2013年高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語廣東版 題型技法指導(dǎo) 專題一完形填空 真題試做（2012·廣東高考）We all know that some things are obviously right.For example，it is right to be _1_ to other people.It is also right to look after the environment.Some things are _2_ wrong，too.For instance，we should not hurt or bully（欺負）others，nor should we litter.Rules often tell us what is right or wrong.Rules can help the public make the right _3_，and remain safe.Car drivers have to obey traffic regulations that tell them the right things to do on the road to avoid crashes.Cyclists who give signals before turning or stopping help prevent _4_.If people follow rules without taking other matters into consideration，it will be _5_ for them to form what is sometimes called a “black and white” view.For example，they may believe that people should always tell the truth，and that lying is _6_ acceptable.Such people always stick to their views，even if it means that they may get into _7_.Sometimes it may not be so easy to know _8_ what is right or wrong.Some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that it is _9_ to eat animals，but others argue that they can eat meat and _10_ be kind to animals; some insist that stealing is always wrong，but others think that one does not need to feel so _11_ when stealing some food to eat，if he lives in a really poor area and he is _12_.Rules help us live together in harmony，because they show us the right way to _13_ others.However，some people argue that rules may be _14_，having observed that rules change all the time，and that some schools have some regulations and others have different onesso who is to _15_ what is right?1Akind Bsensitive Cfair Dgenerous2Aequally Bslightly Cclearly Dincreasingly3Asuggestions Bconclusions Cturns Dchoices4Aaccidents Bmistakes Cfalls Ddeaths5Ainteresting Bvital Ceasy Dvaluable6Aseldom Brarely Cmerely Dnever7Atrouble Bpower Cprison Dcontrol8Aroughly Beventually Cdeliberately Dexactly9Aawful Bcruel Cunhealthy Dunnecessary10Astill Beven Clater Dsomehow11Anervous Banxious Cafraid Dguilty12Abegging Bstarving Cgrowing Dwandering13Afollow Binstruct Ctreat Dprotect14Adisgusting Bconfusing Cunsafe Dunimportant15Apredict Bexplain Cdecide Dconsider考向分析一、短文概況首先來看近五年此題的大概情況年份話題題材詞數(shù)考查詞類n.v.adj.adv.2008社會文化英國“被偷換的小孩”的神話傳說21224402009歷史與地理諾貝爾設(shè)立諾貝爾獎17734212010社會文化不同文化背景下“門”的功用有所不同帶來的一些窘迫經(jīng)歷22030612011科技教育是否該為有天賦的孩子成立天才班24342722012對“規(guī)章”的理解3093354通過上表我們得出以下結(jié)論：1短文題材廣泛，或反映最新科技動態(tài)，或體現(xiàn)文化內(nèi)涵，或討論熱門話題。2體裁多樣，涉及議論文、說明文和記敘文。3文章長度一般在200個詞左右，2011年由10個空增加到了15個空，長度也增加到了243個詞，2012年詞數(shù)為309詞，呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢。4設(shè)空以考查實詞為主，即名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞等。而沒有考查以下內(nèi)容：代詞、冠詞、介詞、連詞和主謂一致等。單純的語法知識。全部試題以考查文意為主，通過對上下文語篇的理解和邏輯來確定正確答案。二、設(shè)題方式（1）首句不設(shè)空：有助于考生了解或推測全文的大意。（2）選項特點：同一小題的四個選項都是同一詞數(shù)，且為同一語法形式。即：若四個選項都是名詞，要么四個都是單數(shù)，要么四個都是復(fù)數(shù)；若四個選項都是動詞，要么四個都是動詞­ing形式，要么四個都是動詞­ed形式，要么四個都是動詞原形，要么四個都是第三人稱單數(shù)形式；若是形容詞或副詞，要么四個都是原形，要么四個都是比較級或最高級形式。答題步驟做完形填空試題，切忌邊看短文，邊選答案，因為這樣解題易脫離上下文孤立地看句子，從而產(chǎn)生錯誤。一般來說，解答完形填空題應(yīng)遵循以下三個步驟。一、略讀全文，把握大意。文章都有中心議題和中心內(nèi)容。通讀全文，才能弄清文脈、理清思路，才能抓住文章主旨，獲得整體印象，把握短文大意，使思維朝著正確的方向發(fā)展。在閱讀中要特別注意提示句，并盡量記憶關(guān)鍵詞、句，力求把文章內(nèi)容串聯(lián)起來。二、細讀全文，初選試填。在理解全文大意的基礎(chǔ)上，再結(jié)合所給備選項細讀全文，遵循詞不離句、句不離文的原則，聯(lián)系上下文內(nèi)容，運用平時積累的英語語法和語言知識及根據(jù)文中語義、邏輯和搭配的需要進行綜合考慮，通過分析、比較和篩選，排除干擾項，初步選定答案。在作出選擇的過程中，要瞻前顧后，通篇考慮，先易后難。對比較明顯直接的、自己最有把握的答案先進行確定。對少數(shù)難題，可暫定答案，在復(fù)讀全文后分析推敲。三、復(fù)讀全文，核實答案。完成選擇后，要把所選的答案代入原文，再把全文通讀一遍，逐空認真復(fù)查。完成后的文章應(yīng)該文意完整、語法正確、語言通順、用詞恰當(dāng)、邏輯合理、符合習(xí)慣表達法。