Unit 2 RobotsReading Whats a robot?A robot is a machine designed to do jobs that are usually performed by humans.They are programmed and controlled by a computer.Lets look at some pictures and see what robots can look like.Robots can be made into all kinds of things.What can robots do?Pre-readingRobotsPlay with humanSecretary Do dangerous workHouseworkAnd so onTypes of robots Industrial robots used in manufacturing Domestic robots such as vacuum cleaners and lawn mowers;Entertainment robots such as toys and those in theme parks;Robots used in toxic waste clean-up and in underwater and space exploration;Do you think it is possible for a robot to:1.think for itself2.have feelings 3.have its own needs and desires4.look and feel like a human beingReadingSatisfaction Guaranteed Asimovs first law for robots:A robot must not injure human being or allow them to be injured.In this case the injury is not a physical one but a psychological one.About the writer:Isaac AsimovRead the text quickly and answer the following questions:Skimming1.What is the text mainly about?It is mainly about how a robot used for housework was tested out in a family.2.What did the robot called Tony look like?He looked like a tall and handsome man,speaking in a deep voice,with smooth black hair and his facial expression unchanged.How many characters are mentioned?Who are they?What are they?what is the relation between them?Larry BelmontClaireTony Gladys ClaffernA robotOne of the richest and most powerful women around.employed in a company that makes robotshousewife couplewas to be tested out by Claire in their familya woman that Claire enviesMake a list of what the robot Tony did during the experiment.did houseworkPrevented Claire from being harmed(example)helped Claire make herself and her home elegant by helped Claire be enviedby other womengave her advice on how to decorate her house gave her a new haircut andchanged the makeup she woreThe change of Claires feeling to Tonyunwilling to accept proud of himalarmed,disturbed and frightened embarrassed,disturbed and frightened trust fall in love.1.Larry was going to be away from home so he hired a robot to accompany his wife Claire.2.Claire didnt like the idea at the beginning,but at last she agreed to it.3.When Tony offered to help dressing,Claire was pleased to accept it.But she thought it was surprising for a robot to be so human.T1FFTrue or FalseCareful Reading4.Tony could understand Claire when she said she was not clever.5.Claires husband wanted to improve his social position,but she was sorry she could do nothing to help him.6.Tony was eager to help Claire.He scanned quite a lot of books in the library,but he could find no ways out.TT F7.Tony asked Claire to go the town to buy things he needed to improve the house.8.It was Claire that first decided to invite Gladys and her friends to her house.9.While Tony worked on the improvements of the house,Claire also did her part.1FTF10.Claires guests were filled with admiration when they saw her house was completely changed.11.Claire was very happy to find that Gladys envied her.12.The company was satisfied with Tonys report because he had successfully made a woman fall in love with him.TTF1.Why did Larry bring a robot back home?A.To help his wife.B.To test out the robot.C.To accompany his wife.D.For entertainment.-本題旨在幫助大家練習(xí)主旨大意歸納能力。