鄭州市2014高考英語(yǔ)一輪（暑假） 閱讀理解訓(xùn)練（3）及答案邏輯推理題-需要考生理解字面的概念，又要掌握主要情節(jié)之間的邏輯關(guān)系，既需要依據(jù)語(yǔ)篇的信息去分析推斷，又需要結(jié)合地理、人文、科普等常識(shí)去分析判斷。邏輯推理題要求考生根據(jù)作者的寫(xiě)作脈絡(luò)，對(duì)未發(fā)生或已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作給予判斷推測(cè)。解題時(shí)應(yīng)考慮原因與結(jié)果之間的聯(lián)系、人際之間的各種關(guān)系、事件發(fā)展的可能與歸宿以及英美社會(huì)風(fēng)情與民族的心態(tài)。例如：天津卷第71題，這是一道邏輯推理題。根據(jù)短文的陳述，A、B項(xiàng)與短文基本內(nèi)容不符。短文對(duì)航空運(yùn)輸?shù)默F(xiàn)狀作了詳細(xì)闡述后，在最后一節(jié)特別強(qiáng)調(diào)飛行員與地勤人員的溝通必須引起重視。應(yīng)該說(shuō)，此題選D項(xiàng)在情理之中。又如：Emma hart Willard was an American pioneer educator . In her time colleges and universities were men , and women were not permitted to attend . Emma received advanced education at home from her father and became a school teacher at twenty . She continued to teach at school for several years after her marriage , and began offering college lessons in her home to women students . Later she founded a school in New York State , which was the first school of higher education in the U.S A. for women . Emma Willard also tried to persuade New York State to pass a law to allow women to attend public colleges and universities , though that did not come about until after her death . Some years later people remembered her for her life-long efforts and elected her to the U.S.A. Hall of Fame in 1905. During Emma Willards lifetime , women in the USA _ . A. were not allowed to receive higher education B. Went to separate colleges and universities C. Started to enjoy equal rights to education D. Began to right for the right to higher education 答案： D 。 這是一篇人物傳記， 記述Emma是在家里接受她父親的教育，數(shù)年后她創(chuàng)造美國(guó)第一所 女子高等學(xué)校，而后又一直爭(zhēng)取讓婦女得到與男人同在校接受高等教育的權(quán)利。通過(guò)這些事實(shí)說(shuō)明當(dāng)時(shí)的美國(guó)婦女開(kāi)始為爭(zhēng)取與男子享受高等教育的權(quán)利而斗爭(zhēng)，因此，答案D正確。*結(jié)束閱讀理解猜測(cè)詞義Passage * Technology has been an encouragement of historical change. It acted as such a force in England heginning in the eighteenth century, and across the entire Western World in the nineteenth. Rapid advances were made in the use of scientific findings in the manufacture (制造)of goods, which hanged ide as about work. Onc of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time. People also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product: each nail was exactly like every other nail. meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail. This means that goods could be mass production, ahhough mass production required breaking production down into smaller and smaller tasks. Oncc this was done, workers no longer started on the product and lahored to complete it. Instead, they might work only one thousandth of it, other workers completing their own parls in certain order.There is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by today's standards. Highly skilled workers were unable to com pare with the new produciion techniques, as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater num- ber than could ever be done by hand. But the skilled workers wasn't the only loser, thc common workers lost too. Similar changes forced fanners a way. The increased mechanization (械化) of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the land and harvesting its crops. They had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers. Increasingly, standards were set by machines. Workers no longer owned their own tools, their skill was no longer valued, and pride in their work was no longer possible. Workers fed, looked after and repaired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost. 1. In this passage, which of the following is NOT considered as a change caused by tile use of scientific findings in the production of goods? A. Other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. B. The increased exploitation of workers in the 19th century. C. The increased use of machines to make products in less time. D. The use of machines producing parts of the same stand ard. 答案：B 指導(dǎo)：由文中第一段可知。2. The underlined word "this" in the first paragraph refers to_. A. the use of scientific findings B. the practice of producing the same parts for a product C. the human power being replaced by other forms of energy D. the technology becoming the encouragement of historical change 答案：C 指導(dǎo)：由于其他“能”代替了“人力”，從而使“機(jī)器”生產(chǎn)出現(xiàn)。所以C為正確答案。3. The underlined word "this"in the second paragraph refers to the change that_. A. each nail could be taken tile place of by every other nail B. each nail was exactly like every other nail C. producing tasks became smaller and smaller D. goods could lie mass produced 答案：D 指導(dǎo)：由于產(chǎn)品成批生產(chǎn)，所以產(chǎn)生工人只做千分之一的工作。故D為正確答案。