EnglishAroundtheWorld學(xué)案Step1Words1.nativeadj.外鄉(xiāng)的,本國的,土生的(+to)ThegiantpandaisnativetoChina.年夜熊貓是中國特有的植物。ShewasnativetoTaipei.她客籍臺北。n.當(dāng)?shù)厝?本國人Areyouanativehere,orjustavisitor?你是當(dāng)?shù)厝?，或許只是旅客?2.basen根底，基地，基部ThecompanyhasitsbaseinNewYorkandbranchofficesallovertheworld公司總部設(shè)在紐約，分支遍及全天下。vt.以為依照【搭配】baseon把樹破在上，以為依照bebasedon依照，樹破在上Alicealwaysbasesheropinionsonthefacts愛麗絲的不雅念老是樹破在現(xiàn)實的根底之上。，Herconclusionisbasedonscientificresearch她的論斷是樹破在迷信研討的根底上的?！窘?jīng)典例題】Thefilmwasmade_theWorldWarII.A.baseonB.basedonC.baseinD.basedin【謎底】B3latteradj較后的，前面的，(兩者中)后者的Ifindithardtounderstandthelatterpartofhislecture我發(fā)覺他的講座前面局部非常難了解。Didhewalkorswimacrosstheriver?Thelatterseemsunlikely他是趟過河，依然游過河?后者年夜概不克不及夠?！颈嫖觥縧ate，later,latter,lately1)late是描述詞，表現(xiàn)“遲到的，晚的。如：Youarelateagain!你又遲到了。2)later可作描述詞，是late的比擬級，意為“更遲的，更后的；也可作副詞，意為“稍后，隨后，常與on連用。如：Wewilldiscussthisindetailinalaterchapter.咱們將在以后的一章中對這一點作具體的討論。I'lltellyoulater.我以后再通知你。3)latter最常用的含意是“兩者中的(后者)，常與the連用，牢固搭配“theformer，thelatter。如：HereareTomandDavid;thelatterismybrother.這是湯姆跟戴維;后者是我的兄弟。4)lately是副詞，意為“邇來，近來。如：HaveyoubeentoBeijinglately?你近來去過北京嗎?【經(jīng)典例題】Didhegotherebybikeoronfoot?The_seemsunlikely.AlatterBlateClaterDlately【謎底】A4.request1)n.懇求，請求的情況Theymadeanurgentrequestforhelpafterthebigsnowstorm狂風(fēng)雪當(dāng)時他們懇求緊迫支援?！敬钆洹縜tonesrequest=attherequestofsb應(yīng)或人的請求TheteachersanganEnglishsongattherequestofhisstudents·那位教師應(yīng)老師們的請求唱了一首英文歌。makearequest(for)懇求Mr.PainemadearequestthatIshouldhelphim.佩恩老師請求我協(xié)助他。2)vt懇求，請求requestsbtodoIrequestedhimtocomebeforeten.我請求他十點往常來。Visitorsarerequestudnottotakephotos不雅賞者被請求不克不及照相。request后接賓語從句時，從句的謂語動詞要用“should+動詞本相，should能夠省略。此用法也實用于request作名詞接同位語從句，闡明請求的具體內(nèi)容。如：Herequestedthepolicethatthey(should)gothereatonce·他懇求警員破刻趕去那兒。Thesecretarymadearequestthattheyshouldwaitoutside秘書請求他們在不處等待?！窘?jīng)典例題】Visitors_nottotouchtheexhibits.AwillrequestBarerequestedCarerequestingDrequest【謎底】Bmandvt.1).命令O2+thatIcommandthathegoatonce.我命令他破刻就去。Icommandyoutostartatonce.我命令你破刻出發(fā)。2).批示,統(tǒng)率;操縱Hewastoldtocommandhistemper.有人叫他操縱性格。3).領(lǐng)有,控制n.1)命令CWhoissuedthecommandtofire?誰命令開槍的?2).操縱,操縱權(quán);批示,批示權(quán)UHehasahundredmenunderhiscommand.他批示一百團(tuán)體。3).控制;應(yīng)用才能UShehasagoodcommandofspokenEnglish.她的英語書面語非常純熟。6.recognizevt.1).認(rèn)出,識不;看法(+as)Thepolicemanrecognizedherasapickpocket.警員認(rèn)出她是個小偷。HelookedattheenvelopeandrecognizedJenny'shandwritingimmediately.他看了看信封,破刻認(rèn)出是珍妮的字跡。2.)正式成認(rèn);承認(rèn),認(rèn)定(+as)Manycountriesrecognizedthenewgovernment.很多國度成認(rèn)了新當(dāng)局?！窘?jīng)典例題】Oh，itsyou，XiaoMing!I_youIvejusthadmyhaircutandI'mwearingnewglassesAdidntrecognizeBhaventnoticedChadntobservedDdontfind【謎底】AStep2Phraseseup走近，到來；被提出Whileweweretalking，astrangercameuptousandaskedforsomemoney咱們在攀談時，一個生疏人走近咱們，向咱們要鈔票。