本題旨在幫助大家練習(xí)主旨大意歸納能力。主旨?xì)w納忌諱面面俱到追求理解的徹底完美。主旨?xì)w納忌諱面面俱到追求理解的徹底完美。可采用掃讀可采用掃讀,跳讀跳讀(scan,skim)。For the main idea.B Listen to the text carefully.answer the questions:2.What kind of robot was Tony?A.an industrial robot B.an entertainmentC.a robot that can carries out jobs in the houseD.a robot that can carries out jobs in the shop3.Who did Claire turn to for help when a sales man was rude to her in the shop.A.Tony B.her husbandC.The manager of the shop D.Gladys 4.Why did Gladys envy Claire?Because _.A.she had a handsome friend B.she was beautifulC.she was rich D.she is powerfulFor details C A A 5.Why should Tony be rebuilt?Because _.A.he harms people B.it can not help the housewife in the family C.it is too frightening D.we can not have women falling in love with machinesMake inference D 1.Claires feelings toward Tony changed as the story developed.Read the story,then fill in the occasions when Claire had these feelings.Comprehending Exercise 1OccasionsClaire1disliked him 2 When he arrivedwas alarmed 3 felt embarrassed 4 admired him Before he arrived When he offered to help her dressWhen he offered to help her improve her house and herselfOccasionsClaire5called him a dear 6felt his warmth 7 felt being envied 8 cried all night When he helped her with the salesmanWhen she fell off a ladder and caught by Tony When she heard Gladys whispering to another woman that she had never seen anyone so handsome as Tony.She remembered Tony was just a machine.Read the story again and answer the following questions in groups.1.Why did Tony open the curtains?Exercise 2He wanted Claires guests to see him and Claire together so that she would be envied by women guests.2.What did Tony do to prevent Claire from being harmed?By making her feel good about herself.He helped her make her and her home elegant so that she would not feel like a failure.3.Why did Tony have to be rebuilt?Because the company felt that it could not have women falling love with a robot.5.Claire spent three weeks with Tony in her house.What sentences in the story show that she kept forgetting and then remembering that he was a machine?How absurd,she thought.He was just a machine.He held her firmly in his arms and she felt the warmth of his body.She screamed,pushed him away and ran to her room for the rest of the day.Then she remembered Tony was just a machines.She shouted“Leave me alone”and ran to her bed.In groups,list Tonys characteristics that were similar to and those different from those of a human being.CharacteristicsSimilar DifferentPhysicalMentalExercise 3CharacteristicsSimilarDifferentPhysicalLooks like a human being.Body and skin soft and warm.Hair and fingernails realistic.Voice like a humans.Facial expressions never change.Quicker reactions(She fell off a ladder and even though Tony was in the next room,he managed to catch her in time.)CharacteristicsSimilarDifferentMentalAble to make suggestions and predictions.Able to make a plan and follow it through.Has good communication skills.Behaviour not appropriate(Tony brought her breakfast and then asked her whether she needed help dressing)1.Which law is the story“Satisfaction Guaranteed”based on?2.What might happen in a world where there were robots if Asimovs three laws did not exist?Discussion阿西莫夫機(jī)器人三大定律：阿西莫夫機(jī)器人三大定律：機(jī)器人不得傷害人類機(jī)器人不得傷害人類,或看到人類受到傷害而袖手旁觀；或看到人類受到傷害而袖手旁觀；在不違反第一定律的前提下在不違反第一定律的前提下,機(jī)器人必須絕對(duì)服從人類給與的任何命令；機(jī)器人必須絕對(duì)服從人類給與的任何命令；在不違反第一定律和第二定律的前提下在不違反第一定律和第二定律的前提下,機(jī)器人必須盡力保護(hù)自己。