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111 高考英語(yǔ)一輪單元總復(fù)習(xí)講義精品薈萃外研版必修五Module 2 知識(shí)詳解 1.offer　v．　(主動(dòng))提出(愿意做某事)，提議，給予，提供 n．　出價(jià)，建議 (回歸課本P12)This person has offered to do a job—and may not be paid for doing it. 此人主動(dòng)去做一份工作——而且可能不要報(bào)酬。 12 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①(朗文P1355)They offered him a very good job but he turned it down.他們給他提供了一份很好的工作，但他拒絕了。 ②The teacher offered a computer to his daughter as a present for her wedding. 這位老師給他的女兒一臺(tái)電腦當(dāng)做結(jié)婚禮物。 ③The student offered to give me a hand when I was looking for my key everywhere. 當(dāng)我四處尋找我的鑰匙時(shí)，那位學(xué)生主動(dòng)提出要幫我的忙。 ④The businessman offered $2,000 for my vase. 那個(gè)商人出價(jià)2,000美元買我的花瓶。 ⑤Thank you for your offer of help.感謝你提供幫助。 【易混辨析】 offer，provide，supply (1)offer“提供”，側(cè)重主動(dòng)給予，多指具體的事物。多用于：offer sb.sth.或offer sth. to sb. (2)provide“供應(yīng)，供給”，表示為應(yīng)付某種需要而提供某物，所提供的東西一般是具體的事物，也可以是幫助、經(jīng)驗(yàn)、機(jī)會(huì)、答案、例子等抽象的東西。一般用于：provide sth.for sb.與provide sb. with sth. (3)supply“補(bǔ)給，供給，提供”，只用于具體事物，側(cè)重補(bǔ)充所需要的東西，有時(shí)可以與provide互換。經(jīng)常用于：supply sth.to sb.或supply sb.with sth.。 ①The factory supplied a uniform to each of its workers. ②I’ve been offered a job in advertising. ③These letters should provide us with all the information we need. 【即境活用】 1．(東北師大附中模擬)Talented in skiing，he has hopes of being ________ for the national team. A．elected　　　　　　　B．offered C．hired D．selected 解析：選D?？疾閯?dòng)詞辨析。句意“在滑雪上面有天賦，他有希望被挑選進(jìn)國(guó)家隊(duì)?！? 2.You ________ only half the price，how would the seller sell the jacket to you? A．spent B．paid C．charged D．offered 解析：選D。spend和pay后面不能直接跟price，offer the price“出價(jià)”。 2.apply　v．　申請(qǐng)；適用，應(yīng)用；專心，集中精力 (回歸課本P15)Now think of some more questions to ask people applying for these jobs. 現(xiàn)在想出更多的問(wèn)題來(lái)問(wèn)申請(qǐng)這些工作的人們。 【歸納總結(jié)】 (1)apply to 適用于 apply...to... 把……應(yīng)用于…… apply to sb. for help 請(qǐng)求某人幫助 apply oneself to... 致力于…… apply for a job 申請(qǐng)工作 (2)application n．請(qǐng)求，申請(qǐng)，申請(qǐng)表，應(yīng)用；應(yīng)用程序，應(yīng)用軟件 applicant n. 申請(qǐng)人 【例句探源】 ①(高考天津卷)When Shaw lost his sight，his wife suggested he apply for a guide dog. 當(dāng)蕭失明后，他妻子建議他申領(lǐng)一個(gè)導(dǎo)盲犬。 ②The new technology has been applied to medical examination.這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)已被用于醫(yī)學(xué)檢查。 ③You will only pass your exams if you really apply yourself to your study.你只有真正專心致志，考試才能及格。 【即境活用】 3.The questions on this part of the form only ________ married men. A．a(chǎn)ppeal to B．a(chǎn)pply to C．refer to D．stick to 解析：選B。句意“這些問(wèn)題僅適用于已婚男人”。 4．(山東青島模擬)Peter has been out of work for half a year，so he wants to ________ a job in this company. A．prepare for B．a(chǎn)pply for C．superior to D．object to 解析：選B。句意：彼得失業(yè)已有半年了，因此他想在這家公司申請(qǐng)這個(gè)職位。prepare for 準(zhǔn)備；apply for申請(qǐng)；superior to是形容詞短語(yǔ)，“比……優(yōu)越”；object to 反對(duì)。只有apply for符合本題要求。 3.require　v．　需要，要求，命令 (回歸課本P18)SALES STAFF required in well-known clothes shop.著名的服裝公司招聘銷售人員。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①All the passengers are required to show their tickets. 所有乘客都必須出示車票。 ②The teacher required that all the students (should)hand in their homework before 5 p．