2013高考英語(yǔ)二輪專題思路點(diǎn)撥及增分訓(xùn)練閱讀理解11Does your older brother think hes cleverer than you ? Well, hes probably right According to a new research published in the journal Intelligence, the oldest children in families are likely to have the highest IQs and the youngest the lowest ,A number of studies have suggested that IQ scores decline with birth order In the most recent study, at Vrije University, Amsterdam,researchers looked at men and women whose IQ had been tested at the ages of 5，12 ，and 18The results , which show a trend for the oldest to score better than the youngest in each test, involved about 200,000people That showed that first-borns had a three-point IQ advantage over the second-born, who was a point ahead of the next in lineThe order of birth can also affect personality, achievement, and career, with first-borns being more academically successful and more likely to win Nobel prizes However,eldset children are less likely to be radical and pioneering Charles Darwin, for example, was the fifth child of sixExactly why there should be such differences is not clear, and there are a number of theories on environmental influences on the childThe so-called dilution(稀釋法) theory suggests that as family resources, both emotional and physical, as well as economic, are limited, it follows that, as a result , as more children come along, the levels of parental attention and encouragement will drop Another theory is that the intellectual(智力) environment in the family favors the first-born who has, at least for some time, the benefit of individual care and helpThe theory which enjoys the most support is that the extra time and patience that the earlier-borns get from their parents, compared with those arriving later, gives them an advantage72What is the passage mainly about?AIQ scores have little to do with the order of birthBIntellectual families favor the first-bornCThe order of birth can have an effect on IQDThe order of birth can affect personality, achievement, and carrer73By using Charles Darwin as an example, the author wants to prove that Aeldest children are the smartest in a family Byoungest children will usually become expertsCfirst-borns are more likely to win Nobel prizesDeldest children are less likely to try something new74What do we know about the dilution theory?AIntellectual parents love the first born betterBParents attention will drop with more children comingCFamily resources,both emotional and physical are endlessDFirst-born get less care and help from their parents75The passage is developed mainly by Aoffering opinion with further explanationBpointing out similarities and differenceCcomparing opinions from different fieldsDproviding typical examples參考答案 72-75、CDBAAAn 18-year-old student has won a local election to become mayor of his hometown in the US state of MichiganMichael Sessions won by just two votes to beat his only rival （對(duì)手）, the 51-year-old former mayorMr.Sessions owed his electoral success to the votes cast by his parentsHe will now have to balance schedules between attending school and fulfilling his civic dutiesHe will attend his school classes between 8am to 3pm and carry out his new job as the elected mayor of Hillsdale before dinner at 6pmHe aims to deliver on his campaign promises of increasing the number of full-time fire-fighters from three to four, revitalizing（復(fù)興） the local economy and enabling townsfolk to air their views and complaints （抱怨） on town lifeMrSessions was too young to enter the election when it was first announced he turned 18 only in September, which meant he had just four weeks of campaigningAlthough he is the youngest elected official in America, he cannot celebrate his success with champagne because he would be seized by the police for underage drinkingHe ran for office with a budget of $700, which he made from his summer job of selling toffee applesHis new position does not come with an officeInstead, he will receive a yearly salary of $3,600 to cover basic expensesHe starts his four-year position on November 21Mr.Sessions has become famous overnight since his victory and has already done a series of television chat show interviews56How did Michael Sessions win his election?ABy selling toffee apples during the summerBBy making promises before the electionCBy beating the former mayor in the faceDBy getting two more votes from his parents57He started his campaign only in September because _Ahe was too young to run for public office before thenBthen the election was first announcedCthe candidates had only four weeks of campaigningDIt could only happen in America58Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?AAn 18-year-old has been elected mayor of Washington DCBThe newly elected mayor will stop going to school after taking officeCHe will not get his own officeDThe young man wants to become a television chat show host59Which will be the best title for the passage?A18-year-old Elected as US MayorBYoung or OldBFamous OvernightDParents Support參考答案5659 DACA B The round-the-clock（24小時(shí)不斷的）availability