鄭州市2014高考英語一輪（暑假） 閱讀理解訓(xùn)練（2）及答案主旨大意題-通常是指考查文章的中心思想， 考查文章的主題、立意、中心觀點、基本觀點。不少文章一開頭便展示文章的的主題， 如新聞報導(dǎo)等；，有些文章中心思想常常貫穿于全文， 要弄清文章的中心思想，考生必須具備歸納和概括方面的能力。例如： On the evening of June 21, 1992, a tall man with brown hair and blue eyes entered the beautiful hall of the Bell tower Hotel in Xian with his bicycle . The hotel workers received him and telephoned the manager , for they had never seen a bicycle in the hotel hall before though they lived in “ the kingdom of bicycles “. Robert Friedlander , an American , arrived in Xian on his bicycle trip across Asia which started last December in New Belhi , India . When he was 11 , he read the book Marco Polo and made up his mind to visit the Silk Road . Now , after 44 years , he was on the Silk Road in Xian and his early dreams were coming true . Robert Friedlanders next destinations (目的地)were Lanzhou, Dunhuang, Urimqi, etc. He will complete his trip in Pakistan. 考題 The best headline ( 標(biāo)題) for this newspaper article would be _ . A. The Kingdom of Bicycles B. A Beautiful Hotel in XianC.Moarco Polo and the Silk Road D. An American Achieving His Aims*結(jié)束閱讀理解猜測詞義Passage * When several different people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them to see different things; when you alone observe one behavior or one person at two different times, you may see different things. The following are about some of the factors that lead to these different senses. (1)Each person's senses of others are formed by his or her own cultural condition, education, and personal experiences. (2)Sometimes senses differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we've observed. It is not necessarily true that person sense is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person: or you may center mainly on the situation or role relationship. Most people do not use the same standard to measure their parents, their friends, and strangers. (3)Sometimes we see only what we want to see or don't see what may be obvious to others because of our own needs, desires, or temporary emotional states. This is a process known as selective sense. Selective sense is obviously more dif- ficult when contradictory (矛盾的) information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. We can ignore (忽略) the stimulus "He's basically a good boy so what I saw was not shoplifting. "We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information "All kids get into naughty hehavior. Taking a book from bookstore isn't such a big deal. "We can change the meaning of the contradictory information It wasn't shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later." l. The first factor given by the author that affects our sense is_. A. the abilities of one's hearing and seeing sensors B. cultural background and personal experiences C. experiences one learns from others D. critical measures taken by other people 答案：B指導(dǎo)：由第一因素就是"cultural conditionand personal experiences"可知B為最佳選項。2. While observing a particular person, A. One ix likely to talk all aspects into consideration B. Otie pays more attention to lis , her advantages C. children often differ from grown ups in sense D. one tends to choose certain cues(提示)to look for 答案：D 指導(dǎo)：據(jù)文中第一段最后一句“有幾個因素導(dǎo)致不同的感覺”，另外，由第二個因素中第三句"controlledbywhatothers have told you about this person"可知D為最佳選項。3. Observation of the same person by two people at the same rime may differ because_. A.their measuring standards arc not the same B. either of them may be slow to catch information C. the time for observation is not long enough D. each of them uses different language to express his her impressions 答案：A 指導(dǎo)：據(jù)作者給出的三個因素：據(jù)自己的文化背景和切身經(jīng)歷；我們所看到的和我們處理所看到東西的方法；我們自己切身需要。所以A為正確選項，不同人的不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。4. The underlined word "stimulus" in Paragraph 4 refers to_. A. something attractive B. selective sense C. contradictory information D. shoplifting 答案：C 指導(dǎo)：據(jù)文中倒數(shù)第五句“When contradictory infor mation is particularly obvious，but it can be done"和后面所舉的例子，“如果一個好孩子在書店中偷書”可知C項為最佳選項，忽視矛盾性的重要性。*結(jié)束閱讀理解猜測詞義 Passage *During the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, the London District of South-wark was prosperous (繁榮的), and a very important and farreaching development was happening at Bankside, an area situated just beside the church now known as Southwark Cathedral. The Rose Theatre, the Swan, the Hope Playhouse and Bear Garden were set up here along with the famous Globe Theatre, in which Shakespeare acted. William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright whose body of works is considered the greatest in English litera ture. He is commemorated (紀(jì)念) in Southwark Cathedral today by the modern memorial window in the south aisle (通道). The window was designed by Christopher Webb in 1954, after an earlier window had been destroyed in the war. Below it is a figure of Shakespeare, carved by Henry McCarthy in 1912, set against a background of seventeenth-century Southwark in relief (浮雕), showing the Globe Theatre, Winchester Palace and the Tower of St. Saviour's Church. This memorial was provid- ed by public support and was dedicated (奉獻(xiàn)) in 1911, and every year a birthday service, attended by many great actors and actresses, is held here in honour of Shakespeare's genius. Shakespeare's brother Edmund was buried here in 1607, and, although the position of Edmund's grave is unknown, he is commemorated by an inscribed (刻寫的) stone. 