如發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤或有疑問的答案，應(yīng)再次推敲、反復(fù)斟酌、作出修正。規(guī)律方法一、通讀全文，掌握大意，重視首句通讀全文旨在從整體上把握全文，找出完形填空短文的主題、大意、作者的思路等信息，這是解題的基礎(chǔ)。而首句往往是了解全文的窗口，依據(jù)首句所給的線索常?？梢钥闯鑫恼碌捏w裁、背景等基本信息，從而把握正確的主旨大意。需要特別注意的是，在第一遍通讀全文時，千萬不要看一句填一句。二、根據(jù)文章大意，把握上下文的關(guān)系上下文是形成語境的基礎(chǔ)，做題時要學(xué)會瞻前顧后，要做到詞不離句、句不離段、段不離文。這樣的話，有時如果單獨看空格，看似幾個選項填入空格都沒有錯，句子也通順，但結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容來理解，就只有一個最佳答案了。如：I continued watching as the old man thanked the salesman and_8_for what I assumed was the fourth floor.8Aput away Bpassed awayCpulled away Dheaded off解題指導(dǎo)：從后文的描述“what I assumed was the fourth floor.”看出老人謝了售貨員后朝四樓走去（head off）。答案：D三、根據(jù)文章語境，進行詞義辨析完形填空的命題特點之一就是充分利用詞匯辨析知識。答題時眼睛不能只盯在空格上或盯在一個句子上，一定要左顧右盼，弄清前后的習(xí)慣搭配。有時不止一個選項可以前后構(gòu)成搭配關(guān)系，這時需要根據(jù)上下文的意思來作出判斷。如：Finally he understood.Just as he _13_ a lot of time on fruitless speculation（猜想）about the “ship”，his expectations of getting _14_ was also without any real basis.Therefore，he decided to return home and _15_ up a more practical job.15Aset BgaveCmade Dtook解題指導(dǎo)：結(jié)合前文，男孩兒領(lǐng)悟到了如果沒有現(xiàn)實的基礎(chǔ)，任何對變得有錢的設(shè)想都只是浪費時間，因此推測他決定回家從事（take up）一份實際的工作。答案：D四、體會文章的色彩，注意語言的和諧作者對完形填空文章賦予了一定的感情色彩。首先要理解作者說話時的語氣和文章的感情色彩，這種語氣和色彩是和諧一致的，且貫穿全文。做題時要充分體會上下文語言的和諧性，理解文章的深層含義。如：Finally it came Mary's turn.I opened my eyes as large as possible，_7_ to lose anything.Wearing a golden and shining skirt，Mary appeared on the glorious stage.7Afearing BwishingCwondering Dlooking解題指導(dǎo)：聯(lián)系上下文可知，作者眼中瑪麗一直是個平凡的女孩，但這次瑪麗參加表演卻變得與平常不一樣，因此可知作者睜大眼睛，生怕錯過了瑪麗的表演。答案：A五、把握文章脈絡(luò)，進行推理判斷在完形填空題中常常要對文章的情節(jié)、作者的態(tài)度等進行推理判斷。因此，首先要理清文章的脈絡(luò)，弄清楚文章的結(jié)構(gòu)及上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。只有這樣，才能加強對文章深層意義的理解，從而更好地完成“完形”的任務(wù)，恢復(fù)文章的原貌。如：Besides，his sore throat kept _45_（upsetting）him，and he developed a cough to force me and my family out，but _46_.46Aescaped BsucceededCregretted Dfailed解題指導(dǎo)：前文說“他想把我和我的家人趕出去”，but表明前后文存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，由此可以判斷這里應(yīng)為“他沒有成功”，故選D項。答案：D六、利用原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，尋找近義詞語語義復(fù)現(xiàn)包括同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)和同義復(fù)現(xiàn)?？忌鷳?yīng)充分利用這些詞所提供的有效信息進行合理地推測和判斷，選出正確答案。如：He _16_（presented）me with a puzzleall because he waved to me like someone does_17_（on）seeing a close friend.Then one day the _22_ was solved.22Aargument BdisagreementCmystery Dtask解題指導(dǎo)：前文講到“那位交警像朋友一樣向我揮手，使我困惑”，這里應(yīng)是“這個謎有一天終于解開了”。mystery和puzzle意思相近。故選C項。答案：C誤區(qū)警示一、忽視邏輯，牽強附會The tale took on a new meaning recently when Mr Guyer downsized to a small house from a more expensive and comfortable one.He was worried that his children，a daughter15，and twins22，would be upset.To his surprise，they weren't._，their reaction echoed（共鳴）their great­grandfather's.What they cared about was how warm the people were in the house and how much of their heart was accessible.ATherefore BBesidesCInstead DOtherwise錯混透析：C考生易就題答題，僅憑空格所在的句子來選擇，而忽視上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，從而誤選答案。解題指導(dǎo)：上一句提到“令他驚奇的是，孩子們的反應(yīng)并不像他想象的那樣”，由此可知此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。從這里可以看出，完形填空中的每一個空格并非孤立的，而是有一定的線索可尋，這種線索大致分為兩類：一、文章上下句間及至全文的邏輯關(guān)系；二、空格所在句對正確答案的提示。在做題過程中需要留心上下文，正確把握上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系。二、缺乏搭配意識，主觀臆斷Garriott is the first American to follow his father into space.He _ 30 million dollars for the holiday in outer space.AchargedBmadeCspent Dpaid錯混透析：D該題中的四個選項，單從詞義來看，都可以和“30 million dollars”連用，但是四個詞中只有A項和D項可以和后面的介詞for搭配。再結(jié)合語境可知，只有D項正確。解題指導(dǎo)：在解題過程中注意上下文語境和詞語的辨析固然重要，但忽略固定搭配的用法，也極易選錯答案。