機(jī)器人必須盡力保護(hù)自己。1.desire v.1)渴望渴望;希望希望(做某事做某事):desire to do sth.2)要求某事要求某事 3)要求要求(請(qǐng)求請(qǐng)求)某人做某事某人做某事desire thatdo/should do;desire sb.to do sth.我請(qǐng)您立即回信。我請(qǐng)您立即回信。I desire _ of yours.我們希望有個(gè)好結(jié)果。我們希望有個(gè)好結(jié)果。_去請(qǐng)他進(jìn)來(lái)。去請(qǐng)他進(jìn)來(lái)。_an immediate answer We desire to have a good result.Please desire him to come in.Language Points 他們要求你馬上回來(lái)。他們要求你馬上回來(lái)。They desire _.that you should come at oncedesire n.(1)愿望愿望;欲望欲望 (2)要求要求 (3)食欲食欲 (4)向往的東西向往的東西他有強(qiáng)烈的求知欲。他有強(qiáng)烈的求知欲。He has _.a strong desire for knowledge/to learnmeet ones desirehavefeel a great desire forat ones desire滿足某人的欲望滿足某人的欲望渴望渴望照某人希望照某人希望2.satisfaction n.(opp.dissatisfaction)1)滿足滿足;滿意滿意;舒服舒服(at;with)2)令人滿意的事物令人滿意的事物 我聽(tīng)了這個(gè)消息非常滿意。我聽(tīng)了這個(gè)消息非常滿意。I heard the news _.with great/much satisfactionsatisfy vt.satisfied adj.satisfying adj.satisfactory adj.滿足滿足;使?jié)M足使?jié)M足滿意的滿意的;滿足的滿足的令人滿意的令人滿意的令人滿意的令人滿意的She smiled with great satisfaction.the satisfactions of doing work 工作的樂(lè)趣工作的樂(lè)趣v.satisfyIts not easy to satisfy him.adj.satisfied satisfying 令人滿意的令人滿意的I am satisfied with the result of the exam.The result of the exam is satisfying.adj.satisfactory 滿意的滿意的/良好的良好的/圓滿的圓滿的Its a satisfactory excuse for his absence.express ones satisfaction at/withfind satisfaction in to sbs satisfaction/to the satisfaction of sb.with satisfaction對(duì)對(duì)表示滿意表示滿意對(duì)對(duì)感到滿意感到滿意到使某人滿意的程度到使某人滿意的程度滿意地滿意地3.test out 考驗(yàn)考驗(yàn) test vt.examine and measure the qualities 考驗(yàn)考驗(yàn);試驗(yàn)試驗(yàn);測(cè)驗(yàn)測(cè)驗(yàn) The long climb tested(out)our powers of endurance.這次長(zhǎng)距離爬山考驗(yàn)了我們的耐力。這次長(zhǎng)距離爬山考驗(yàn)了我們的耐力。She tested the whole class on irregular verbs.她對(duì)全班學(xué)生進(jìn)行了不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的測(cè)驗(yàn)。她對(duì)全班學(xué)生進(jìn)行了不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的測(cè)驗(yàn)。test n.examination or trial of the qualities,考驗(yàn)考驗(yàn);試驗(yàn)試驗(yàn);測(cè)驗(yàn)測(cè)驗(yàn);化驗(yàn)化驗(yàn)She left her purse on the table as a test of the childs honesty.She gave the students a test in math yesterday.an eye test 眼睛檢查眼睛檢查 a blood test 驗(yàn)血驗(yàn)血4.alarm n.警報(bào)警報(bào);驚慌驚慌;恐慌恐慌 火災(zāi)引起很大恐慌?；馂?zāi)引起很大恐慌。_The fire caused much alarm.give/raise/sound the alarmtake(the)alarm ata fire alarma false alarmair alarmwater level alarm發(fā)警報(bào)發(fā)警報(bào);敲警鐘敲警鐘對(duì)對(duì)感到吃驚感到吃驚;火警火警虛驚一場(chǎng)虛驚一場(chǎng)空襲警報(bào)空襲警報(bào)水位警告水位警告alarm vt.使警覺(jué)使警覺(jué);驚動(dòng)驚動(dòng);使驚慌使驚慌不要驚慌不要驚慌 Dont alarm yourself.be alarmed at(the news)被被(那消息那消息)嚇了一跳嚇了一跳.be alarmed for(the safety of)放心不下放心不下;擔(dān)心擔(dān)心(的安全的安全)完成句子完成句子:1)A small boy saw the smoke and _(發(fā)出警報(bào)發(fā)出警報(bào)).2)_(人人都感到驚恐人人都感到驚恐)the news that war might break out.raised the alarmEverybody was alarmed at5.smooth adj.平坦的平坦的;平滑的平滑的;順利的順利的 路平坦了路平坦了/困難掃除了。困難掃除了。_ vt.使使光滑光滑,平坦或順利平坦或順利 用熨斗把這件衣服熨平。用熨斗把這件衣服熨平。_ smoothly adv.平穩(wěn)地平穩(wěn)地;順利地順利地 一切進(jìn)展順利。一切進(jìn)展順利。_The way is now smooth.Smooth this dress with a hot iron.Everything went smoothly.6.embarrass vt.使困惑使困惑;使局促不安使局促不安銷(xiāo)路下降使公司陷于財(cái)政困難銷(xiāo)路下降使公司陷于財(cái)政困難.The decline of sales _.在生人面前局促不安在生人面前局促不安embarrass sb.with sth./by doing sth.