2013年高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)山東版一、名詞、冠詞和主謂一致真題試做1(2012山東高考，24)My first _ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.AexpressionBattentionCsatisfaction Dimpression2(2011山東高考，21) Take your time it's just _ short distance from here to _ restaurant.A不填；the Ba；theCthe；a D不填；a3(2011山東高考，34)There's a _ in our office that when it's somebody's birthday，they bring in a cake for us all to share.Atradition BbalanceCconcern Drelationship4(2010山東高考，22)If we sit near _ front of the bus，we'll have _ better view.A不填；the B不填；aCthe; a Dthe；the5(2010山東高考，33)Those who suffer from headache will find they get _ from this medicine.Arelief BsafetyCdefense Dshelter6(2009山東高考，25)The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since 1990.Ais BareChas been Dhave been考向分析1名詞不僅是中學(xué)英語(yǔ)的基本詞匯，也是歷年高考的“?？汀薄８呖紝?duì)名詞的考查往往集中在名詞詞義辨析、抽象名詞具體化、名詞作定語(yǔ)及名詞的固定搭配等方面。2冠詞的題目幾乎每年都有一道，而且往往設(shè)兩個(gè)空，以增加覆蓋面和難度。高考對(duì)冠詞的考查主要包括定冠詞與不定冠詞的區(qū)別、名詞前省略冠詞的場(chǎng)合、特指與泛指的區(qū)分以及習(xí)語(yǔ)中冠詞的用法等，特別是有些題目暗含特指的意義，需要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境仔細(xì)體會(huì)。3主謂一致主要考查一些基本句型的用法。注意掌握主謂一致的三個(gè)原則，尤其是主語(yǔ)部分比較復(fù)雜時(shí)，要明確哪部分是真正的主語(yǔ)。熱點(diǎn)例析考點(diǎn)一：名詞詞義辨析同義詞、近義詞甚至是形近詞有著不同的含義和適用場(chǎng)合，要特別注意在特定語(yǔ)境中準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用詞匯和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的能力。平時(shí)要努力擴(kuò)大詞匯量，做題時(shí)要深入理解語(yǔ)境，整體把握，結(jié)合句意作出最佳選擇。【典例分析】 (2012江蘇高考，21)Can I help you with it?I appreciate your _，but I can manage it myself.AadviceBquestionCoffer Didea答案為C項(xiàng)。advice意為“建議”；question意為“問(wèn)題”；offer意為“提供，提議”；idea意為“想法，主意”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境看出“我可以幫忙嗎？”是對(duì)方主動(dòng)的提議，所以選C項(xiàng)。考點(diǎn)二：抽象名詞具體化抽象名詞是表示狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、情感等而沒(méi)有實(shí)物的名詞。抽象名詞具體化后變成可數(shù)名詞，前面可加不定冠詞，用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)其具體表現(xiàn)形式或表示某一次短暫的動(dòng)作，常意為“一次的事情；一個(gè)的人；一種的東西”。如：difficulty 困難a difficulty 一件難事 surprise 驚訝a surprise 一件令人驚訝的事pleasure 愉快a pleasure 一件樂(lè)事failure 失敗a failure 一位失敗者；一件失敗的事success 成功a success 一位成功者；一件成功的事【典例分析】 (2012山東高考，29)Being able to afford _ drink would be _ comfort in those tough times.Athe；the Ba；aCa；不填 D不填；a答案為B項(xiàng)。句意：在那艱苦的歲月里能夠買(mǎi)得起一杯飲料將會(huì)是一種安慰。drink在此句中表泛指，指“一杯或一種飲料”；comfort作“安慰，舒適”講時(shí)，為不可數(shù)名詞，但在此用a comfort表示“一件令人安慰的事物”，comfort為可數(shù)名詞。故選B項(xiàng)。考點(diǎn)三：名詞作定語(yǔ)名詞作定語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)形式，如a mountain village，stone houses；但man和woman作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要隨著所修飾的名詞的數(shù)的變化而變化。如：a woman doctor，two women doctors。【典例分析】 There are more _ teachers than _ teachers in our school.Aman；woman Bwoman；menCman；women Dmen；women答案為D項(xiàng)。