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1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與高考(復(fù)習(xí)課),一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本特征: 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，表示說(shuō)話(huà)的語(yǔ)氣或情態(tài)，但不能單獨(dú)在句中作謂語(yǔ)，只能同動(dòng)詞原形一道構(gòu)成句子謂語(yǔ)，它們沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，大多用于所有人稱(chēng)。,二、常見(jiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞： can/could, be able to, may/might, must, have to, need, dare/dared, should, ought to, shall, will/would,,三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)分布情況：,、常見(jiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法： can/could：“能、會(huì)”“可以”（用于現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去和將來(lái)三種時(shí)態(tài)） cant/couldnt：“不能、不可以”

2、 be able to：“能、會(huì)”（用于多種時(shí)態(tài)） may/might：“可以（=can/could）” must：“必須、一定”（表主觀(guān)看法，） have to：“必須、不得不”（表客觀(guān)需要，有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)、時(shí) 態(tài)的變化） mustnt：“一定不、千萬(wàn)不” 表禁止之意 neednt = dont have to：“不必”,1. A computer _______ think for itself, it must be told what to do. (91) A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not 2. --

3、Will you stay for lunch? (99) -- Sorry, ______. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustnt B. I cant C. I neednt D. I wont 3. -- Could I borrow your dictionary? -- Yes, of course you _________. (92) A. might B. will C. can D. should 4. Johnny, you ________ play with the knife, you ___

4、_____ hurt yourself. (96) A. wont; cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt; must D. cant; shouldnt,,,,,5. How ______ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article? A. can B. must C. need D. may (2001上海) 6. A left-luggage office is a place where ba

5、gs _______ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. A. should B. can C. must D. will （2003） 7. I dont mind telling you what I know. (2004江蘇) -- You _________. Im not asking you for it. A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt 8. Children under 12 years of age in that country _

6、______ be under adult supervision when in a public library. （2004上海） A. must B. may C. can D. need,,,,,9. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _______ get out. (97) A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to,注意：could：表過(guò)去的能力作“能、會(huì)”講時(shí)，可與was/were able to互換，但在表示過(guò)去經(jīng)過(guò)努力才完成的事情

7、時(shí)（即：managed to do sth.），只用was/were able to，不可用could；,,2、shall：用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞： A、用于第一、三人稱(chēng)的疑問(wèn)句中，表示征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或 向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh； -- Shall Tom/ I sweep the floor today ? -- Ok./Thats a good idea. B、用于第二、三人稱(chēng)陳述句中，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人給對(duì)方的“命 令”“禁止”“警告”“許諾”“威脅”等。如： You shall do as I say. （=must 表命令） He shall be sorry for it one day, I

8、 tell you. （表警告） Tell him that he shall get the book tomorrow. (許諾）,,10. The room is so dirty. __________ we clean it? -- Of course. (2003北京春) A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do,,3. should的用法 . should = ought to：應(yīng)當(dāng)、應(yīng)該（表義務(wù)、責(zé)任） You shouldnt be so careless. 你不應(yīng)當(dāng)這樣粗心大意。 .should：“竟然”表驚奇、遺憾等 It is as

9、tonishing that we should find violence here. 我們這兒竟然有有暴力行為，真令人震驚。 . should：可能、該（表可能性、推測(cè)或推論） They should have arrived in Beijing by this time. 他們這時(shí)候應(yīng)該已到北京了。 The report is written after careful investigation, so it is should be reliable,11. Im surprised that you should have been fooled by such a(an)

10、______ trick. （2001春） A. ordinary B. easy C. smart D. simple 12. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack _______ be here at any moment. (95) A. must B. need C. should D. can 13. -- When can I come for the photos ? I need them tomorrow afternoon. (98) -- They ________ be ready by 12:00. A. can

11、 B. should C. might D. need 14. I _______ pay Tracy a visit, but Im not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. （2004浙江） A. should B. might C. would D. could,,,,,. should：“應(yīng)該”（表虛擬） 句型一：insist等 + that-clause（“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”或“動(dòng) 詞原形”） 能用此句型的動(dòng)詞有：二命令：order, command 三

12、建議：suggest, advise, propose 四要求：require, request, demand, desire 但是：insist（堅(jiān)持說(shuō)/ 堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為），suggest（暗示/表明） 后的賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 The Arab insisted that he had never seen the camel. The dark clouds suggest that it is going to rain soon.,. can/could, may/might和must表推測(cè)：,1、must：“一定是、準(zhǔn)是”只用于肯定，其

13、結(jié)構(gòu)如下： must + 動(dòng)詞原形：對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè)； must + be doing：對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè)； must + have done：對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)； 2、can/could：用于否定和疑問(wèn)， cant/couldnt + 動(dòng)詞原形：“不可能” cant/couldnt + be doing：“不可能在做” cant/couldnt + have done：“不可能已經(jīng)” 3、may/might：“也許、可能”用于肯定、否定， may/might + 動(dòng)詞原形： may/might + have done： may/might not + 動(dòng)詞原形： ma

14、y/might not + have done：,15. Peter ______ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. (93) A. must B. may C. can D. will 16. -- Are you coming to Jeffs party? (2000) -- Im not sure. I _____ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might 17. I didnt hear the phone.

