you join with anyone who condemns using a cloned human being as a piece of property. B: Yes, I will. A: But ... people can and have treated others as property -- we call it "slavery" -- for millenia, and to date none of these victims have been cloned. C: I think treating people as property and killing them for your convenience are terrible evils, but these things happened before anybody thought of cloning, and they will, sadly but surely, continue to happen whether cloning becomes a reality or not. B: Still I am strongly against cloning for parts for treatment. C: Cloning is not acceptable to me. B: I suppose if hundreds or thousands of clones of the same person were created, this could become a bigger issue. A: Then why clone? C: So what are the benefits? Why create a clone anyway? B: I am hard pressed to think of a good reason to support cloning. A: Is cloning immoral in principle? B: I say no. C: Is cloning immoral, as it is being pursued today? B: For the most part, I say yes. Most of the reasons given are immoral or unwise. D: Are there moral applications of cloning? B: Probably, but I'm hard pressed to name any clearly beneficial applications. A: Is more research a good idea? B: Sure, almost always. I hasten to add, as long as it is pursued in a moral, ethical manner. ■ Writing a paragraph about cloning Are you for or against human cloning? Now write a short paragraph to give your reasons for or against human cloning. My Reasons to Ban All Human Cloning Cloning endangers women. Research cloning requires the harvesting of millions of eggs from women. The egg harvesting process is harmful to women. Women would be placed at a higher risk for various kinds of cancers, and other health illnesses. Egg harvesting also exploits women by treating them as mere egg-making machines, and creating a massive market for eggs and egg donors that would take advantage of poor, disadvantaged women. Research cloning is unnecessary for medical progress. Although cloning scientists say that cloning research will lead to miracle cures, not a single patient is currently being treated using such research. Only a ban on all cloning is effective. In my opinion it would be almost impossible to put a stop only on reproductive cloning. If cloned human embryos can be produced in labs, there would be no way to make sure they were not put in women and brought to birth. Funding research cloning is irresponsible. There is limited money for research. The money for research should not be wasted on cloning. There is far more important research that needs money. Reproductive cloning damages the family. I think reproductive cloning would confuse family relationships. A cloned child would have only one parent. Would the clone be the person's child or sibling? Cloning could mean more children would grow up in single-parent family, without the benefit of married parents. We need good science. Business and science, like every other human effort, must be good in nature. I am for banning all cloning. I don’t like to see the cloning of human beings. Most countries oppose all human cloning. I support a ban on both reproductive and research cloning. Many countries and international organizations, including Germany, Switzerland, and China, have banned all human cloning. 111