名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般用單數(shù)形式，但man和woman作定語(yǔ)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，也應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式的men和women?？键c(diǎn)四：名詞的所有格1以“s”結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞所有格只加“'”。如：the teachers' reading­room/ten minutes' walk2復(fù)數(shù)為特殊變化的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加“'s”。如：Women's Day/the Children's Palace3名詞并列時(shí)，所有格的形式不同，其含義不同。如：Tom and Bob's desk 湯姆和鮑勃的桌子(共有)Tom's and Bob's desks湯姆的桌子和鮑勃的桌子(不共有)4雙重所有格。(1)當(dāng)of短語(yǔ)所修飾的名詞前有表示數(shù)量的詞，如a/two/some/any/no等時(shí)，表示所有關(guān)系的of后加名詞所有格或名詞性物主代詞。如：a friend of my brother's/his 我弟弟的/他的一個(gè)朋友several students of Mr.Smith's/mine史密斯先生的/我的幾個(gè)學(xué)生(2)當(dāng)of短語(yǔ)所修飾的名詞前有一個(gè)指示代詞表示一定感情色彩時(shí)，of后也用名詞所有格或名詞性物主代詞。如：That little son of Xiao Li's/yours is really lovely.小李的/你的那個(gè)小兒子真可愛(ài)。This invention of the professor's/his is of great importance.教授的/他的這項(xiàng)發(fā)明很重要?！镜淅治觥?The _ shoes were covered with mud，so I asked them to take them off before they got into _ car.Agirl's；Tom's Bgirls'；Toms'Cgirls'；Tom's Dgirl's；Toms'答案為C項(xiàng)。根據(jù)題干后半部分的them可知第一個(gè)空應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)的所有格girls'；第二個(gè)空用Tom's表示“湯姆的”?？键c(diǎn)五：冠詞的基本用法特指泛指表示類(lèi)別表示“一個(gè)(些)”可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)the booka booka book可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)the booksbookssome/any books不可數(shù)名詞the sugarsugarsome/any sugar【典例分析】 (2012全國(guó)高考，7)He missed _ gold in the high jump，but will get _ second chance in the long jump.Athe；the B不填；aCthe；a Da；不填答案為C項(xiàng)。第一個(gè)空應(yīng)選定冠詞特指跳高的金牌；第二個(gè)空表示“又一次機(jī)會(huì)”，不表示特指，應(yīng)用不定冠詞a。故選C項(xiàng)?？键c(diǎn)六：冠詞的省略1東、西方都有的節(jié)日名稱(chēng)前不用冠詞，如：New Year's Day，Christmas，National Day，Army Day等；但中國(guó)的節(jié)日一般用定冠詞，如：the Spring Festival，the Mid­Autumn Festival等。2月份、日期前一般不用冠詞，如：in October，on March 8等。3三餐名詞前不用冠詞，如：have breakfast/lunch/dinner等。但有定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)需加冠詞，如：have a big breakfast，have a wonderful lunch等。4表示體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的名詞前不用冠詞，如：play football/cards/chess等；但樂(lè)器名詞前需加定冠詞，如：play the violin/the piano等。5表示職位、頭銜的名詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)時(shí)不用冠詞。如：He was elected chairman.Mr. Wang，headmaster of our school，went to Japan last week.6一些習(xí)慣短語(yǔ)不用冠詞。如：at night，at first，by bus，go to bed，at table等?！镜淅治觥?(2012重慶高考，24)Sam has been appointed _ manager of the engineering department to take _ place of George.A/；/ Bthe；/Cthe；the D/；the答案為D項(xiàng)。英語(yǔ)中表示頭銜、職位的名詞用作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)時(shí)前面不加冠詞，該題manager在句中作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，所以第一個(gè)空不用冠詞；take the place of為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“代替”。句意：薩姆已被委任為工程部的經(jīng)理來(lái)代替喬治?？键c(diǎn)七：習(xí)語(yǔ)中的冠詞1有些習(xí)語(yