初二英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)短語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)MODULE1 1、如有always ,often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, once a.,every.用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，第一、二人稱復(fù)數(shù)后跟動(dòng)詞原形，第三人稱單數(shù)后跟動(dòng)詞加's'/'es'。2、如有now ,look! ,listen, at the moment .用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)是be (am, is, are) +v-ing3、如有tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, from now on, in +一段時(shí)間, some day, next.用一般將來時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)：will + v原 be going to +v原（沒有動(dòng)詞用be ）4、如有yesterday, .ago , last.just now.用一般過去時(shí)動(dòng)詞加edgive sb. Sth.=give sth. to sb. 給某人某物 every day每天, write down 寫下，記下write it (them) down everyday每天的，日常的, how about doing sth.=what about doing sth.做.怎么樣 each other 互相.thanks a lot= thank you very much非常謝謝回答That's all right. =You're welcome.= That'OK.= It's my pleasure.=Not at all.Why don't you+V原.=why not+.V原 為什么不help sb. with sth. 在某方面幫助別人 help sb. (to )do sth.幫助某人做某事 with one's help=with the help of sb.在某人的幫助help oneself to sth.請(qǐng)自用食物watch sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事，（現(xiàn)在沒有做，做過）watch sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事（正在做）see, hear類似remember to do sth.想起記得要做某事，未做事 remember doing sth.相起記得做過某事forget to do sth. 忘記要做某事 forget doing sth.忘記做過某事welcome back歡迎回來 , new term新學(xué)期this term這學(xué)期 , next term 下學(xué)學(xué)期,last term上學(xué)期, give you some advice給你一些建議, why not 為什么不, make a mistake=make mistakes犯錯(cuò)誤,correct spelling正確的拼寫, what else?=what other things? 還有什么a piece of advice 一條建議, follow /take one's advice采用別人的建議,send sth to sb.=send sb. sth. 寄給某人 send for派人去請(qǐng)/取 send up發(fā)射. all the time一直enjoy oneself=have a good time=have a great time=have fun, 玩得愉快lots of =a lot of =many(可數(shù))much(不可數(shù))許多 , ,spend : sb. spend some time on sth.某人花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事 sb. spend some time (in) doing sth. 某人花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事 Sb. spend some money on sth. 某人花費(fèi)錢買某物 Sb. spend some money (in) buying sth.某人花費(fèi)錢買某物 Cost: sth. cost sb. some money 某物花去某人錢 pay: sb. pay some money for sth. 某人支付錢Take: It takes (took) sb.some time to do sth.做某事花去某人時(shí)間 ask for 請(qǐng)求，要求, ask sb. for sth.向某人要某物 ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 a piece of一塊enjoy doing sth喜歡做某事.finish,practise, mind, miss ,consider,keep, continue,這些詞語(yǔ)后跟動(dòng)名詞形式V-ing place sth.in =put sth. in 把某物放在里面 else常修飾不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞或副詞，也可修飾all, much,little等，else要位于其后。所有格為else's.take a deep breath深呼吸, catchhold one's breath屏住呼吸, out of breath上氣不接下氣, wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事,the number of 的數(shù)目，后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞用三單, a number of =many,大量，許多后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。a large number of， a small number of ,invite sb.to do sth. 邀請(qǐng)某人做某事 find+ it+ adj+to do sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事怎么樣 try to do sth.盡力做事 try doing sth. 嘗試做某事try not to do sth .盡力不做某事 try one's best盡某人最大的努力,a group of 一組，一群, borrow sth from sb.從某人處借入某物,lend sth.to sb=lend sb.sth.借給某人某物 keep借一段時(shí)間practice doing sth.,練習(xí)做做某事 come from=be from來自,look for 尋找, look after=care for=take care of照顧look up 向上看，查閱, look like看起來像,look at 看著, look on sb. as把某人看作, look forward to doing sth. 盼望，期待做某事 look over檢查，翻閱 ,look out當(dāng)心，向外看 , look through仔細(xì)查看,be ready for =get ready for=prepare for為, be ready準(zhǔn)備好 ,be (get ) ready to do sth.準(zhǔn)備做某事，樂意做某事 translateinto 將譯成，take a message捎個(gè)信， leave a message留個(gè)信，be good for 對(duì)有好處， be good at =do well in擅長(zhǎng)于be poor at =be bad at =do badly in=be weak in不擅長(zhǎng) Think of 想起，think about想出， think over仔細(xì)考慮，else修飾不定代詞something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody和who, what,when,where時(shí)放后，四說，1,speak說語(yǔ)言，2.say說內(nèi)容，3,talk與誰(shuí)說，4,tell告訴，講述，四看，1,watch觀看電視，比賽和表演，2,see看人，電影，醫(yī)生，風(fēng)景， 3,read看書，報(bào)，4,look就看。 看場(chǎng)電影要用see，讀書看報(bào)用read 電視、戲劇、比賽，凡是表演用watch,observe細(xì)觀察，一時(shí)注意用notice.make+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（形容詞）使某人某物怎么樣。.make+賓語(yǔ)+do 讓某人做某事make+賓語(yǔ)+過去分詞 使某人被怎么樣；make friends with sb.與某人交朋友，hear of聽說， hear from收到某人的來信， be bad for對(duì)有害， it is +adj.+of sb +to do sth.寫性格，品質(zhì)kind, good nice ,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等。It is+adj+for sb +to do sth. 對(duì)物的評(píng)價(jià)difficult,easy hard,dangerous,important,等write to 給寫信， next to 在旁邊，do some concerts辦音樂會(huì)， speak to sb.和某人講話，say hello to sb. 給某人問好， say bye to sb.向某人說再見，show sb. around somewhere帶某人參觀某地， learn sth from sb.向某人學(xué)習(xí)choose the correct answers選擇正確答案, correct the mistakes改錯(cuò),match with把和搭配起來建議：1.why don't you do sth?=why not do sth? 2.How about doing sth?=what about doing sth? 3.You should /can do sth. 4.Remember to do sth. 5.Don't forget to do sth. 6.can you do sth ? 7.Let's do sth. 8.It'sa good idea to do 9.would you like to do ? 10.Shall we do 11.You'd better (not )do sth.回答：That's a good idea.Thanks a lot. Great, OK. That's right. All right. Good idea. Sure.MODULE2 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：1.表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或結(jié)果，常與recently, ever, never,already,yet ,just,before still連用；2.表示發(fā)生在過去并且一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與for+時(shí)間段或since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用。結(jié)構(gòu)：have(has)+過去分詞，get into=enter進(jìn)入, what's the price of =how much is 問價(jià)格dream about夢(mèng)到, dream of 夢(mèng)見, around the world=all over the world全世界, stay with sb.與某人呆一起stay in bed呆在床上 , stay at home呆在家里,take off 脫下，起飛, land on/in /at 著路,all over China,全中國(guó), take a seat =have a seat請(qǐng)坐 ,come ture實(shí)現(xiàn), fly to =go to .by plane(by air),坐飛機(jī)drive to =go to by car開車， walk to =go toon foot步行去sell out 賣光, at the end 在結(jié)束時(shí), at the end of在盡頭/結(jié)尾 ,have been to去過（現(xiàn)在不在那兒） , have gone to 去了（現(xiàn)在不在說話地）everyday English日常英語(yǔ)， first price一等獎(jiǎng)，The most exciting experience最激動(dòng)人心的經(jīng)歷， before long不久，long before=soon=a little later很久以前， no problem沒問題，have a problem in doing sth.做某事有困難， work out a problem解決一個(gè)問題，invite sb to do sth,邀請(qǐng)某人做某事 invite sb to some place邀請(qǐng)某人去某地,one day,某一天，（過去或?qū)恚?some day某一天（將來） ,連系動(dòng)詞，一是be (am, is ,are ,was ,were,)一感覺feel ，一保持keep，三變become,get turn，四起來taste ,smell , look, sound，后跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)。不定代詞：somebody, some one某人，anybody,anyone任何人nobody,no one，沒人everyone,everybody每個(gè)人,something某物 ,anything任何物,nothing沒事,everything一切事物，修飾他們的形容詞放后。different kinds of =all kinds of 不同種類的，各種各樣的， by the end of 到末為止，不遲于give a concert=give concerts舉辦音樂會(huì)， in the end =finally，最后，終于，take a photo=take photos照相，店 cook sth for sb.