對于有的詞語辨析題，如果只根據(jù)詞義很難準確選出答案，這時考生可以另辟蹊徑，從其常用的固定搭配入手，再結(jié)合語境，就能輕松作出選擇。三、忽視語法，邏輯失誤He did not contact his father for a whole year _ one day he saw in the street an old man who looked like his father.He realized he had to go back home and see his father.Auntil BasCbefore Dunless錯混透析：A考生容易受思維習(xí)慣的影響僅從詞義辨析的角度進行思考而忽略了語法，認為此處表示的是“當(dāng)時候”，從而誤選B項as。解題指導(dǎo)：如果注意到本句前半部分中的not，就可以輕而易舉地判斷此處是“not.until.”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“直到才”，從而快速解題。受“淡化語法，突出語境”的影響，考生容易忽視語法問題。雖然考題涉及的語法知識不多，然而完形填空中經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)一些復(fù)雜句式，對語境分析、解題造成一定困難，從而導(dǎo)致誤選。四、忽略背景常識易錯點Even though it was only October，my students were already whispering about Christmas plans.With each passing day everyone became more _1_，waiting for the final school bell.Aanxious BcourageousCserious Dcautious錯混透析：A有的題目從形式上來看考查的是詞語辨析或者是詞語搭配，但僅從這兩個方面考生又很難準確判斷出哪個選項正確。解題指導(dǎo)：從前文可看出，學(xué)生們都翹首以待，期待著圣誕節(jié)的到來，由常識可知，等待最后一節(jié)課下課鈴聲的心情一定很急切。由此可以很容易得出答案?？忌谧鲱}時，要巧妙地運用自己所掌握的文化背景知識和生活常識，簡化分析與判斷的過程；有時還應(yīng)注意中西文化的差異。一、記敘文（一）（2012·廣州二模）I woke up this morning with a fright!There appeared to be a mouse in my bed tickling my nose and _1_ scratching me.It had to be a mouse，for those tiny sharp little nails were scratching me all across my _2_.It couldn't have been a（n）_3_ as I didn't own any pets；it couldn't have been a rat，because if what I had read about rats was_4_，their sharp teeth could _5_ their way through solid stone.They do this because their front teeth never stop growing and this is the only way to keep them _6_.I didn't dare to open my eyes and face the_7_ of the disgusting mouse in the bed with me.I felt so dirty and _8_.I didn't want to change my position either，_9_ the mouse would slide onto other areas of my body，which would_10_ give me horrible dreams for years to come!Despite my fears，I finally decided to swiftly _11_ the mouse away.But it _12_！I did it again and again and it kept coming back，every single time.There was no way out.I had to face my enemy.I took a breath，gathered my _13_ and slowly opened my eyes.To my relief，I saw something far _14_ than a mouse and it all came back to me.I had put my baby daughter Rebecca into bed beside me after her first bottle in the morning!That also reminded me：I needed to trim （修剪）her _15_.1AwarmlyBlightly Cwildly Dthoroughly2Afoot Bhand Cstomach Dface3Amouse Binsect Ccat Dfly4Atrue Bsuitable Cinteresting Dclear5Afight Bpull Ccarve Dwind6Astrong Bsharp Cslim Dshort7Ahorror Bthought Crisk Dcost8Atired Bstupid Cuncomfortable Ddisappointed9Ahoping Bfearing Cassuming Ddoubting10Agradually Btemporarily Csurely Dhardly11Athrow Bbrush Ckeep Dsend12Areturned Brepeated Cdropped Dstayed13Amemories Bthoughts Cenergy Dcourage14Asofter Bcuter Cuglier Dworse15Ahair Bfeet Cnails Dfingers（二）Dear God，Now that I am no longer young，I have friends whose mothers have passed away.I have heard these sons and daughters say they never fully _1_ their mothers until it was too late to tell them.I am _2_ with the dear mother who is still alive.I appreciate her more each day.My mother does not change，but I do.As I grow older and _3_，I realize what a （an）_4_ person she is.How sad that I am unable to speak these words in her _5_，but they flow _6_ from my pen.How does a daughter begin to _7_ her mother for life itself？For the love，patience and just plain hard work that go into _8_ a child？For running after a toddler（蹣跚行走的小孩），for understanding a _9_ teenager，for tolerating a college student who knows everything？For waiting for the day when a daughter realizes what her mother really is?How does a （an）_10_ woman thank for a mother for continuing to be a mother？