*結(jié)束閱讀理解猜測(cè)詞義Passage * In the United States the most popular form of folk dancing since the earliest days has been squa,redancing. In early times, when men and women worked in gr6ups to build a bam(牲口) or harvest crops, they danced when the work was done. The music coming from a violin formed the most part, but if there was no one to play an instrument, clapping was used to produce the rhythm by which to dance. The early settlers danced in a store, in a Dam, or in a farm kitchen. A square is formed by four couples who stand facing the center of the square, Each couple stands on one side of the square, the boy on the left and the girl on the right. The caller is an important part of the dance, since he tells the dancers which steps to do. If the dancers do not know the steps, he teaches them. It takes time to learn to be a good caller, and good callers are always in demand. These are the names of some of the steps the dancers do: Form a square; Circle; Honor your partner; Promenade (walk about slowly); Swing your partner; Form a star. There are many more. As the caller tells the dancers what to do next, they move to form the pattern he calls. Large or small numbers of people can dance at one time. Sometimes 800 or 1,000 people may be dancing at the same time. Or there may be only one square of eight people. Costumes are worn by some who square-dance, This makes the dancing more colorful to watch. The costumes vary from place to place. Women often wear full skirts of variouscolors with a pretty blouse, Men have colored shirts and west- ern trousers that they wear only when square-dancing. In some country areas, everyone wears his best clothes. 1. From the passage we know that squaredaneing originated from_. A. the schools B. the countryside C. big cities D. factories 答案：B 指導(dǎo)：細(xì)節(jié)判斷題，由文章第一段第二句可知。2. In the first paragraph, the underlined word “clap” means“_”. A. hit the hands together to make a sound B. a kind of thing like a radio C. shout at the top of one's voice D. knock something to make a sound 答案：A 指導(dǎo)：猜測(cè)詞義題。前面說(shuō)“if there was no one to play an instrument"，此處接著說(shuō)“就用clap的方式打節(jié)奏(rhythm)"，由此可推知其為“拍手”之意。3. If 1,000 people dance at the same time, how many squares can be formed? A. Only one big square, B. 1,000 squares. C. More than 100 squares. D. Less than 100 squares. 答案：C 指導(dǎo)：計(jì)算題。由第二段可知，每一個(gè)square由八個(gè)人組成，由此可推知。4. We can know from the passage that spuare-dancing _. A. is a nationwide custom of the US B. varies from one place to another C. is perforrmed only by people with colorful dresses D. has changed Arrericans' dressing customs答案：A 指導(dǎo)：短文第一段第一句可知。*結(jié)束閱讀理解推理判斷Passage*(典型例題) Deserts are found where there is little rainfall or where rain for a whole year falls in only a few weeks' time. Ten inches of rain may be enough for many plants to survive (存活) if the rain is spread throughout the year. If it falls within one or two months and the rest of the year is dry, those plants may die and a desert may form.Sand begins as tiny pieces of rock that get smaller and smaller as wind and weather wear them down. Sand dunes (沙丘) are formed as winds move the sand across the desert. Bit by bit, the dunes grow over the years, always moving with the winds and changing the shape. Most of them are only a few feet tall, but they can grow to be several hundred feet high. There is, however, much more to a desert than sand. In the deserts of the southwestern United States, cliffs (懸崖) and deep valleys were formed from thick mud that once lay beneath a sea more than millions of years ago. Over the centuries, the water dried up. Wind, sand, rain, heat and cold all wore away at the remaining rocks. The faces of the desert mountains are always changing-very, very slowly-as these forces of nature continue to work on the rock.Most deserts have a surprising variety of life. There are plants, animals and insects that have adapted to life in the deserr. During the heat of the day, a visitor may see very few signs of living things, but as the air begins to cool in the evening, the desert comes to life. As the sun begins to rise again in the sky, the desert once again becomes quiet and lonely. 1. Many plants may survive in deserts when_. A. the rain is spread out in a year B. the rain falls only in a few weeks C. there is little rain in a year D. it is dry all the year round . 答案: A 指導(dǎo)：通過(guò)第一段內(nèi)容可推出，此外作為中學(xué)生都應(yīng)該有這樣的常識(shí)，這題應(yīng)是一個(gè)送分題。2. Sand dunes are formed when_. A. sand piles up gradually B. there is plenty of rain in a year C. the sea has dried up over the years D. pieces of rock get smaller 答案: A 指導(dǎo)：第二段第二句給出了明確答案。3. The underlined sentence in the third paragraph probably means that in a desert there is_. A. too much sand B. more sand than before C. nothing except sandD. something else besides sand 答案: D 指導(dǎo)：首先理解畫(huà)線句子中的morethan(與相比多于，不只是)，然后根據(jù)本段其他句子進(jìn)行推斷。劃線部分在本段是topic sentence，其他的句子是supporting sentence. 如果不明白主題句，可從支撐句中去推斷，反之也是如此。4. It can be learned from the text that in a desert_. A. there is no rainfall throughout the year B. life exists in rough conditions C. all sand dunes are a few feet high D. rocks are worn away only by wind and heat 答案： B 指導(dǎo)：文章最后一段介紹了一些生活在嚴(yán)酷環(huán)境的沙漠中的生物情況。*結(jié)束