1. In Shakespeare' s lifetime, Bankside in Southwark was well known for_. A. the style of its buildings B. Shakespeare's performances at the Globe Theater C. its influence on public taste D. the number of plays produced there 答案：B 指導(dǎo)：推理判斷題。由第一段最后一句可知莎士比亞曾經(jīng)演出過的著名的Globe Theatre就在Bankside，從而得出答案B.2. The original memorial window to Shakespeare in Southwark Cathedral was_. A. designed in 1954 B. destroyed by enemy action. C. replaced during World War. D. carved in 1912 答案：B 指導(dǎo)：推理判斷題。由第二段第三句可知，以前建造的窗子毀在戰(zhàn)爭中，即答案B.3. Under the window there is a_. A. painting of seventeenth-century Southwark B. wooden picture C. carved figure D. grave of Shakespeare's brother 答案：C 指導(dǎo)：細(xì)節(jié)考查題。由第二段第四句可得出答案C4. This information would most likely be found on_. A. an advertisement B. a historical stone C. a tourist guide D. a notice 答案：C 指導(dǎo)：推理判斷題。因為本文主要介紹了莎士比亞曾經(jīng)演出過的劇院，所以應(yīng)屬于旅游指南。*結(jié)束閱讀理解推理判斷Pssage * (典型例題) It was an early September day, cool and bright and just right for running, and I was in the first few miles of a 10-mile race over a course (路線) with a few high hills. Still, I felt energetic; despite the hills it was going to be a fine run. Just ahead of me was Peggy Mimno, a teacher from Mount Kisco, New York. She too was running easily, moving along at my speed. The pace(步速) felt comfortable, so 1 decided to stay where I was; why pay attention to pace when she was setting such a nice one? I'd overtake (追上) her later on when she tired. So I ran behind her. The course headed north for five miles, wandered west for a hilly mile, then turned south again along a winding road. The race was getting harder. We had four miles left and already it was beginning to be real work. Peggy overtook a young runner. She seemed to know him, for they exchanged a few cheerful words as she passed him. Their exchange worried me. You don't chat during a race unless you are feeling good, and Peggy plainly was. Still, I was close enough to overtake her if she tired, so I didn't give up hope completely. We were getting nearer to a long punishing hill now and it would be the test. We were a mile from the finish line, so whatever happened on the hill would almost certainly determine who crossed it first. As I moved up the hill, my attention wandered for a few minutes. When I looked up, Peggy was moving away-first five yards, then ten, then more. Finally it was clear that there was no hope of catching her. She beat me soundly.There is an important lesson in that race. Women are thought to be weaker, slower and not nearly as skilled in sport. Yet as Peggy Mimno so clearly showed, the similarities between men and women runners are more important than the differences. I have run with a number of women, and I can say that it is often hard work. 1. What did the writer think of the race in the beginning? A. It would be hard work. C. It would be an easy race. C. It would be a test of his strength. D. It would be a good learning experience. 答案: B 指導(dǎo)：首先要審清題干，注意題干中的inthebeginning。 本文第一段、第二段中的一些詞如energetic，a fine run，running easily，comfortable等都反映出作者開始認(rèn)為這場比賽不會很難。2. What worried the writer when Peggy greeted the young runner? A. Peggy overtook the young runner. B. Peggy was running energetically. C. Peggy was laughing at the writer. D. Peggy paid no attention to the writer. 答案: B 指導(dǎo)：由第四段倒數(shù)第一句"You don't chat during a race unless you are feeling good”可知作者認(rèn)為：你在比賽中聊天表示你感覺很好。而上句peggy恰恰在比賽中聊天反映出作者認(rèn)為Peggy在比賽中的感覺，作為Peggy的對手，他當(dāng)然很擔(dān)心。3. By saying" a long, punishing hill"(Paragraph 5) , the writer implies that_. A. Peggy would fail to reach the hilltop B. men are more skilled at climbing hills C. overtaking Peggy would be easy D. climbing the hill would be a demanding task 答案: D 指導(dǎo)：下句中的test一詞，能夠反映作者當(dāng)時的感覺，所以D為最佳選項。4. What lesson does the writer learn from the race? A. Women are as good as men in sport. B. Women are better at climbing hills. C. He should have more training in a cross-country race. D. He should set a quicker pace at the beginning of a race.答案: A 指導(dǎo)：文章倒數(shù)第一段倒數(shù)第一、二句是做此題的關(guān)鍵句。*結(jié)束