Theproblemcameupatthemeetingyesterday那個咨詢題昨天在會上被提出來了?！疽族e】comeup表現(xiàn)“被提出時，自動方式表現(xiàn)主動含意，無需再應(yīng)用主動方式?！惧谙搿颗ccome有關(guān)的短語comeabout發(fā)生，發(fā)作comeout出書，comeupwith提出comeacross偶遇cometo合計；觸及；告竣【經(jīng)典例題】Canyouexplainhowit_thatyoumissedthemorningclasses?AcameaboutBcametoCcameupDcameacross【謎底】A2.atpresent如今，現(xiàn)在Motherisbusypreparingdinneratpresent媽媽如今正忙著做飯。Icantgetintouchwithhimatpresent我如今無奈跟他取得聯(lián)絡(luò)?！惧谙搿?)presentn禮品，如今；2)adj列席，在場，以后的，如今的present意為“列席，在場且作定語時，置于名詞、代詞之后；意為“以后的且作定語時，置于名詞之前。如：Theyaremakingacarefulstudyofthepresentsituationoftheworld·他們正在細(xì)心研討以后的天下形勢。Everyonepresentatthemeetingwasstronglyagainstthedecision·參與集會的每團(tuán)體都激烈支撐這項決議。3)vt.贈予,呈獻(xiàn)(with)Theypresentedhimwithabunchofflowers.他們獻(xiàn)給他一束鮮花4)presencen在場，列席Iwassurprisedbythepresenceofsomanypeopleatthemeeting.這么多人列席集會使我覺得受驚?！窘?jīng)典例題】Allthepeople_atthepartywerehissupporters.(2002北京)A.presentB.thankfulC.interestedD.important【謎底】A3.makeuseof應(yīng)用【用法】use前可用good，full，poor,little等詞潤飾。如：Asastudent,youmustmakefulluseofyoursparetime作為老師，你必需充沛應(yīng)用課余時刻。-MakegooduseofeverychancetopractisespeakingEnglishandyourspokenEnglishwillbebettersoon充沛應(yīng)用每一次訓(xùn)練說英語的時機(jī)，那么，你的英語書面語非?？炀蜁兒?。【遐想】與make有關(guān)的短語Makefriendswith跟交冤家makefunof諷刺makeadecision作出決議makeaface/faces扮鬼臉makeprogressin在取得提高【經(jīng)典例題】Everyminutemustbemadefulluseof_spokenEnglish.AtopracticeBpracticingCpracticeDpractised【謎底】A4.suchas比方，諸如斯類，像如斯的Ballgamessuchasbasketballandfootballareveryexciting球類活動，如籃球跟足球，都非常沖動聽心?！颈嫖觥縮uchas,forexample，thatis1)suchas用于羅列同類人或事物中的假定干例子，但不克不及全體列出。如：MrWangisgoodatseveralforeignlanguages，suchasEnglishandFrench王老師通曉好多少門外語，比方英語跟法語。2)forexample普通只羅列多少類人或事物中的一個，其地位可在句首、句中或句末，常常用逗號離開。如：MrWangisgoodatseveralforeignlanguages，forexample，English王老師通曉好多少門外語，比方英語。3thatis所羅列的數(shù)量同等于所提人或事物的總數(shù)，也需求用逗號離隔，如今不克不及用suchas或forexample。如：MrWangisgoodattwoforeignlanguages,thatis，EnglishandFrench.王老師通曉兩門外語，即英語跟法語。Onlyoneboystudentwonthefirstprizeinthemathscontest，thatis，Mike只要一名男生在數(shù)學(xué)比賽中取得一等獎，確實是邁克。【經(jīng)典例題】Manyfamoussingers,_WangFeiandSHE,haveactedinfilms.AsuchBforexampleCthatisDsuchas【謎底】D5.playapartin在中起感化，在中表演腳色Computerisplayingamoreandmoreimportantpartinourdailylife電腦在咱們的一樣平常生涯中正起著越來越主要的感化。Shewasunhappybecausesheplayedasmallpartintheplay她不快樂是由于她在戲中表演一個小腳色?！惧谙搿颗cplayapartin意思一樣的短語有playarolein?！窘?jīng)典例題】Theneweconomicdevelopmentzonewill_inthedevelopmentofthearea.AplayaleadingpartBtakepartCplayleadingpartDtakeapart【謎底】A6.a number of意思是“一些，假定干= some，后接可數(shù)名詞雙數(shù)或代詞，謂語動詞用雙數(shù)方式。a number of詞組中還能夠參與描述詞表現(xiàn)數(shù)量年夜或小等比方：a large/small number of很多/多數(shù)。【辨析】a number of,the number ofthe number of意思是“的數(shù)字/數(shù)量，介詞of同厥后名詞形成介詞短語，潤飾the number.當(dāng)它作主語時，謂語動詞用雙數(shù)。比方：Many people took part in 10,000-metre race, but only a number of them kept on running to the end. 很多人參與了10000米跑，但只要一些人保持跑究竟。A number of my friends think I should take a holiday.我的一些冤家以為我應(yīng)當(dāng)休假。The number of students is about twenty.老師人數(shù)年夜概是20人閣下。【經(jīng)典例題】Anumberofpeople_beeninvitedtotheparty,buttheexactnumber_stillunknown.Ahas;isBhave;areChas;areDhave;is【謎底】DStep3Keysentences1Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglanmadevovagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworldandbecauseofthat，Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries厥后，鄙人個世紀(jì)，英國人開場帆海制服天下其余地域。很多不的國度因而而開場說英語。(1)留意voyage是可數(shù)名詞，常跟make搭配形成makeavoyageto或makevoyagesto，表示“飛行到。雙數(shù)表現(xiàn)一次飛行。(2)初中學(xué)過because表現(xiàn)“由于，與becauseof的區(qū)不是：because是連詞，前面要跟句子，多作緣故狀語從句；becauseof中of是介詞，前面只能跟名詞或代詞或ving作賓語。試比擬：Becauseitwasrainingoutside，westayedathome=Becauseoftherainoutside,westayedathome由于不處下著雨，因而咱們就呆在家里?！窘?jīng)典例題】Wemustnotloseheartonly_thedifficultywearefacedwith.AbecauseBbecauseofCsinceDas【謎底】B2.NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydontspeakthesamekindofEnglish.以英語作為母語的人，即便他們所講的言語不盡一樣，也能夠互相了解。句中“eveniftheydontspeakthesamekindofEnglish是退讓狀語從句。如：Theywillstandbyyouevenifthoughyoudontsucceed即便你不勝利，他們也將支撐你。evenif是一個連詞短語，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)退讓狀語從句，含意是“即便；雖然。當(dāng)退讓狀語從句的動詞用普通如今時表現(xiàn)今后的假定或普通的行動適應(yīng)時，平日用evenif或eventhough。兩者意思一樣，用法也一樣?！窘?jīng)典例題】_Ifailthistime,Iwouldtryagain.AIfonlyBEvenifCwhetherDAsif【謎底】B3Believeitornot，thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish信不信由你，不規(guī)范英語如斯的貨色。1)believeitornot意為“信不信由你，常在句中作拔出語。如：Believeitornot，Johnwillgoabroadforfurtherstudynextmonth信不信由你，約翰下個月就要出國進(jìn)修了。【遐想進(jìn)修】罕見的拔出語有：1)totellyouthetruth假話通知你Totellyouthetruth，I'llspendmysummervacationinYunnan假話通知你吧，我將在云南渡過寒假。2)generallyspeaking普通說來Generallyspeaking，languagelearningneedsalotofpractice普通說來，言語的進(jìn)修需求少量的理論。3)youknowyousee你明白Yousee，mycarbrokedownontheway你明白，我的車在途中壞了。4)Ithink我以為Hiscoat，Ithink，isreallystrange他的外衣，我以為，真實乖僻。【經(jīng)典例題】Itissonicetohearfromher._,welastmetmorethan30yearsago.AWhatsmoreBThatstosayCInotherwordsDBelieveitornot【謎底】D(2)nosuchthing意為“不如斯的情況。such與no,any,all,some,another,one，many，afew,alittle等詞連用時，常置于這些詞之后。如：Thereisnosuchpersoninourschool咱們黌舍不如斯的人。Ihavemetmanysuchpeople我碰見過很多如斯的人?！窘?jīng)典例題】Wehave_bookyouarelookingfor.AsuchnoBnosuchCnotsuchDnosucha【謎底】B4TheUSAisalargecountryinwhichmanydifferentdialectsarespoken美國事一個應(yīng)用多種方言的年夜國。inwhich領(lǐng)導(dǎo)定語從句潤飾先行詞country，關(guān)聯(lián)代詞which作介詞in的賓語，inwhich在定語從句中作所在狀語，可用where替代。如：Thefactoryinwhichheonceworkedhasbeendoseddown他已經(jīng)任務(wù)過的工場已被封閉。在“介詞+關(guān)聯(lián)代詞領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的定語從句中，應(yīng)依照句意與搭配的需求選擇準(zhǔn)確的介詞或短語介詞。如：Hestudiesintheschoolatthebackofwhichthereisariver.他在面前有條河道的那所黌舍進(jìn)修。Canyouseethenewbuildingonthetopofwhichfliesaredflag?你能瞥見到那座樓頂飄著一面紅旗的新年夜樓嗎?【經(jīng)典例題】Thepen_heiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich【謎底】AThisisthereason_hedidn'tcometothemeeting.A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich【謎底】D5.Well，goroundthecorneronyourleft-handside-straightonandcrosstwostreets哦，在拐角處向左拐，照直向前走。穿過兩條街道。straightadv直截了當(dāng)；挺直adj直的；蜿蜒的；耿直的Gostraightdowntheroadandthenturnleft沿著這條路不斷走，而后左轉(zhuǎn)。Hewenttobedstraightaftersupper他晚飯后直截了當(dāng)去睡了。Hisfriendisatallslimgirlwithastraightnose他的冤家是位鼻子挺直、身體高而修長的小姐。Asyouknow，hisuncleisastraightman如你所知，他的叔叔是一個耿直的人?！窘?jīng)典例題】-Lucydoesnthavecurlyhair.-Yes,wecansayshehas_hair.AniceBblondeCshortDstraight【謎底】DStep4Grammar直截了當(dāng)引語跟直接引語(II)直截了當(dāng)引語表現(xiàn)懇求、命令、發(fā)起時，變?yōu)橹苯右Z看似復(fù)雜，但應(yīng)用起來要視句義、功用與談話者的語氣、立場選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膭釉~。進(jìn)修時，應(yīng)側(cè)重留意以下多少個方面：1直截了當(dāng)引語為祈使句，假定表白懇求、命令、請求、告訴、鼓舞等意思，在變?yōu)橹苯右Z時，平日將祈使句的動詞本相釀成動詞不定式，并視句意在動詞不定式前加上asktellorder,advise，invite，warn，beg，offer,encourage等動詞，祈使句中的please在直接引語中不再呈現(xiàn)。如：“PleasespeakEnglishinclass，theteachersaidtousTheteacheraskedustospeakEnglishinclass“Becarefulwithstrangers,"MrBrownsaidtoherMrBrownwarnedhertobecarefulwithstrangers“MrsSmith，letmecarrytheheavyboxforyou，saidMikeMikeofferedtocarrytheheavyboxforMrsSmith假定祈使句為否認(rèn)式，改為直接引語時應(yīng)將dont改為notto或neverto。如：“Dontforgettoturnoffthelight，MothersaidtoTomMotheraskedTomnottoforgettoturnoffthelight2假如直截了當(dāng)引語是表現(xiàn)勸說、倡議的祈使句或疑咨詢句，變?yōu)橹苯右Z時，能夠用suggestdoing或suggestthat構(gòu)造。如：WangPingsaid，“Letstakeawalkaftersupper.Pingsuggestedtakingawalkaftersupper或：WangPingsuggestedthatweshouldtakeawalkaftersupper“Shallwelistentothemusic?hesaidtome.Hesuggestedlisteningtothemusic或：Hesuggestedthatweshouldlistentothemusic3假如直截了當(dāng)引語是表現(xiàn)懇求的疑咨詢句，變?yōu)橹苯右Z時，平日用“askadvise+sb+不定式構(gòu)造。如：“Willyouhelpmewithmylessons?MarysaidtoJaneMaryaskedJanetohelpherwithherlessons“Wouldyoumindmovingoverabit?shesaidtomeSheaskedmetomoveoverabit“WhydontyouaskMrWangforhelp?hesaidtoJackHeadvisedJacktoaskMrWangforhelp或：HesuggestedJacksaskingMrWangforhelp然而：“Willyoubefreethisaftemoon?shesaid不克不及用上述構(gòu)造，由于該咨詢句不具有懇求的功用，應(yīng)依照咱們在Unit1中進(jìn)修到的規(guī)那么變更。4最初咱們復(fù)雜進(jìn)修一下感慨句變直接引語的辦法。由what或how領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的感慨句變?yōu)殚g接引語時，可用what或how領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，也能夠用that領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。如：'Whatabeautifuldressitis!shesaidShesaidwhatabeautifuldressitwas或：Shesaidthatitwasabeautifuldress