15、 I ________ asleep. (89) A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been 18. -- There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. (95) -- It _________ a comfortable journey. A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have

16、 been 19. -- Do you think our basketballers played very well yesterday ? -- ____ . （2001上海） A. They were not nervous at all B. They were still young C. They played naturally D. They couldnt have done better,,,,,,20. Is John coming by train? （2002） -- He should, but he ___ not. He likes drivi

17、ng his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may 21. Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter _____ go and do the opposite! (2003春) A. may B. can C. must D. should 22. I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. -- It _______ true because there was little snow there. A. ma

18、y not be B. must C. could D. would (2002北京) 23. You ________ be tired; youve only been working for an hour. (2004) A. must not B. wont C. cant D. may not 24. Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace? -- Sorry, I am not sure. But it _______ be. A. might B. will C. must D. ca

19、n (2004湖北) 25. Isnt that Anns husband over there? (2004安徽) -- No, it ____ be him. Im sure he doesnt wear glasses. A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not,,,,,,,注意：must/ can/ may表推測(cè)時(shí)，其反意疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成如下： He must be in the classroom, isnt he? He must have seen the film, hasnt he? He must have seen the f

20、ilm last month, didnt he?,、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表虛擬時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接完成體的四個(gè)句型： 、could/might have done：“本來(lái)可以” 、should/ought to have done：“本應(yīng)該” 、should not/ ought not to have done：“本不該” 、neednt have done：“本不必” 注意：以上四個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)都指過(guò)去的情況, 表并未如此, 在客觀(guān)陳述事實(shí)時(shí)要用一般過(guò)去時(shí).,26. Sorry Im late. I _______ have turned off the alarm clock and gone ba

21、ck to sleep again. A. might B. should C. can D. will （2000春） 27. -- I stayed at a hotel while in New York. (98) -- Oh, did you? You ____ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed 28. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ______ for he

22、r. (94) A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out 29. I was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word. A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left (2001) C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave 30. Tom ought not to _

23、____ me your secret, but he meant no harm. A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told (93),,,,,,2. 含if條件句的復(fù)合句中： 句型一：If（過(guò)去式/were），主句(should/would / could/ might + 動(dòng)原) “ 愿意、會(huì) / 能 / 也許” 句型二：If（had done），主句(should/would / could/ might +have done) “愿意、會(huì) / 能 / 也許

24、”,31. If my lawyer ____ here last Saturday, he ____ me from going. (89) A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented 32. -- If he _______ , he _______ that food. (93) -- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was w

25、arned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken,,,33. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother. (94) A. has come D. did come C. came D. had come 34. You d

26、idnt let me drive. If we _____ in turn, you _____ so tired. (96) A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got 35. Without electricity human life ______ quite different today. (91) A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be,,,

27、,,可兼做行為動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：need 、 dare,,,,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 (+動(dòng)詞原形),行為動(dòng)詞,,,,,,.,need,dare,1.無(wú)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化;,2.尤其用于：,*否定句及疑問(wèn)句中;,*在if/whether之后;,*或與hardly, never, no one, nobody連用;,3.常以neednt 和darent 的形式出現(xiàn);,4.dare有其過(guò)去時(shí)dared.,多用于肯定句; (sb.) need to do dare to do (sth.) need to be done (sth.) need doing,,,,注意對(duì)need問(wèn)句的回答: --Need I

28、finish the work today? --Yes, ________________. No, ________________. No, ________________.,you must,you neednt,you dont have to,,neednt 對(duì)其它情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的回答: --Shall I tell John about it? --No, you __________. --Must we do it now? --No, you __________.,neednt (dont have to),neednt

29、(dont have to),,,表示推測(cè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的重要用法.,肯定的推測(cè) 可能的推測(cè) 否定的推測(cè) 疑問(wèn)的推測(cè),must,,,,,,,,對(duì)將來(lái) 對(duì)現(xiàn)在 對(duì)過(guò)去,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,may, might,cant, couldnt,can, could,+ V. + V. + have done 常見(jiàn)must be + be doing,+ V. + V. + have done + be doing 可以用not表示“可能不”,+V. + V. + have done + be doing,+ V. + V. + have done + be doing,