For being ready with advice （when asked）or remaining _11_ when it is most appreciated？For not saying：“I told you so”，when she could have expressed these words dozens of times？For being really herself­loving，thoughtful，_12_，and forgiving?I don't know how，dear God，except to bless her as _13_ as she deserves and to help me live up to the example she has _14_ .Whether it is hard or easy，I _15_ that I will look as good in the eyes of my children as my mother looks in mine.A daughter1Asupported Bappreciated Cdescribed Dgreeted2Aconcerned Bfamiliar Cblessed Danxious3Awiser Bhappier Cstubborner Dhealthier4Acommon Bstrange Cpopular Dextraordinary5Aabsence Bpresence Cappearance Dexistence6Aeasily Bpolitely Cslowly Dpatiently7Acall Bthank Ccare Dworry8Adeveloping Brising Ctraining Draising9Aconsiderate Benergetic Cmoody Dfearless10Agrown Bsuccessful Cbeautiful Dhonest11Aquiet Bcalm Csilent Dstill12Apatient Bselfish Cviolent Dpowerful13Alikely Brichly Clovely Dplainly14Afollowed Bplaced Cgiven Dset15Athink Bbelieve Cpray Dsuppose（三）One day，Miss Ellis gave her pupils a new kind of homework：homework on happiness.Her pupils would be “happiness _1_”，and were to see what would happen when they tried to bring happiness to those around them.As part of their homework，all the students did really _2_，wonderful things，but what Carla Chalmers did left everyone _3_.Several days after the homework had been handed out，Carla turned up carrying a big bag.“Here in this bag I have all the happiness I've collected so far，” she said _4_.On seeing this，everyone was filled with _5_，but Carla didn't want to show anyone what was in the bag.Instead，she pulled out a small box and gave it to her teacher.When Miss Ellis had taken the box，Carla took a（n）_6_ camera out of her own pocket and stood with it at the ready.“Open it，Miss Ellis.”The teacher slowly opened the box and looked inside.A big smile _7_ on her face，and at that moment Carla took a photo，Carla's photo came out of the camera immediately，and she _8_ it to Miss Ellis along with a sheet of paper.The teacher read the paper in silence，and when she had finished，she gestured at the _9_.“Oh，so it's.”“Yes！” _10_ Carla，opening the bag.“It's a great big pile of smiles！”She opened the bag and photos of different _11_ fell out.The rest of the class tried to _12_ how Carla had managed to create such a great big chain of happiness.All there in the box was a photo of a big smile.But everyone who had seen it felt happiness being transmitted（傳送）to them，and in return，without _13_，every person _14_ with a smile of their own.She managed to _15_ understanding of the smile truth that every time you smile you are sending a gift to the world.1Aexplorers Binstructors Cplayers Dcollectors2Aregretful Bdelightful Cstressful Dthankful3Asurprised Bsatisfied Cannoyed Ddepressed4Adisappointedly Bsadly Camazedly Dsmilingly5Aastonishment Bkindness Cexpectation Dpride6Aexpensive Bold­fashioned Cinstant Dgood­looking7Adisappeared Bfroze Cfaded Dshone8Aoffered Bsold Cpacked Dpaid9Abox Bbag Ccamera Dpocket10Aadded Bquestioned Creplied Dinterrupted11Asmiles Bteachers Cceremonies Dfriends12Atry out Bfocus on Cdecide on Dfigure out13Aimagination Bexpression Chesitation Dreason14Aresponded Brefused Cdemanded Dproved15Ahide Bcorrect Cappreciate Dspread（四）This is a true story about a young lady who got so sick of living with her strict parents that she ran away from home._1_，she soon found out that_2_was not easy on her own.She couldn't find a job，and it didn't take long for her friends to get _3_ her so they kicked her out.Well，this young 19­year­old girl got so _4_ that she decided to start making money by begging.Years passed.Her father died.Her mother grew older.But she still would not write or go home to see her_5_.One day the mother _6_ that her daughter was seen in a certain part of town，so she went there _7_ her daughter.She went to every store and cheap hotel asking to put a picture on their walls.It was a picture of _8_，now a gray­haired woman.Beside her picture was this message to her daughter which simply _9_，“I still love you！