Part Using language簡單句的五種基本句型【思維導(dǎo)圖】一、基本特征感悟(主語“_”；謂語“”；賓語“”；賓補(bǔ)“”)【感悟用法】She agreed.她同意了。He wrote a long letter.他寫了一封長信。I passed him a book.我遞給他一本書。His_words made me a lot more relaxed.他的話使我放松了很多。I was embarrassed.我感到尷尬?！咀晕铱偨Y(jié)】1.句為主語謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，其中作謂語的動詞為不及物動詞。2.句為主語謂語賓語結(jié)構(gòu)，其中作謂語的動詞為及物動詞。3.句為主語謂語雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)，其中指物的名詞作直接賓語，指人的名詞或代詞作間接賓語。4.句為主語謂語賓語賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，其中賓語補(bǔ)足語對賓語進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。5.句為主語系動詞表語結(jié)構(gòu)，其中系動詞不能表達(dá)完整的意思。二、主要用法精講1.主語(subject )謂語(verb)句型特點(diǎn)：謂語動詞是不及物動詞，本身能表達(dá)完整的意思，后面不需接賓語，但有時(shí)可接副詞、介詞短語等作狀語。The_rain stopped.雨停了。The_time passed quickly.時(shí)間過得很快。The_old_man walks in the park every morning.那個老人每天早上在公園里散步。2.主語(subject )謂語(verb)賓語(object)句型特點(diǎn)：謂語動詞是及物動詞，不能表達(dá)完整的意思，其后必須要接一個賓語，即動作的承受者。作賓語的可以是：名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、疑問詞動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式和從句。We are learning English.我們正在學(xué)習(xí)英語。I dont know him.我不認(rèn)識他。I like to stay at home on Sundays.星期天我喜歡待在家里。I dont know how to get there.我不知道怎么去那兒。3.主語(subject)謂語(verb)間接賓語(indirect object)直接賓語(direct object)句型特點(diǎn)：謂語動詞后接有兩個賓語，這兩個賓語都是動作的對象或承受者，其中指人的是間接賓語，指物的是直接賓語。當(dāng)間接賓語放在直接賓語之后時(shí)，其前通常需要加介詞for或to。Her_mother bought her a skirt.她媽媽給她買了一條裙子。Mr.Li told us an interesting story.李先生給我們講了一個有趣的故事。4.主語(subject)謂語(verb)賓語(object)賓補(bǔ)(complement)句型特點(diǎn)：謂語動詞后雖然已接有一個賓語，但意思還不完整，必須再加上另外一個成分(賓語補(bǔ)足語)對賓語進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明?？梢杂米髻e語補(bǔ)足語的有名詞、形容詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語等。The_news made us very sad.那個消息令我們非常難過。The_teacher asked us to answer the question.老師叫我們回答那個問題。My_mother asked me to clean my room.我媽媽讓我打掃我的房間。5.主語(subject )系動詞(link verb)表語(predicative)句型特點(diǎn)：動詞不能表達(dá)一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語的身份、特征、類屬、狀態(tài)等的表語。系動詞除了be動詞之外，還有：表示感官的動詞：feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound等；表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的動詞：remain, stay, keep, continue等；表示轉(zhuǎn)變、變化的動詞：become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow等。My_sister is a nurse.我姐姐是個護(hù)士。I feel quite hungry.我感覺很餓。Leaves turn yellow.樹葉變黃了。 (1)主語是動作的發(fā)出者或描述說明的對象。(2)謂語是用來說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。(3)賓語是動作的對象或承受者。(4)表語說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)。(5)賓補(bǔ)是對賓語作進(jìn)一步的補(bǔ)充說明，使句意完整、明確。(6)系動詞是用來輔助主語的動詞。名師提醒常跟雙賓語的動詞：需借助于to的動詞：bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write等；需借助于for的動詞：buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。名師提醒用it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放到賓語補(bǔ)足語的后面以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，是英語常用的結(jié)構(gòu)。即：“主語謂語it賓補(bǔ)真正賓語”。it作形式賓語，通常和下列動詞連用：consider, think, make, find, believe, feel, guess, imagine, judge, prove, see, suppose, take等。巧學(xué)助記巧記基本句型英語句子萬萬千，五大句型把線牽；句型種類為動詞，后接什么是關(guān)鍵；系詞后面接表語，vi.獨(dú)身無牽連；vt.又可分三類，單賓雙賓最常見；還有賓語補(bǔ)足語，各種搭配記心間。即學(xué)即練寫出下列句子的句型結(jié)構(gòu)1.They work hard.主謂2.The flower is dead.主系表3.Plants need water.主謂賓4.He gives me some seeds.主謂間賓直賓5.We should keep the plants in the shade.主謂賓賓補(bǔ).指出下列句中加黑部分所作的句子成分1.His parents are well taken care of in the village.主語2.He managed to finish the work in time.賓語3.His wish is to become a scientist.表語4.Great changes have taken place in China since 1980.謂語5.He noticed a man enter the room.賓語補(bǔ)足語6.Would you tell me your advice？me為間接賓語；your_advice為直接賓語7.I opened the window to let some fresh air in.狀語8.He was elected chairman of the company.主語補(bǔ)足語9.Ill never forget the day when I worked together with you.定語10.It makes no difference whether he will come or not.it為形式主語；whether_he_will_come_or_not為真正的主語.單句語法填空1.You sang beautifully (beautiful) last night, which amazed all of us (we).2.His (he) rapid progress in English made us surprised (surprise).3.What I really want is to_improve (improve) my ability to communicate with others.4.He found it important to master English.5.He asked me to_come (come) back soon.6.Computers are useful (use) in peoples life.7.He succeeded in finishing (finish) the work in time.8.I often hear her singing (sing) in the next room.9.The super-thin bags are (be) the main source of white pollution.10.We have_lived (live) in the city for ten years.翻譯句子并寫出其句型結(jié)構(gòu)1.那個可憐人已經(jīng)死了。The_poor_man_has_died.(主謂)2.我今天很累。I_am_very_tired_today.(主系表)3.她給我們唱了一首英文歌曲。She_sang_us_an_English_song.(主謂間賓直賓)4.他們昨天晚上玩得很開心。They_had_great_fun_last_night.(主謂賓)5.你們的貢獻(xiàn)將會使得這次活動獲得巨大成功。Your_contribution_will_certainly_make_the_event_a_huge_success.(主謂賓賓補(bǔ))