南寧市2014高考英語(yǔ)一輪（暑假） 閱讀理解訓(xùn)練（5）及答案閱讀理解猜測(cè)詞義1Passage * Both warm-blooded and cold-blooded desert animals have ways to escape the desert heat. Warm-blooded desert animals, such as rats and mice, rest during the day, often staying in cool underground burrows. At night they search for food. Animals that are out during the day, such as cold-blooded lizards and snakes, are active only for short periods. As their body tem- perature rises, these reptiles move into the shade in order to cool down. In the early evening, when the sun grows weaker, the reptiles become more active and begin their search for food again. Getting enough water to survive is a major problem for all desert animals. Some desert animals, like desert birds, manage to find water holes. Other desert animals, such as the kangaroo rat and the related jerboa, get water only from the food that they eat. Because these animals eat mainly dry seeds, they must survive on a tiny amount of water. Most deserts have only a small number of frogs and toads because these animals must be near water to survive. Yet even these creatures have adapted (適應(yīng)) to desert conditions. When small amounts of water collect in temporary streams, the desert-living frogs and toads become active. After a rainfall, they lay their eggs. The eggs grow into tadpoles in a few days and into adults in just four weeks, when the puddles (7(t7i;) dry up, the adult frogs or toads dig into the ground. Their metabolism (新陳代謝) slows, and they stay beneath the ground until the next rain, which may be as good as a year away. Until then, their bodily activities continue at a reduced rate.The camel-often called the ship of the desert-is one of the most successful desert animals. Camels can go for long pe- riods without water, but eventually they must drink. When water becomes available to them after a long drought, they may drink 95 liters of water or more. When water is not available, what helps camels survive the desert heat is the fat stored in their humps (駝峰). A camel's hump contains about 12 kilograms of fat. Fat is rich in hydrogen. As the fat is digested, hydrogen from the fat combines with oxygen in the air that the camel breathes. The result is H20, or water. Each kilogram of fat that a camel digests produces about a liter of water.1. Desert animals are usually more active at night because . A. it is cooler at night B. it is easier to find water C. they like the dark D. they are less likely to be attacked at night 答案：A指導(dǎo)：文章的首句：“Bothwarm-bloodedandcold-blooded desert animals have ways to escape the desert heat”A項(xiàng)與此信息吻合。2. Which of the following desert animals can get water only from the food? A. The camel B. The kangaroo C. The frog D. The rat. 答案：B指導(dǎo)：第二段：“Other desert animals，such as the kangatoo rat and related jerboa，get wateronly from the food that theyeat”本句明確告知B項(xiàng)是正確的。注意：D項(xiàng)therat指的是“田鼠”。3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. All the desert animals rest during the day. B. All the desert animals don't rest during the day. C. Cold blooded desert animals are out most of the day. D. None of the cold-blooded desert animals go out during the day. 答案：B 指導(dǎo)：注意本句的意思是：并不是所有的沙漠動(dòng)物都在白天休息。而不是所有的沙漠動(dòng)物都不在白天休息。4. The title for this passage could probably be_. A. Hot Deserts B. Desert Animals C. How Desert Animals Get Water D. Ways To Escape the Desert Heat 答案：B 指導(dǎo)：本文正是介紹“沙漠動(dòng)物”的。5. The underlined word "burrows"in the first paragraph can be replaced by _ A. holes B. caves C. rooms D. openings 答案：A指導(dǎo)：根據(jù)常識(shí)和burrows之前的underground一詞可以作出判斷。*結(jié)束閱讀理解猜測(cè)詞義1 Passage * When I was about 12, I had an enemy, a girl who liked to point out my shortcomings. Week by week her list grew; I was very thin; I wasn't a good student. I talked too much; I was too proud, and so on. I tried to bear all these as long as I could. At last, I became very angry. I ran to my father with tears in my eyes. He listened to me quietly. Then he asked, "Are the things she says true or not? Janet, didn't you ever wonder what you are really like? Well, you now have that girl's opinion. Go and make a list of everything she said and mark the points that are true. Pay no attention to the other things she said. I did as he told me. To my great surprise, I discovered that about half the things were true. Some of them I couldn't change like being very thin, but a good number I could and suddenly I wanted to change. For the first time I got a fairly clear picture of myself. I brought the list back to Daddy. He refused to take it. "That's just for you," he said. "You know better than anyone, the truth about yourself. But you have to learn to listen, not just close your ears in anger and feeling hurt. When something said about you is true, you'll find it will be of help to you. Our world is full of people who think they know your duty. Don't shut your ears. Listen to them all, but bear the truth and do what you know is the right thing to to."Daddy's advice has returned to me at many important moments. In my life, I've never had a better piece of advice. 1. What does "Week by week her list grew"mean? A. Week by week, my shortcomings grew more serious B. She made a list of my shortcomings and kept on adding new ones to it. C. I was having more and more shortcomings as time went on. D. She discovered more shortcomings of mine and pointed them out to me. 答案: D指導(dǎo)：從文中第一句話和"Weekbyweekherlistgrow” 后的一句話知D選項(xiàng)為最佳選項(xiàng)。*結(jié)束閱讀理解猜測(cè)詞義 Passage * Did you ever think someone was scary because they looked different or ate strange food? Well, they might think the same about you! One of the things we all need to do is to celebrate variety. We shouldn't think badly of people from other cultures because they are different from our own. Sometimes we judge people from other countries unfairly, because one person from that culture did something bad. Well, has your class ever been punished just because a few kids were causing trouble? Has your whole family ever been blamed for something your little sister did? It doesn't seem fair, does it? It's just asunfair to blame a whole culture for what two or three people do. So here are some things that you can do to help yourself understand other cultures:1. Find common ground! Remember that even though some people look different on the outside, it doesn't change what they look on the inside. They still have the same feelings!2. Don't blame everyone because of one! 