2013年高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語湖北版 專題整合突破一、名詞真題試做1(2012湖北高考，29)It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any _.Asymptom BsimilarityCsample Dshadow2(2011湖北高考，21)“Tommy，run！Be quick！The house is on fire！”the mother shouted，with _ clearly in her voice.Aanger BrudenessCregret Dpanic3(2010湖北高考，22)After the earthquake，the first thing the local government did was to provide _ for the homeless families.Aaccommodation BoccupationCequipment Dfurniture4(2010湖北高考，21)This restaurant has become popular for its wide _ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.Adivision BareaCrange Dcircle考向分析1注重語境近幾年湖北高考對名詞最重要的一個(gè)考查方式就是在特定的語境中考查考生準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用詞匯知識的能力。試題體現(xiàn)語境，貼近生活，注重交際。做題時(shí)不要只盯著選項(xiàng)，而要深入理解語境，整體把握，結(jié)合句意作出最佳選擇。2辨析詞義湖北高考對名詞的考查不涉及名詞相關(guān)的語法知識，重點(diǎn)考查詞義辨析，主要集中在對同義詞、近義詞甚至是形近詞的辨析方面。平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中一定要努力擴(kuò)大詞匯量，更要特別注意同義詞和近義詞的含義及用法的區(qū)別。只有具備了一定的詞匯量，并能把握住各選項(xiàng)的真正內(nèi)涵，才能作出正確的判斷。3注意搭配名詞的固定搭配和習(xí)慣表達(dá)主要涉及“介詞名詞”“名詞介詞”“動(dòng)詞名詞”“形容詞名詞”等。平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中要注意積累，做好儲備。做題時(shí)要從各選項(xiàng)的用法、使用場合和搭配上進(jìn)行分析，反復(fù)比較然后再作出判斷。熱點(diǎn)例析1名詞的分類2名詞的數(shù)(1)抽象名詞具體化英語中的名詞有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)之分。只有可數(shù)名詞才有復(fù)數(shù)形式。不可數(shù)名詞包括物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞，一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但某些不可數(shù)名詞在特定的語境下也可轉(zhuǎn)化為具體名詞，表示具有某種特征的人或事物，可用作可數(shù)名詞。如：difficulty 困難 a difficulty 一件難事experience 經(jīng)驗(yàn) an experience 一次經(jīng)歷success 成功 a success 一個(gè)成功的人或一件成功的事failure 失敗 a failure 一個(gè)失敗的人或一件失敗的事She is a success in business but a failure in marriage.她在事業(yè)上是個(gè)成功者，但在婚姻上是個(gè)失敗者。(2)名詞在特殊情況下的復(fù)數(shù)使用常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞congratulations 祝賀，賀詞instructions 說明surroundings 環(huán)境要求用名詞復(fù)數(shù)的短語make preparations for. 為做好準(zhǔn)備make both ends meet 收支平衡be in high spirits 興致勃勃make friends with 與交朋友give regards to 問候give respects to 向表示敬意have words with sb. 同某人吵架in rags 衣衫襤褸civil rights 公民權(quán)利current affairs 時(shí)事(3)?？嫉牟豢蓴?shù)名詞advice 建議furniture 家具equipment 設(shè)備clothing 衣服(總稱)fun 樂趣homework 家庭作業(yè)information 信息paper 紙sugar 糖work 工作fruit 水果harm 損害news 消息progress 進(jìn)步traffic 交通difficulty/trouble 困難，麻煩weather 天氣wealth 財(cái)富value 價(jià)值evidence 證據(jù)cloth 布料housework 家務(wù)活3名詞的搭配名詞的搭配很多也比較復(fù)雜，主要涉及“介詞名詞”“名詞介詞”“動(dòng)詞名詞”“形容詞名詞”等。(1)與介詞的搭配(an/the) approach to sth. 通往的路，學(xué)習(xí)的方法(one's) attitude to/toward (某人)對待的態(tài)度congratulations on 對的祝賀in/under such circumstance 在這種情況下，情形既然如此on that occasion 在那種場合with one's help/support/permission/guidance 在某人的幫助/支持/允許/指導(dǎo)下(2)與動(dòng)詞的搭配attach importance/significance to 認(rèn)為很重要have access to 可以達(dá)到，可以使用have an eye for 對有鑒賞力have a preference for 偏愛have an effect/influence on 對產(chǎn)生影響follow one's advice 接受某人的建議keep pany 陪伴某人make a difference 起作用，有影響make room/space for 為騰出地方make sense of 弄懂make terms with 與達(dá)成協(xié)議make/leave impression on sb. 給某人留下深刻印象take measures/steps 采取措施take possession of 擁有satisfy/meet/cover one's needs/demands/requirements 滿足某人的需要/要求/條件(3)冠詞名詞ofan average of 平均的a range of 各種各樣的，一套，一系列a variety of 各種各樣的a waste of 浪費(fèi)a matter of (關(guān)于的)問題a lack of 缺乏a sense of 的感覺a series of 一連串的，一套，一系列4of名詞(1)of抽象名詞形容詞ofno抽象名詞not形容詞of importanceimportantof valuevaluableof useusefulof no helpnot helpfulof no benefitnot beneficial(2)of抽象名詞用來說明句子主語在度量、大小、顏色、類別等方面的特征。