2013年高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語廣東版 語法熱點(diǎn)突破第七講連詞和關(guān)系詞一、并列連詞內(nèi)涵單個連詞復(fù)合連詞順承and（和，同），when（恰好在這時）not_only.but_（also）（不但而且），both. and （既又，和兩個都），neither.nor（既不也不）選擇or（否則）otherwise（否則）or else否則轉(zhuǎn)折but（但是，可是），yet（然而，可是）對比while（而，卻，反之）not.but（不是而是）因果for（因?yàn)椋瑂o（因此，所以）說明祈使句（表示條件）and/or陳述句（謂語多用將來時）if條件句陳述句并列連詞when主要用于主語was/were doing sth.when sb./sth. did；主語was/were about to do sth.when sb./sth. did；主語was/were on the point of doing sth.when sb./sth.did；主語had done sth.when sb./sth. did等句型中，表示“當(dāng)主語正在做、正要做、剛剛做完某事，這時突然發(fā)生另外一件事”。二、狀語從句的連接詞狀語從句種類連詞時間when（當(dāng)時候），while（在期間），as（當(dāng)，一邊一邊），before（在之前），after（在之后），since（自從以來），till/until（直到才），whenever（無論何時），as soon as （一就）條件if（如果），unless（if.not）（除非，如果不），once（一旦），while（as/so long as只要），as/so long as（只要），on condition that（在的條件下），supposing/provided/providing （that）（假如）原因because（因?yàn)椋?，as（由于），since（既然），now that（既然），seeing （that）（由于，鑒于），considering （that）（考慮到），given （that）（考慮到）結(jié)果such.that（如此以至于），so.that（如此以至于），so that（結(jié)果，以至于）目的lest（免得，以免），so that（為了，以便），in case（以防萬一，以免），in order that（為了，以便），for fear that（以免，唯恐）地點(diǎn)where（在哪里，在地方），wherever（無論在哪里，在任何地方）比較than（比），as.as（和一樣），not so/as.as（和不一樣），the more. the more（越越）方式as（正如，像，按照），as_if（as though似乎，好像）讓步though（雖然），although（雖然），as（盡管，雖然），while（雖然），even_if（even though即使），whether.or（不論/不管還是），what等疑問詞ever（無論），no matterwhat等疑問詞（無論/不管）三、定語從句引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系代詞：that，which，who，whom，whose，as關(guān)系副詞：when，where，why在從句中充當(dāng)狀語。定語從句三步：第一找出先行詞；第二看引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中的語法功能（作主語、賓語、定語或狀語）；第三選擇合適的關(guān)系詞。（一）1修飾物時只用which不用that的情況。（1）引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時。如：Bamboo is hollow，which makes it light.（2）當(dāng)關(guān)系詞前有介詞時。如：This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.2修飾人時只用who不用that的情況。（1）先行詞為one，ones，anyone，those指代人時。如：The person I want to learn from is one who studies hard and works well.I don't like those who look down upon others.（2）當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時，只能用whom。如：The person to whom this letter was addressed died three years ago.（二）way在定語從句中作先行詞的用法當(dāng)先行詞為way，關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語時，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞可用in which，that或省略引導(dǎo)詞。但如果關(guān)系詞在句中作主語或賓語時，則用which或that引導(dǎo)。如：This is the way that/in_which/省略 I do such things.I don't like the way that/in_which/省略 he looks at me.This is the way that/which he has thought out.（三）若先行詞是表示時間、地點(diǎn)的名詞時，不能草率地認(rèn)為定語從句就一定用when和where引導(dǎo)，而是需要弄清從句中缺少什么成分，然后再確定恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞。This is the room where I lived last year.This is the house that/which I bought last year.This is the shop where I bought my bike.This is the room that/which I lived in last year.（四）定語從句與簡單句等的區(qū)別。如果兩個句子之間是分號，或有and，but，so等連接詞，則這兩個句子為兩個并列句；如果兩個句子之間是逗號，且沒有上述的連接詞，則這兩個句子之間就是主從關(guān)系，須有一個引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。尤其值得注意的是，逗號后面也許根本就不是一個句子，而只是一個同位語。（1）Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment，which I will always treasure.（2）They have more than 100 books；most of them are English.（3）They have more than 100 books，most of which are English.（3）They have more than 100 books，and most of them are English.四、名詞性從句（一）引導(dǎo)詞1that沒有任何意義，不作任何句子成分，只起連接作用，故?？墒÷?。2if/whether意為“是否”。3who，which，what，when，where，how，whoever（凡是的人）等連接代詞或連接副詞，這些詞本身有詞義，也作句子成分，連接代詞在從句中作主語、賓語、表語，連接副詞在從句中作狀語。（二）1that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，沒有任何意義，也不作任何句子成分；但that引導(dǎo)定語從句時，它代替先行詞，且在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。如：I still remember the promise that he made.我依然記得他許下的諾言。（定語從句）The naughty boy made a promise that he would never make a noise.那個淘氣的孩子保證說他以后再也不吵鬧了。（同位語從句）2what可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句但不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，有時相當(dāng)于“the名詞that”，表示“（所）的”。（1）What_（The_thing_that）_you_said was right.你所說的是正確的。（2）I don't know what to say.（3）I like everything that you told me.3主語從句作主語，主句謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)；為使句子平衡，常用it作形式主語。（1）China has a longhistory that is known to all.It's_known_to_all_that_China_has_a_long_history.4表語從句還可以用as if，as though引導(dǎo)。5表示“是否”，引導(dǎo)賓語從句時可用if或whether，但在介詞后或與or not連用時，只能用whether引導(dǎo)；引導(dǎo)表語從句、同位語從句或位于句首的主語從句時，只能用whether，不用if。（1）Whether we will go shopping tomorrow depends on the weather.（2）Let me know whether or not you can come.6同位語從句一般放在fact，news，idea，promise，suggestion，advice等抽象名詞之后，說明或解釋這些抽象名詞的具體內(nèi)容。多用that引導(dǎo)，不能由which引導(dǎo)。The fact that he tells lies all the time makes us surprised.他一直說謊這個事實(shí)使我們感到驚訝。7當(dāng)賓語從句帶有補(bǔ)語時，要用it作形式賓語。（1）I find it necessary that we study English well.（2）She has made it clear that she will get married next month.8在表示“建議”“命令”“要求”，如advice，suggestion，proposal，order，demand，request等詞后的名詞性從句，其謂語通常用“（should）動詞原形”。My suggestion is that we should_set_off right now.