m.. 老師要求全體同學(xué)于下午5點(diǎn)前上交作業(yè)。 ③(朗文P1737)Most house plants require good light and regular watering. 大多數(shù)室內(nèi)盆栽植物需要良好的光照和經(jīng)常澆水。 ④(高考江蘇卷)Children 15 years of age and younger require only a birth certificate or copy. 十五歲或以下的兒童只要求出生證或復(fù)印件。 【即境活用】 5.It is ________ in the regulations that you ________ other people the password of your e-mail account. A．required；not tell B．hoped；not tell C．required；not to tell D．hoped；not to tell 解析：選A。require要求后面的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)使用(should)do形式。 6．完成句子 My mobile phone ________________ at once. ＝My mobile phone ________ to be ________ at once. 我的手機(jī)需要馬上修一下。 答案：requires repairing；requires；repaired 4.demand　n．　要求，需求；所需之處 v．　需要，要求 (回歸課本P19)But there will also be a rise in the demand for health care professionals. 而對(duì)健康護(hù)理專家的需求也將會(huì)增長(zhǎng)。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①(牛津P530)I demand to see the manager. 我堅(jiān)決要求見(jiàn)經(jīng)理。 ②The students demand an immediate reply of/from the headmaster.學(xué)生們要求校長(zhǎng)立刻答復(fù)。 ③He demands that I should return his book before Friday. 他要我星期五前歸還他的書。 ④Harry Potter is in great demand at the moment. 《哈利·波特》目前十分暢銷。 ⑤It is impossible to satisfy all demands. 滿足所有需求是不可能的。 【易混辨析】 demand，request，require，ask 這四個(gè)動(dòng)詞均有“要求，請(qǐng)求”之意。 (1)demand 一般指理直氣壯地提出強(qiáng)烈要求，或堅(jiān)持不讓對(duì)方拒絕的要求。 (2)request是正式用詞，指非常正式、有禮貌的請(qǐng)求或懇求，多含擔(dān)心因種種原因?qū)Ψ讲荒艽饝?yīng)的意味。 (3)require強(qiáng)調(diào)根據(jù)事業(yè)、需要或紀(jì)律、法律等而提出的要求。 (4)ask屬普通用詞，指向?qū)Ψ教岢鲆蠡蛘?qǐng)求，長(zhǎng)晚輩、上下級(jí)之間都可使用。 ①She asked that she should be kept informed. ②The wearing of seat belts is required by law. ③All members of the club are requested to attend the annual meeting. ④The President demanded the release of the hostages. 【即境活用】 7.They demanded that the books ________ to the library at once. A．return　　　　　　B．should return C．be returned D．would be returned 解析：選C。demand 后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用“(should)＋動(dòng)詞原形”形式，又因句中books與return之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 8．It was demanded that we ________ in our papers before Friday. A．handed B．hand C．will hand D．have handed 解析：選B。此處是demand的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，同樣要求后面的從句謂語(yǔ)用(should)do形式。 5.have an effect on　對(duì)……產(chǎn)生影響 (回歸課本P13)This last experience had a profound effect on Timoteo.最后的這次經(jīng)歷對(duì)鐵穆特歐產(chǎn)生了重大影響。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①Holding the Olympic Games has a good effect on the development of China. 舉辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)對(duì)中國(guó)的發(fā)展有很好的影響。 ②The medicine failed to take effect.這藥沒(méi)見(jiàn)效。 ③A new system of taxation will come into effect/be brought into effect.一種新的稅制將要實(shí)行。 【即境活用】 9.The talk between the headteacher and me had much effect ________ my study. A．in B．on C．to D．a(chǎn)t 解析：選B。have much effect on“對(duì)……有很大影響”。 10．完成句子 The heavy snow ________________________ traffic on the freeway. 這場(chǎng)大雪對(duì)高速公路的交通產(chǎn)生巨大影響。 答案：had a great effect on 6.in response to　作為……的回應(yīng) (回歸課本P18)I am writing in response to your advertisement for a temporary position as a waiter. 