Please come home！”Months went by and nothing happened.Then one day the daughter wandered into one of those hotels.You can imagine how _10_ she was to see her mother's picture on the wall of that dirty，cheap hotel.As she read her mother's message to her，she burst into _11_.That night she started walking many miles back to her home.It was in the early morning that she finally arrived at the front door of her parent's house.She began to knock but the door was already open.Afraid that someone had _12_ her parent's house，she _13_ inside and woke up the sleeping old lady and told her she had finally come home.Mother and daughter began to cry as they held each other.The daughter said，“I thought someone had broken into the house！”But the mother _14_ her head and answered _15_，“My dear，from the day you left I've kept the door unlocked.”1ATherefore BHowever CBesides DThus2Alife Bstudy Csociety Dentertainment3Ainterested in Bfond of Ctired of Dworried about4Ahopeless Bsatisfied Chomeless Dexcited5Afather Bfriends Csisters Dmother6Asaw Bheard Cnoticed Dlistened7Aasking for Bfinding out Clooking for Dsearching out8Aher daughter Bthemselves Ca family Dherself9Atold Bwrote Csaid Dsigned10Ashocked Bdisappointed Cconfused Dpleased11Atears Blaughter Cfear Danger12Abroken out Bbroken down Cbroken into Dbroken up13Aentered Bwalked Cran Dwandered14Anodded Bshook Cbent Dbowed15Afirmly Bloudly Cgently Dregretfully（五）I saw the old man，with his untidy clothes and messy hair，as he dashed between the rows of the department store.He was trying to be ordinary but he was hard not to_1_.He _2_the saleswoman and with a slight_3_，possibly German，asked where the women's shoes were sold.“Fourth floor.” She responded in a voice I could hear 10 miles away.“Pardon？Where did you say they were？” he asked again，apparently_4_.Clearly the old man was somewhat _5_.“Fourth floor，sir，” the friendly saleswoman replied patiently，this time so_6_ that customers turned to see what was causing the_7_.I continued watching as the man thanked the saleswoman and_8_for what I assumed was the fourth floor.But rather than walk to the_9_ or the lift，he dashed behind a shelf，took out a notebook and started writing hurriedly，with an almost mad_10_on his face.Then he went straight up to another saleswoman and asked where the women's shoes were sold.Again he asked her to_11_the answer and once more he walked away and took down some notes.He did this three more times before a department store_12_，thinking him mad，removed him from the store.But rather than be_13_，the old man departed with a huge smile on his face.Although the incident was_14_，it was not until a year later，during my first year of university，that I gave it any further_15_.I walked into my language classroom and met my professor.It was that very same man.1Asee Bnotice Cneglect Dfind2Afollowed Binterviewed Cchose Dapproached3Adoubt Bvoice Caccent Dsmile4Aconfused Bamused Cannoyed Dtired 5Asilly Bshy Cdeaf Dweak6Aangrily Bloudly Csuddenly Dquickly7Adisturbance Baccident Cpleasure Dquarrel8Aput away Bpassed away Cpulled away