做做使某人尷尬使某人尷尬/害羞害羞/窘迫窘迫 不要問(wèn)隱私不要問(wèn)隱私,會(huì)讓他們覺(jué)得不好意思會(huì)讓他們覺(jué)得不好意思 Dont _(by asking)personal questions.embarrassed the companybe/feel embarrassed in the presence of strangersembarrass them withembarrassed adj.尷尬的尷尬的,難堪的難堪的,害羞的害羞的他對(duì)我衣服的評(píng)論使我很尷尬。他對(duì)我衣服的評(píng)論使我很尷尬。_ by his comments about my clothes.embarrassing adj.使人尷尬的使人尷尬的;令人難堪的令人難堪的你什么時(shí)候最尷尬你什么時(shí)候最尷尬?What has been your _?I was embarrassedmost embarrassingmoment7.sympathyn.同情同情;同感同感;同情心同情心相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：express sympathy for 慰問(wèn)慰問(wèn)feel sympathy for,have sympathy for 同情同情in sympathy with 同情同情;贊成贊成;跟著跟著;和和一致一致out of sympathy for have no/some sympathy with sb/sth 不支持不支持/支持某人支持某人/某事某事 出于對(duì)出于對(duì)的同情的同情 翻譯翻譯:我確信她一定贊成你的建議。我確信她一定贊成你的建議。(in sympathy with)Im sure she will be in sympathy with your proposal.我不同意他的意見(jiàn)。我不同意他的意見(jiàn)。(have no sympathy with)I have no sympathy with him.我同情你。我同情你。(sympathize)I sympathize with you.8.pile n.堆堆;摞摞;疊疊 v.堆起堆起;堆積堆積a pile of/piles of=lots of 成堆的成堆的/成批的成批的pile up 增多增多;積累積累;(車(chē)輛車(chē)輛)相碰相碰There were a pile of magazines on the desk.Ive got piles of work to do this evening.The fallen leaves piled up.堆積堆積9.with wonder:疑惑地疑惑地 with+n 作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ) with surprise/embarrassment/fear 10.reach for/reach out ones hand for He reached out his hand for an apple.n.reachwithin ones reach out of ones reach=beyond ones reach 11.accompany v.1)to go/stay with Id like you to accompany me to the supermarket.What accompanies him is always a dog.2)to exist at the same time 和和一起發(fā)生一起發(fā)生 Lightning usually accompanies thunder.12.As she turned around,there stood Gladys Claffern.1)倒裝句倒裝句:Down came the hammer and out flew the sparks.In rushed the boys!A.謂語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)是 go,come,run,等表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞和等表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞和 be動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞，B.句中有表示方位的副詞句中有表示方位的副詞 there,here,up,down,in,out,away 等，等，為強(qiáng)調(diào)該副詞為強(qiáng)調(diào)該副詞,可將副詞置于句首可將副詞置于句首,但要注意：但要注意：There came the bus!Here he is!若主語(yǔ)是名詞若主語(yǔ)是名詞,用倒裝用倒裝;若是代詞若是代詞,則不倒裝。則不倒裝。2)turn around 轉(zhuǎn)身轉(zhuǎn)身;回轉(zhuǎn)回轉(zhuǎn);旋轉(zhuǎn)旋轉(zhuǎn);好轉(zhuǎn)好轉(zhuǎn),有起色有起色 他突然轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)他突然轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái),看見(jiàn)了我。看見(jiàn)了我。_ _All of a sudden he turned around/aboutand saw me.turn aboutturn againstturn awayturn onturn offturn out轉(zhuǎn)身轉(zhuǎn)身;轉(zhuǎn)向轉(zhuǎn)向;調(diào)向調(diào)向背叛背叛;反抗反抗,使對(duì)抗使對(duì)抗把把(臉臉)轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)去轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)去;拋棄拋棄開(kāi)開(kāi)(電燈電燈,收音機(jī)收音機(jī),自來(lái)水自來(lái)水)解雇解雇;關(guān)掉關(guān)掉;使失去興趣使失去興趣結(jié)果是結(jié)果是;證明是證明是;生產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)(產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)品)13.affair n.事情事情/曖昧關(guān)系曖昧關(guān)系/私通私通 pl 業(yè)務(wù)業(yè)務(wù)/事務(wù)事務(wù)/事態(tài)事態(tài)Affairs at present in that country are unsettled.那個(gè)國(guó)家當(dāng)前的局勢(shì)動(dòng)蕩不安那個(gè)國(guó)家當(dāng)前的局勢(shì)動(dòng)蕩不安.Big countries dont try to direct the affairs of other countries.current/foreign/world affairs 時(shí)事時(shí)事/外交事務(wù)外交事務(wù)/世界事務(wù)世界事務(wù) affairs of state 國(guó)事國(guó)事/國(guó)務(wù)國(guó)務(wù)/政務(wù)政務(wù)14.declare vt.宣布宣布;聲明聲明;表明表明;說(shuō)明說(shuō)明;宣稱宣稱1)declare+n.宣告宣告 他們將很快宣布選舉的結(jié)果。他們將很快宣布選舉的結(jié)果。_ _2)declare+n.+(to be)n./adj.宣布宣布為為 裁判宣布他為比賽的冠軍。裁判宣布他為比賽的冠軍。_ _They will declare the results of the election soon.The judge declared him(to be)the winner of the competition.我宣布這次會(huì)議開(kāi)始我宣布這次會(huì)議開(kāi)始._3)declare+(that)從句從句宣稱宣稱;聲稱聲稱 她宣稱她是對(duì)的她宣稱她是對(duì)的._I declared this conference(to be)open.She declared(that)she was right.declare war on/upon 對(duì)對(duì)宣戰(zhàn)宣戰(zhàn)declare against 聲明反對(duì)聲明反對(duì)declare for(in favour of)聲明贊成聲明贊成15.more than +n 不僅僅是不僅僅是,不止不止Student Times is more than a newspaper.It helps us to learn English.What he wants is more than money.more than +adj/adv/v 很很/非常非常He is more than scared of cats.more +adj/adv /n/v +than 與其說(shuō)與其說(shuō),，不如說(shuō)，不如說(shuō)He is more scared than ill.他與其說(shuō)是病了他與其說(shuō)是病了,倒不如說(shuō)他是受了驚嚇。倒不如說(shuō)他是受了驚嚇。16.It was then that Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains 強(qiáng)調(diào)句強(qiáng)調(diào)句 It is/was+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他其他 It is not where you come from or what you are,but the ability to do the job_ matters.A.one B.that C.what D.it It was after the invention of printing _to publish large numbers of books and pictures.A.were people able B.that people were able C.when were people able D.people were able B B 17.impress sb with sth impress sth on/upon sb make an impression on sb 這位姑娘既活潑又有幽默感這位姑娘既活潑又有幽默感,給這位男孩留給這位男孩留下了深刻的印象。下了深刻的印象。The girl impressed the boy with her liveliness and sense of humor.他的話銘記在我心里。他的話銘記在我心里。His words was impressed on me.他給我留下了深刻的印象。他給我留下了深刻的印象。He made a strong impression on me.18.envy vt.&n.忌妒忌妒;羨慕羨慕1)envy+sb.(for sth.)2)envy sb.sth.忌妒忌妒/羨慕某人某事羨慕某人某事 我真羨慕您！我真羨慕您！_ 他們羨慕我們的成功他們羨慕我們的成功._ envy sb.doing sth.羨慕某人做某事羨慕某人做某事 be in envy of ones success 羨慕某人的成功羨慕某人的成功 envy at/of sth.對(duì)某事物的忌妒對(duì)某事物的忌妒/羨慕羨慕How I envy you!They envied us for our success.I dont envy him his money problems.我慶幸自己沒(méi)有他那些金錢(qián)的麻煩。我慶幸自己沒(méi)有他那些金錢(qián)的麻煩。He couldnt conceal his envy of me.他遮掩不住對(duì)我的忌妒。他遮掩不住對(duì)我的忌妒。Her many talents were the envy of all her friends.她多才多藝她多才多藝,所有的朋友都很羨慕她。所有的朋友都很羨慕她。歸納拓展歸納拓展:envious adj.be envious of=be jealous of 我羨慕我羨慕Tom的成功。的成功。Im envious of/jealous of Toms success.I envy Toms success.I envy Tom his success.19.leavealone 不管不管;不打擾不打擾;讓讓獨(dú)自待著獨(dú)自待著 不要?jiǎng)游业臅?shū)。不要?jiǎng)游业臅?shū)。_ 由我來(lái)做吧。由我來(lái)做吧。_Leave my book alone.Leave me alone to do it.leave behind 留下留下;忘帶忘帶;遺留遺留leave out 省去省去;排除排除;遺漏遺漏leave off 停止停止leave over 推遲某事推遲某事;剩下剩下20.have doing =cause sb to do sth 1)讓讓做做She had us all laughing at her jokes.I wont have him cleaning his bike in the kitchen.She wont have her children sitting down to dinner with dirty hands.2)鼓勵(lì)鼓勵(lì),教會(huì)教會(huì),勸說(shuō)勸說(shuō)Ill have them all talking in English in the classroom.Whom would you rather _with your sister?A.have gone B.have to go C.have go D.have going Who did the teacher have _ an article for the paper just now?A.written B.writing C.write D.to write As youve never been there before,Ill have someone _ you the way.A.to show B.show C.showing D.showed CCC1.Remember the characteristics of science fiction.2.Surf the Internet to learn more about robots and science fictions.3.Surf the Internet to learn about Isaac Asimov.Homework