即時訓(xùn)練并列連詞練習(xí)用適當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘羞B詞填空1Tom was about to close the window _ his attention was caught by a bird.2Hurry up，_ we'll be late for the train.3I am reading a novel，_ she is reading a letter.4_ does Jack do his work well，_ he helps others with their work.5She must be out，_ the lights are out.6_ she did not speak clearly _ I did not hear well.7I never saw him again and _ did I hear from him.8Use your head，_ you'll find a way.9Something went wrong with my bike this afternoon，_ I walked home.10Li Ping doesn't talk much，_ he thinks a lot.語篇填空One day I was playing the piano 1._ I heard a knock at the door.It was my neighbour Jack.He wanted to buy a second­hand piano.Everyone said I played the piano well,2._ he asked me to help to judge the tone of the piano.We arrived at the owner's house and I looked the piano over,3._ sat down and played a mixture of honky­tonk numbers 4._ classical pieces.When I finished，I said that the wood was rotten，but 5._ the sound was good and （6）_ he should buy it.When he told the woman he agreed to buy it，to his great 7._，she began to cry.8._ （concern），he asked，“What's the matter？”“We didn't know the piano 9._ play like that，” she replied.The piano wasn't for sale,10._ her daughter had to resume（重新開始）taking piano lessons.狀語從句練習(xí)用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞或代詞填空1Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon，or_ it is convenient to you.2He had no sooner finished his speech _ the students started cheering.3Jack wasn't saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him _ he had done something very clever.4He had his camera ready _ he saw something that would make a good picture.5If a lot of people say a film is not good，I won't bother to see it，or I'll wait _ it comes out on DVD6The police officers in our city work hard _ the rest of us can live a safe life.7It was a nice meal，_ a little expensive.8The girl had hardly rung the bell _ the door was opened suddenly，and her friend rushed out to greet her.9Today，we will begin _ we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.10The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _ he wanted to sit next to his wife.11John thinks it won't be long _ he is ready for his new job.12You may use the room as you like _ you clean it up afterwards. 13_ the police thought he was the most likely one，since they had no exact proof about it，they could not arrest him.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1Jane paused in front of a counter _ some attractive ties were on display.2The old town has narrow streets and small houses _ are built close to each other.3We've offered her the job，but I don't know _ she'll accept it.4The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.5Julie was good at German，F(xiàn)rench and Russian，all of _ she spoke fluently.6Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others，_，of course，made all the others upset.7She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.8English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of _ uses it somewhat differently.9A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.10It was never clear _ the man hadn't reported the accident sooner.11It is still under discussion _ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.12When the news came _ the war broke out，he decided to serve in the army.13His writing is so confusing that it's difficult to make out _it is he is trying to express.14I'm afraid he's more of a talker than a doer，which is _ he never finishes anything.15I'd like to start my own businessthat's _ I'd do if I had the money.16_ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.17Modern science has given clear evidence _ smoking can lead to many diseases.18The villagers have already known _ we'll do is to rebuild the bridge.19There is clear evidence _ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.20Between the two parts of the concert is an interval，_ the audience can buy ice­cream.21She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction _ had taken more than three years.22I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends，_ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.23The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination.24Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T­shirt，_ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.25The school shop，_ customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays.參考答案第七講連詞和關(guān)系詞并列連詞練習(xí)1when2or/otherwise3while4Not only；but also5for6Either；or7nor/neither8and9so10but1when2so3then4and5still6therefore7surprise8Concerned9could/should10and狀語從句練習(xí)1whenever2than3as if4in case5until6in order that7though8before9where10because11before12so long as13Although1where2that3whether4when5which6which7which/that8which9where10why11whether12that13what14why15what16What17that18what19that20when21of which22where23whose24which25whose