這類名詞有：color，age，size，height，weight，shape，type，kind，price，quantity 等。They are of an age.They are the same age.他們年齡一樣大。誤區(qū)警示1名詞“同義詞、近義詞辨析”易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)(2012江蘇高考，21) Can I help you with it?I appreciate your _，but I can manage it myself.Aadvice Bquestion Coffer Didea【錯(cuò)混透析】 C該題易誤選A項(xiàng)，主要是容易忽視上下文語境，且不能正確理解單詞的內(nèi)涵意義。advice “建議”；question “問題”；offer “(主動(dòng)要做某事的)提議，建議”；idea“想法，主意”?！窘忸}指導(dǎo)】 同義詞、近義詞辨析是近幾年高考的?？键c(diǎn)。做好此類題要從三個(gè)方面入手：一是要正確掌握選項(xiàng)單詞詞義包括其內(nèi)涵意義；二是要注意其搭配及特定語境；三是要注意其習(xí)慣用法。這就要求考生在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中注意知識的積累，特別要注意同義詞和近義詞含義和用法的區(qū)別。2名詞“熟詞生義”易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)The head office of the bank is in Beijing，but it has _ all over the country.Acompanies Bbranches Corganizations Dbusinesses【錯(cuò)混透析】 B該題易誤選D項(xiàng)，主要是對四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意義掌握不全，且不能根據(jù)具體語境遷移、感悟詞的新義。A項(xiàng)意為“公司”；B項(xiàng)意為“樹枝”或“分支機(jī)構(gòu)”；C項(xiàng)意為“組織”；D項(xiàng)意為“公司”。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)?！窘忸}指導(dǎo)】 在高考英語中，有一種“熟詞生義”題型，即題目中所填的詞是考生所熟悉的，但所考查的含義卻是不常見的。這就要求考生在掌握單詞基本意義的基礎(chǔ)上，善于結(jié)合不同的語境去體會、感悟單詞的新義。1(2012湖北八校一次聯(lián)考)Young people use more web language in their conversations，such as Geili because such language gives them a sense of _.AunityBidentityCresponsibility Dsecurity2(2012武漢二月調(diào)研)Hard work is no _ of an excellent school record.You have to adopt a flexible approach to your learning.Aguarantee Bconnection Cpermission Dconsequence3(2012湖北八市三月聯(lián)考)Kim Jong­il，former top leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the former Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi were both dead at the age of 69.Some people jokingly think that's a(n) _.Aaccident Bconsequence Csymptom Dcoincidence4(2012武漢五月供題二)The US has been under pressure for some time to recognize this when forming a domestic economic policy that often appears to ignore the international _ of the dollar.Aimage Bcurrency Crole Deffect5(2012湖北襄陽五中二次適應(yīng))During the two­day meeting，G20 financial leaders gathering in Paris welcomed the _ Europe made on the euro zone debt issue on Saturday.Aprogress Brecommendation Ccommitment Dproposal6(2012華中師大一附中期中)The White House said that it had _ about Caio Koch­Weser's running in the election，and would not be backing his appointment.Acollisions BmotivationsCreservations Dexpectations7There is strong evidence that the _ of a father increases the probability that a youngster will use drugs and engage in criminal activity.Aabsence Bdisappearance Cattention Dconcern8Jobs once described his _ as trying to make products that were at “the intersection(交集) of art and technology”Atechnology Bgeography Cbiology Dphilosophy9The Chinese government is willing to work with other countries to adopt more effective measures in order to realize the goals of gender _，women's empowerment(自主) and building a harmonious world.Aequality Bquantity Cquality Dhostility10(2012湖北黃岡中學(xué)五月模擬)There is an obvious _ between the cultures of the West and East.Acontent Bcontract Ccontrast Dcontact11Jade is the highest award in Chinese culture and medals are the most important prize in Olympics，so medals with jade is the perfect _ to present the Olympics in Beijing.Aconnection Bcooperation Ccombination Dcomposition12Nowadays students go to key universities just for a formal _，which may help them hunt for a suitable job in