that cell phone have brought to peoples lives may be taking a toll on family life，a new study suggestsThe study，which followed more than 1，300 adults over 2 years, found that those who consistently used a mobile phone throughout the study period were more likely to report negative “spillover between work and home lifeand，in turn, less satisfaction with their family life Spillover essentially（本質(zhì)上）means that the line between work and home begins to become unclearWork life may invade home life when aparent is taking jobrelated calls at home，for instance-or family issues may start to take up work timeFor example，a child may call mom at work，telling her "microwave exploded” explained Noelle Chesley，an assistant professor of sociology at the University of WisconsinMilwaukee and the author of the studyThe problem with cell phones seems to be that they are allowing for ever more spillover between work and home This may be especially true for working women，the study foundAmong men，consistent use of mobile phones seemed to allow more work issues to creep （潛入）into family timeBut for women，the spillover tended to go in both directions being “connected” meant that work cut into home time，and family issues came：into work life Cell phones seem to be opening more lines for stressful exchanges among family membersBut there may be ways to control the spillover，according to ChesleyEmployers, she said，could look at their policies on contacting employees after hours to make sure their expectations are “reasonable”For their part，employees could decide that cell phones go off during family time, Chesley said60What does the underlined phrase “taking a toll probably mean in Paragraph 1?AExplaining BProtecting CExtending DDamaging61What is the purpose of offering the example “microwave exploded” in the second paragraph?ATo show the microwave is of poor quality BTo indicate how dependent the child is CTo indicate family issues affect work hours DTo show work time creeps into family life62As a result of negative “spillover”，people will feel _A1ess satisfied with their family life B1ess satisfied with their workCangry with their troublesome children Dunwilling to get married at an early age63We can learn from the passage that _.Aspillover makes the line between work and home unclear Bcell phones seem to be convenient to families Ccell phones affect men as much as womenDwe can do nothing to solve the problem參考答案 60-63 DCAA CYears ago, when I started looking for my first job, wise advisers advised, “Barbara, be enthusiastic! Enthusiasm will take you further than any amount of experience.” How right they were!“Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm” Wrote Ralph Waldo EmersonIt is the paste that helps you hang on there when the going gets tough. It is the inner voice that whispers, “I can do it!” When others shout, “No, you cant!” It took years and years for the early work of Barbara Mclintock, a geneticist who won the 1983 Nobel Prize in medicine, to be generally accepted. Yet she didnt stop working on her experiments. Work was such a deep pleasure for her that she never thought of stopping. We are all born with wide-eyed, enthusiastic wonder and it is this childlike wonder that gives enthusiastic people such youthful air, whatever their age. At 90, cellist Pablo Casals would start his day by playing Bach. As the music flowed through his fingers, his stooped shoulders would straighten and joy would reappear in his eyes. As author and poet Samuel Ulman once wrote, “Years wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul.” Enthusiastic people also love what they do, regardless of money or title or power. Patricia Mellratl retired director of the Missouri Repertory Theater in Kansas City, was once asked where she got her enthusiasm. She replied, “My father, long ago, told me，I never made a dime until I stopped working for money.” If we cannot do what we love as a full-time career, we can as a hobby. Elizabeth Layton Wellsville，Kan，was 68 before she began to draw. This activity ended periods of depression that troubled her for at least 30 years and the quality of her work led one critic to say, “I am tempted into a genius.” We cant afford to waste tears on “might-have-been”. We need to turn the tears into sweat as we go after “what-can-be”We need to live each moment whole-heartedly, with all our sensesfinding pleasure in the sweet smell of a back-yard garden, the simple picture of a six-year-old, the beauty of a rainbow.64. The author holds the view that _ .A. enthusiasm is more important than experienceB. enthusiasm can give people more success and fameC. enthusiastic people will never get oldD. enthusiasm can make you succeed and enjoy life65. Which of the following can best explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph2?A. Enthusiastic people never consider money and fameB. Enthusiastic people can gain great fame and honorC. Enthusiasm can give you courage and strength in difficult timesD. If you dont have enthusiasm，you can achieve nothing66. The author mentions cellist Pablo Casals inParagraph3 to show that _ .A. enthusiasm can make people feel youngB. music can arouse peoples enthusiasmC. enthusiasm can give people inspiration needed to succeedD. enthusiasm can keep people healthy67. How many examples are given in the passage to show the importance of enthusiasm?A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five參考答案 64- 67DCAC DTODAY, Friday, November 12 JAZZ with the Mike Thomas Jazz Band at The Derby Arms. Upper Richmond Road West, Sheen. DISCO Satin Sounds Disco. Free at The Lord Napier, Mort lake High St., from 8a. m. to 8p. m. Tel: 6821158. SATURDAY, November 13 JAZZ Lysis at The Bulls Head, Barnes. Admission 60p. MUSICAL HALL at The Star and Garter, Lower Richmond Road, Putney, provided by the Aba Daba Music Hall company. Good food and entertainment fair price. Tel: 7896749. FAMILY night out? Join the sing-along at The Black Horse. Sheen Road, Richmond. JAZZ The John Bennett Big Band at The Bulls Head, Barnes. Admission 80p. THE DERBY ARMS, Upper Richmond Road West, give you Joe on the electric accordion(手風(fēng)琴). Tel: 7894536SUNDAY, November 14 DISCO Satin Sounds Disco, free at The Lord Napier, Mort Lake High Street, from 8 a. m. to 8 p. m. FOLK MUSIC at The Derby Arms. The Short Stuff and residents the Norman Chop Trio. Non-remembers 70p. Tel: 6884626. HEAVY MUSIC with Tony Simon at The Bull, Upper Richmond Road West, East Sheen. THE DERBY ARMS, Upper Richmond Road West, give you Joe on the electric accordion. 68. Where and when can you hear the Norman Chop Trio?A. At the Bulls Head on Sunday. B. At the Derby Arms on Sunday. C. At the Bull on Saturday. D. At the Black Horse on Saturday. 69. Where and when can you hear the Mike Thomas Jazz Band?A. At the Derby Arms on Friday. B. At the Black Horse on Friday. C. At the Star and Garter on Saturday. D. At the Derby Arms on Sunday. 70. You want to enjoy the electric accordion on Saturday. Which telephone number do you have to ring to find out what time it starts?A. 7896749. B. 7894536. C. 6821158. D. 6884626. 71. You want to spend the Saturday by joining the entertainment with your family. Where should you go?A. Disco at The Lord Napier. B. The sing-along at The Black Horse. C. The electric accordion at The Derby Arms. D. Jazz at The Bulls Head. 參考答案 68-71 BABBENature responds to climate change. To understand it, we need to monitor key life cycle eventsflowering, the appearance of leaves, the first frog calls of the spring -all around the worldBut scientists cant be everywhere so theyre turning to non-scientists, some times called citizen scientists, for helpA group of scientists and educators set up an organization last year called the National Phenology Network“Phenology” is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in natureOne of the groups first efforts depends on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every yearThe program, called Project BudBurst, collects life cycle data on different kinds of usual plants from across the United States“People dont have to be plant experts they just have to look around and see whats in their neighborhood,” says Jennifer Schwartz, an adviser with the project“As we collect this data, well be able to predict how plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes”That data will help scientists predict not only how natural communities may change but also how these changes will affect peopleScientists monitoring lilac flowering in the western United States reported that in years when lilacs bloomed early before May 20th wildfires later in the summer and fall are larger and more severeLilac blooming could serve as an alarm bell, Jennifer says.Improved monitoring is an important step toward predicting how natural communities will respond to climate change“The best way for us to increase our knowledge of how plants and animals are responding to climate change is to increase the amount of data we have,” he says“Thats why we need citizen scientists to get as much information from as many places on as many species over as long a time period as we can”72The National Phenology Network is set up to _Aresearch how nature makes response to climate changeBkeep a record of what is happening in natureCmake a study of the first frog calls of the springDjudge what plants will die out in the future73The task of Project BudBurst is to _Agrow more plants to improve the climateBcollect information about usual plantsCmake citizens tell different plantsDfind out how many kinds of plants there are in America74By saying “Lilac blooming could serve as an alarm bell” in Para 6, Jennifer meant _.Alilac flowers could make people feel anxious or afraidBlilacs could warn people of the danger of wildlifeCthe blooming of lilacs could predict the happeningg of wildfiresDthe flowers of lilacs could be used to wake people up75The main idea of this passage is _Awhy we need to collect data about natureBwhen an alarm bell sounds for natureCwhat citizen scientists are in AmericaDhow nature responds to climate change參考答案72-75 ABCD