我現(xiàn)在寫信是為了應(yīng)聘你們登廣告要招的臨時(shí)服務(wù)生的工作。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①The film star made no response to the question asked by that reporter.這位電影明星對(duì)那個(gè)記者的問(wèn)題未作回答。 ②(朗文P1681)The law was passed in response to public pressure.在公眾壓力下該法規(guī)獲得通過(guò)。 ③He responded to his boss，“I have given John a month’s notice.” 他回答老板：“我已經(jīng)通知約翰一個(gè)月后他將被辭退?！? 【即境活用】 11．(江蘇四市調(diào)研)Nowadays，many people walk to work ________ Copenhagen Conference calling for living a low-carbon lifestyle to cope with global warming. A．in relation to　　　　B．in response to C．in addition to D．in opposition to 解析：選B?？疾榻樵~短語(yǔ)。句意“如今，許多人走路上班來(lái)響應(yīng)哥本哈根會(huì)議應(yīng)對(duì)全球變暖，低碳生活方式的呼吁?！? 句型梳理 1.【教材原句】 Although there is not a lot of traffic，on average，one vehicle comes off the road every two weeks.(P12) 盡管交通量不大，但平均每?jī)芍芫陀幸惠v車駛出公路。 【句法分析】此處although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。注意此類從句中主句不用but，但可用yet。 ①Although his business is small，(yet)he makes good bread. 他的生意規(guī)模雖小，收入可觀。 ②Although she is young，she is very independent. 雖然她很年輕，但是很有主見(jiàn)。 【注意】　although，though，as均可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。although引導(dǎo)的從句只能用正常語(yǔ)序。as或though從句一般放在主句之前，常用倒裝語(yǔ)序。從句中的表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形置于句首。若表語(yǔ)是單數(shù)名詞，前置時(shí)要省略冠詞。 注意比較下面的說(shuō)法： (√)Smart though/as she is，she doesn’t study hard. (√)Though she is smart，she doesn’t study hard. (√)Although she is smart，she doesn’t study hard. (×)Smart although she is，she doesn’t study hard. 【即境活用】 12．We had to wait half an hour ________ we had already booked a table. A．since B．a(chǎn)lthough C．until D．before 解析：選B。although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“雖然”，句意：雖然我們訂了座位，但是我們不得不等半小時(shí)。since表示“自從”；until表示“直到”；before表示“在……之前”。 13.Young ________ he is，he knows a great deal about advanced technology. A．a(chǎn)s B．a(chǎn)lthough C．so D．yet 解析：選A。句意：他雖然年輕，但對(duì)先進(jìn)的技術(shù)了解甚多。young as he is＝although/though he is young，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 2.【教材原句】　He was driving a lorry load of bananas when he came off the road at a bend and fell three hundred metres down the mountain.(P13) 他正駕駛著一輛滿載香蕉的卡車，突然在一個(gè)拐彎處偏離了車道，墜落到山下300米處。 【句法分析】　when在本句中為并列連詞，意為“就在那時(shí)”，相當(dāng)于and at that time。 when用作“就在那時(shí)”時(shí)，常用于下列句型中： (1)Sb.was doing sth. when...某人正在做某事，就在那時(shí)…… (2)Sb. was about to do sth.when...＝Sb. was on the point of doing sth. when...某人正要做某事，就在那時(shí)…… (3)Sb.had (just)done sth. when...某人剛做完某事，就在那時(shí)…… ①He was doing his homework when the lights went out. 他正在寫作業(yè)，就在那時(shí)燈滅了。 ②She was about to raise her hand when class was over. 她正要舉手，就在那時(shí)下課了。 ③He had just sent an e-mail to his friend on the Internet when his computer broke down. 他剛給他朋友發(fā)了封電子郵件，就在那時(shí)電腦出故障了。 【即境活用】 14．On a rainy day I was riding my bike to pick up my son ________ a terrible accident happened ahead. A．who　　　　　　　　B．which C．while D．when 解析：選D。句意“在一個(gè)下雨天我正在騎自行車去接我兒子，這時(shí)前面突然出了個(gè)事故?！? 15.I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel ________ I heard the steps. A．while B．when C．since D．a(chǎn)fter 解析：選B。句意“我剛從浴室出來(lái)忙著用毛巾擦身子這時(shí)我聽(tīng)到有腳步聲?！? 111