'So let's-say someone from another culture is being mean and you decide to avoid everyone from that culture. Well, think about it Why are you blaming them for something they didn't have anything to do with? Put yourself in their shoes. How would you feel? Trying, to understand how a person thinks can be a very good way to understand why they are acting that way. Remember, other people may not think the same way. 3. Try to make friends with people from other cultures. You could ask them what they know about their culture, or what it was like in their country. Try foods from that culture, or ask them if they know any words in that language. You might be surprised at how pure other cultures can be! You call have great discussions and have lots of fun doing new things.4. Know that people always judge other people. If you know what you are thinking then you can help make things easier. Pay attention to what you think about other people. It helps!1. What is mainly discussed in this passage? A. Why there are differences between people. B. What to do to understand other cultures. C. How people feel when they meet people from other cultures. D. Where differences between people lie. 答案：B 指導(dǎo)：主旨大意題。本文第一段總起提出面對(duì)文化差異人們所產(chǎn)生的錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)識(shí)的問(wèn)題，然后就此提出建議。2. In the author' s opinion, one mistake about how we treat cultural differences is that we_. A. cannot see and share what people have in common B. believe that other people may certainly thin badly of us C. don't want to learn anything valuable in other cultures D. try to find the reason for the differences 答案：B 指導(dǎo)：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。作者在第四段建議我們要find common ground可見他認(rèn)為不能做到這一點(diǎn)是人們的錯(cuò)誤所在。故選A3. The underlined word "celebrate" here most probably means_. A. to feel proud of B. to express ideas to C. to praise and enjoy D. to pay attention to 答案：C 指導(dǎo)：詞義猜測(cè)題。celebrate通常的意義是“慶?！保@里應(yīng)是“贊賞”之意。celebrate variety意即要把文化的差異看作是一件好事。4. By saying ". then you can help make things easier. "the author means you will_. A. make more friends B. know more about the world C. have more fun in life D. find fewer differences between you and others 答案：D 指導(dǎo)：猜測(cè)句意題。從作者的總體論述中不難看出，他的觀點(diǎn)是“只要我們能換位思考，有文化包容心理，那么一切事情都好辦”，換言之，“你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)不同文化間無(wú)所謂有什么差別了。”*結(jié)束【閱讀理解推理判斷】Passage * Governors, lawyers and business leaders have to deal with scientists, and every educated person finds his views affected by science. Yet our science teaching of non-scientists, in school and college,has built up mistaken ideas, dislikes, and the common boast, "I never did understand science.' Even those students who arrive at college with plans to become scientists usually bring a mistaken picture of science: some have a collection of unorganized facts about science, and some regard the study of science as a game which includes getting the right answer.The first of these attitudes seems to come from a kind of course which provides various kinds of information; the second, from a training course on how to pass examinations that do not ask about the student's understanding but simply require him to put the numbers in the right formulas(公式). Neither type of courses (in school or college) seems to give students and understanding of science as we find it among scientists. Neither shows students how real scientists work and think how the facts are gathered, how discoveries are made, and what they mean. Young people need good teaching of science, not so much a great wealth of knowledge as a healthy understanding of the nature of science. They need an un-derstanding of knowl edge leading to sympathy with science and an eagerness of the way scientists work. Given these, it is easy to encourage later reading and learning. 1. One of the reasons that cause mistaken ideas of science is . A. a mistaken picture in students' mind B. the unscientific way of teaching of science C. the fact that students fail to see the influence (影響)of science D. the fact that students have a collection of unrelated facts about science 答案: B 指導(dǎo)：由文中第一段第二句"Yetourscience teaching of non-scientists，inschool and in college”可知教育方式是錯(cuò)的，所以B為正確答案。2. According to the passage, we can safely say that the subject of the passage is _. A. need for good science teaching B. every person, including governors, lawyers and business leaders should study science C. young people should form a correct attitude to science D. students must know what science is and how scientists work and think 答案: A 指導(dǎo)：根據(jù)文章先說(shuō)明教育的失誤，再分析為何不正確，最后在結(jié)尾解決問(wèn)題"young people need good teaching of science”。所以A為正確答案。3. A good course of science is_. A. to teach students to do things according to formulas B. to provide students with all kinds of information C. to help students have a good understanding and form a correct attitude to science D. to encourage students to have a good command of knowledge答案：C 指導(dǎo)：根據(jù)文中第二段中第五行"Neithertype of courses seems to give students an understanding“scienceNeither shows students how real scientists work and think”可知C為最佳選項(xiàng)。 4. People such as governors, lawyers and business leaders deal with scientists mainly because _. A. scientists are great persons B.scientists make discoveries and apply them to help people live a more comfortable, stable and safe life C. they owe much to scientists' contributions D. they can be affected by scientists when they are together 答案：B 指導(dǎo)：由文中第一段第一句"and every educated person fidshis viewaffected by science'可知與上一句構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，所以B為最佳選項(xiàng)。*結(jié)束