=cook sb.sth. 為某人做飯buy,makesuch+a /an +adj+單數(shù)名詞=so +adj+a/an+單數(shù)名詞 (名前such，形副so，多多少少也用so,little屬特殊，“小”用such,少用so.) 交通工具的乘坐，take the(a) +交通工具to , =go.by+交通工具=go.on /in+a(the)+交通工具(小汽車只能用in ，其余的可用in ,on); walk to some where=go to.on foot; fly to somewhere.=go .by planeride to somewhere=go.by bike, drive to somewhere=go to by car,a kind of一種 , be kind to sb對(duì)某人友善 .since then從那時(shí)起，take off 脫下，起飛，請(qǐng)假, reckon=consider =regard =think考慮，認(rèn)為,be reckoned (to be) ,被以為 reckon.as. 相當(dāng)于regard .as.把當(dāng)成 in the photo,在照片里go abroad,出國(guó) be abroad,在國(guó)外 travel abroad,到國(guó)外旅行 sell out,賣光 sell to , 賣給某人 sell well賣得好 ,四個(gè)也：also,肯定，行前be 后；too肯定，句末；either,否定，句末；as well,肯定，句末。go to sleep,去睡覺 the price of,.的價(jià)格，形容價(jià)格用high,low。sell sth at a high price,以高價(jià)出售， sell sth at a low price,以低價(jià)出售。yet ,用于完成時(shí)態(tài)的否定句和疑問句中；have a wonderful time 玩得高興,would like to do sth=want to do sth,想要做某事would like sb. to do sth=wat sb to do sth想要某人做某事MODULE3already早已，用于完成時(shí)的肯定,； yet,用于完成時(shí)的否定和疑問； just,用于完成時(shí) just now=a moment ago用于過去時(shí), arrive at (小地方)/in(大地方)=reach=get to ,到達(dá)bring,從外往里拿， take ,從里往外拿， carry無方向, fetch往返拿,more than ,=over,多于 less than,少于alone,個(gè)體單獨(dú)，獨(dú)自； lonely,孤獨(dú)，寂寞，也表示荒涼，most of. .的大多數(shù), a visit to 對(duì) .的參觀, on a visit to.,參觀. for a visit 參觀, pay a visit to ,拜訪 as .as.和.一樣 not as .as.=not so .as 不如,so .that如此.以致于.如果that后是否定,就可以用too.to轉(zhuǎn)換,如果是肯定就用,形容+enough(for sb )to do sth.be famous for 因.面著名(原因), be famous as以.身份或產(chǎn)地而著名prefer doing sth. to doing sth.=like doing sth better than doing sth更喜歡做某事,prefer to 更喜歡. prefer to do sth rather than do sth.寧愿做某事而不愿做某事,return from a visit to 從.訪問返回, be named after 以.的名字命名,be proud of 以.自豪, be up to sb.由某人決定,up to 從事于,忙于, space station在太空站,show sth to sb.=show sb sth把某物給某人看, on business出差,因.公事,在.的上面 over,在.上面,正上方,中間有段空間,反義為underon 在.上面,貼著物表,反義beneath, above在.上方,高出,反義belowin the sky=in the air在天空中, by air=by plane坐飛機(jī),in the last three years在過去三年里,用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),none 用于三個(gè)以上的全否定，反義為all；neither兩個(gè)都不，反義為both,the lastest news,最新消息， share sth.with sb.與分享某物MODULE4 get on /along with sb,與.相處, get on well with sb.與.相處融洽hear about ,hear of 聽說, in fact實(shí)際上,the Hope Schools,希望學(xué)校 look after=take care of =care for,照顧drop out of school,綴學(xué) take part in, 參加pay for ,支付,付錢 how long ,多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間how soon,多久 get on badly with ,與.相處不好hear from sb.收到某人的信,電子郵件等 on the farm ,在農(nóng)場(chǎng)上in the last+一段時(shí)間,in th past +一段時(shí)間in the recent+ 一段時(shí)間,這三個(gè)用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)because of因?yàn)? , sell sth.to sb.=sell sb .sth.,把某物賣給某人buy sth from .buy sth for sb.給某人買東西 get an education接受教育,take part in=join參加, in good/bad health身體健康/不健康,care about關(guān)心,在乎, take care 當(dāng)心,how often隔多久一次, stop doing sth.停止做某事,stop to do sth.停下來去做別的事, dress /undressr+人,put on/wear/take off+衣, drop out 退出,離隊(duì),drop in 順便來訪, drop out of school 退學(xué) point at 指著, point to 指向,put on one's clothes穿上衣服with the help of sb.=wiht sb's help 在別人的幫助下without the help of sb.無人幫助的情況 at home and abroad在國(guó)內(nèi)外 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檠永m(xù)動(dòng)詞：buy-have open-be open join -be in borrow-keep die -be dead leave-be away come here-be here go there-be there begin-be onfinish-be over make friends-be friends get ready-be ready buy-get /have arrive/get to /reach/come-be in be at /stay, put on-have on /wear get up-be up可延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不可以與for 或since 連用，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定式也可以和for /since連用.other其他的，另外的，別的； another另一個(gè)人或事物；the other兩個(gè)中的另一個(gè)； the others其余的，剩下的人或事物；others其他的，另外的，別的人或物MODULE 5 on earth ,究竟，到底，可用在when ,what ,who,where,how ,which,why 等之后，相當(dāng)于in the world,用在否定句中相當(dāng)于not .at all；a fan of ,.的迷 give a concert =give concerts,舉行音樂會(huì)be famous for ,因.而著名(后+人或物某方面的特點(diǎn),特長(zhǎng))be famous as ,作為.而聞名(后+身份職業(yè)) at the age of =when sb.was.years old, 在.歲的時(shí)候not only.but also.不僅.而且(就近原則)上 classical music,古典音樂belong to ,屬于 sth belong to sb. 物屬于人across ,從一定范圍內(nèi)的一邊到另一邊,表面進(jìn)行through,從中間通過或穿過,里面進(jìn)行;over上方通過,不接觸表面;hear of 聽說, be born出生, go through穿過, I'm not sure我不確定, I'm sure肯定,make sb.+adj使某人怎么樣, make sb .do sth.使某人做某事,take sb. around帶人四處走走, a piece of music一首樂曲,in addition to 除.以外,buy him a guitar=buy a guitar for him給某人買吉他,go on with sth.繼續(xù)做某事, go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做某事,die of 患.而死,常接hunger, cold, illness,cancer內(nèi)部原因,die from由于.,而死,常接a wound ,an accident,carelessness外部原因,learn to do sth學(xué)做某事, learn from sb.向某人學(xué)習(xí),Learn.by heart熟記,背誦, learn one's lesson from.從. 中吸取教訓(xùn),反意疑問句:1. 先斷"定",判斷是否定或肯定.如有not ,never, few, little, hardly, no ,nobody,seldom,nothing等詞,則是否定,后面該用肯定.2. 后找"動(dòng)",觀察前面的動(dòng)詞,若含有或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞直接用,若為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形,用do,三單用does,過去式用did, had better用had3. 換代,主語(yǔ)定代詞,三單用he ,she ,it ,復(fù)用they we ; somebody,nobody 類似的用they,和thing一起的用4. 肯定祈使句，反問句部分可用will you /won't you ？否定祈使句，用will you ？5. Let's.用shall we? let us.用will you?,6. 在think,believe,suppose+從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，疑問句部分與從句保持一致，同時(shí)主句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到從句中; 但第二，三人稱與主句保持一致：I don't think you have done it ,have you? /He doesn't think you have done it ,does he?即：當(dāng)主句人稱是一，從句是二時(shí)，看二；當(dāng)主句是三時(shí)，就看三。7. 回答只針對(duì)事實(shí)作答;Yes+肯定 ,No+否定give sb.sth=give sth.to sb. 給某人某物,give in投降,give up doing sth 放棄, give out 分發(fā),give a way to 對(duì).讓步, on the earth在地球上,both.and既.又. 就近原則 neither.nor既不.又不,就近原則either.or要么.要么.there be, not only.but also就近原則,may be可能是. maybe=perhaps大概,也許 In addition to .除.以外(還有) =besides, but 除.之外,常與否定意義詞連用,當(dāng)but前有do時(shí)but后接原形, except,除.之外(不包括)on holiday度假, of course=,sure當(dāng)然all types of呼種 , part time job,一份兼職工作on one's own獨(dú)自 , be led by由.帶領(lǐng) MODULE 6 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)用法：1.表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或正存在的狀態(tài)，一般常和at that time,at 點(diǎn)yesterday,then,last night,this time yesterday ,the whole morning,when I arrived 等特定的過去時(shí)間連用。2. 表示一個(gè)過去動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)或發(fā)生之后,另一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或兩個(gè)延續(xù)性過去的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行,常與when,while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用。結(jié)構(gòu)：was /were +V-ing go on 繼續(xù), go on doing sth繼續(xù)做某事(同一件事),go on to do sth 繼續(xù)做某事(另一件事), go on with sth繼續(xù)做同一件事,但中間暫停過, How is it going ?=How are you getting on /along?近況如何? by the river,在河邊at this time yesterday昨天 的這個(gè)時(shí)候, in a tree=in the tree ,在樹上(外來物)on a tree =on the tree,在樹上,(樹本身的) smile at sb. 朝著某人微笑,laugh at sb.嘲笑某人 fall into ,掉進(jìn),跌入fall off 掉下來, fall behind ,落后,跟不上fall in love with,愛上 be careful,小心by mistake由于出錯(cuò) at taht /this time在那/這時(shí)have nothing to do 沒事可做, nothing strange沒什么奇怪的，take sth. out of . 把.從.拿出來, happen to do sth.碰巧做某事 感官動(dòng)詞see ,hear ,watch,feel ,notice,smell,taste后+名詞或代詞+動(dòng)詞原形(表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生)后+名詞或代詞+Ving(表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)under th hedge在樹籬下面, go down下去, think about 考慮, think of想起，認(rèn)為 ,think over仔細(xì)考慮, think out,想出think hard,努力想，努力思考 What happened to sb.?某人發(fā)生了什么事？be on 上演， go off熄滅，停，英語(yǔ)中當(dāng)幾個(gè)單數(shù)人稱同時(shí)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，先后順序是“二、三、一”not .until直到.才.(主句中常用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)till/until直到.為止(主句中常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)something wrong with.,出了毛病,lie in bed 躺在床上,jump out of從.跳出來 ,on one's way to someplace,在某人去某地的路上on one's way home在某人回家的路上,from .to,從.到.(動(dòng)詞+Ving)when,while ,as的區(qū)別 當(dāng).時(shí)候When可與持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用,表示"一段時(shí)間,"也可與短暫性動(dòng)詞連用,表示"時(shí)刻".主句的動(dòng)作可以與從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,也可以先后發(fā)生.如果主從句都是短暫性動(dòng)詞時(shí),只能用WhenWhile表示主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生.其從句的動(dòng)詞必須為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,從句多用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),也可用表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞的一般時(shí)態(tài).如果主從句都是進(jìn)行時(shí),只能用Whileas與When同義,但as指主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作交替進(jìn)行或同步發(fā)展.wear out 穿壞,穿舊,用壞, cheer up 使振奮;使興奮,follow one's advice聽從某人的建議, look into向.的里面看,stop to do sth. 停下做另一件事 stop doing sth.停止做某事stop .from doing sth.阻止.做某事, what kind哪種,a kind of一種, all kinds of =different kinds of 各種各樣的,kind of =a bit=a little 有點(diǎn), walk along沿著.走,by mistake 錯(cuò)誤地，無意地, by oneself單獨(dú)，獨(dú)立地,by the way, 順便說 墻的表面用on，墻的內(nèi)部用inhave something to do有事可做 ,have something to eat有可吃的東西 ,have nothing to drink沒有什么喝的東西 feel tired感到疲勞no one,一般不與of連用，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，只指人，一般用來回答whonone ,可與of連用，動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)，指人或物，回答how many /how much引導(dǎo)的問句，以及含any+n 的一般問句Nothing，指物，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，without doing sth.沒做，be tired=get tired累了，during the day 一整天，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是：be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞變法：1主+謂+賓語(yǔ).將賓語(yǔ)變作主語(yǔ),將謂語(yǔ)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),將主語(yǔ)變by賓語(yǔ).2.主+謂+間賓+直賓 將間接賓語(yǔ)變作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),直接賓語(yǔ)不變.3主+謂+直賓+間賓+to或for 將直變主,將謂變被告,其余不變.by原主4.主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ) 賓作主,謂變被,其余不變,by原主.5.主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)(let,see,make ,hear,watch ,feel, help, notice,observe,look at ,listen to )變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)時(shí)，后加to6. 主+短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)， 賓作主，短變被，其余不變,by原主.7. 帶有be going to,be about to ,be to ,have to ,used to ,be supposed to ,be sure to 等要將to后來動(dòng)詞變以被動(dòng)8.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的每種時(shí)態(tài)10用心 愛心 專心