the future.Aconservation BpreparationCgraduation Dqualification13(2012湖北孝感漢川一中二月調(diào)研)The two countries made a(n)_ that they would not fight with each other again.Atreatment Bconclusion Cfortune Dagreement14We may come to a conclusion that any _ to set back the wheel of history is sure to be a failure.Aambition Bintention Cdemand Dappeal15(2012湖北荊州質(zhì)檢二)The president owed his success not to _ but to self­education and a driving desire for achievement.Aregulation Bprivilege Carrangement Dcompromise參考答案 一、名詞命題調(diào)研·明晰考向真題試做1A句意：定期檢查眼睛非常重要，為的是能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)可能沒有癥狀的一些眼部疾病的跡象。symptom“癥狀”；similarity“相似，相似性”；sample“標(biāo)本，樣品”；shadow“陰影，陰暗”。2Danger “生氣；憤怒”；rudeness“粗魯；無禮”；regret“后悔；遺憾”；panic“驚慌；驚恐”。句意：“湯米，快跑，房子著火了！”母親大聲喊著，聲音中透著明顯的驚慌。根據(jù)句意，D項(xiàng)正確。3A句意：地震過后，當(dāng)?shù)卣龅牡谝患戮褪菫闊o家可歸的家庭提供住處。accommodation“住處(尤指僅供短期使用的)”；occupation“工作；職業(yè)；消遣”；equipment“設(shè)備”；furniture“家具”。4C句意：這家餐館已經(jīng)變得大受歡迎，因?yàn)樗氖称贩N類繁多，適合所有人的口味。division“分開；分配；部門”；area“領(lǐng)域，方面；面積”；range“變化幅度，范圍”；circle“圈子，界，社會，集團(tuán)”。創(chuàng)新模擬·預(yù)測演練1B句意：年輕人喜歡在他們的對話中使用更多的網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言，比如“給力”，因?yàn)檫@樣的語言會讓他們有一種認(rèn)同感。a sense of identity “認(rèn)同感”。unity “團(tuán)結(jié)”；responsibility “責(zé)任，責(zé)任感”；security “安全，安全感”。2A句意：努力并不能保證一定會得到好分?jǐn)?shù)，在學(xué)習(xí)中還應(yīng)運(yùn)用靈活的學(xué)習(xí)方法。guarantee “保證，擔(dān)保”；connection “聯(lián)系”；permission “允許，許可，同意”；consequence “后果，結(jié)果”。3D句意：朝鮮前領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人金正日和利比亞前領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人卡扎菲都是69歲時(shí)去世，一些人打趣地認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)巧合。accident “事件，事故”；consequence “結(jié)果，后果”；symptom“癥狀”；coincidence “巧合”。4C句意：一段時(shí)間以來，美國一直承受著巨大的壓力，因?yàn)橐庾R到其在形成國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)政策時(shí)似乎常常無視美元的國際地位。image “形象，影像”；currency “貨幣，流通”；role “地位；職能，作用”；effect “影響，效應(yīng)”。5C句意：在為期兩天的會議期間，20國集團(tuán)金融領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人于星期六聚集巴黎歡迎歐洲就解決歐債危機(jī)作出的承諾。progress “進(jìn)步”；recommendation “推薦，介紹”；commitment “商業(yè)方面的約定，承諾”；proposal “提議，建議”。6C句意：白宮表示，它對科赫韋澤在選舉中的運(yùn)作持保留意見，不會支持他的任命。collision “沖突，碰撞”；motivation “動(dòng)機(jī)，原因”；reservation “保留(意見)，異議”；expectation “預(yù)期，期望”。7A句意：強(qiáng)有力的證據(jù)證明父愛的缺失會增加青少年吸毒和犯罪的可能性。absence “缺席，不在”；disappearance “消失，滅絕”；attention “注意力”；concern “擔(dān)心，擔(dān)憂”。8D句意：喬布斯曾經(jīng)把他的哲學(xué)描述為努力生產(chǎn)出藝術(shù)與科技完美結(jié)合的產(chǎn)品。technology “科技”；geography “地理”；biology “生物”；philosophy “哲學(xué)”。9A句意：中國政府愿意同其他國家一起采取有效措施來實(shí)現(xiàn)兩性平等，女性自主和共建和諧社會的目標(biāo)。equality “平等”；quantity “數(shù)量”；quality “質(zhì)量”；hostility “敵意，敵視”。10C句意：東西方文化之間存在明顯差異。contrast“差異，對比”；content“內(nèi)容，目錄”；contract“合同，契約”；contact“接觸，聯(lián)系”。11C句意：玉在中國文化中享有很高的地位，獎(jiǎng)牌則是奧運(yùn)會中最重要的獎(jiǎng)品，所以金鑲玉就是展現(xiàn)北京奧運(yùn)會最完美的結(jié)合。connection“聯(lián)系”；cooperation“合作”；combination“結(jié)合，聯(lián)合，組合”；composition“作文，構(gòu)圖”。12D句意：現(xiàn)在學(xué)生們上重點(diǎn)大學(xué)只是為了得到一份正式的文憑，這將有助于他們在將來找到一份合適的工作。conservation“保護(hù)，管理”；preparation“準(zhǔn)備”；graduation“畢業(yè)”；qualification“資格證明”。13D句意：兩國達(dá)成一致協(xié)議，它們不再彼此攻伐。treatment“待遇，處理，治療”；conclusion“結(jié)論，總結(jié)”；fortune“運(yùn)氣，好運(yùn)”；agreement“協(xié)議，協(xié)定”。14B句意：我們可以得出這樣的結(jié)論任何阻礙歷史車輪前進(jìn)的意圖終將會失敗。ambition“雄心，野心”；intention“意圖，打算”；demand“要求”；appeal“呼吁，懇求”。15B句意：總統(tǒng)將他的成功歸功于自身所受的教育和想要有所成就的強(qiáng)烈愿望而不是特權(quán)。regulation“規(guī)章，規(guī)定”；privilege“特權(quán)，優(yōu)惠”；arrangement“安排”；compromise“妥協(xié)，和解”。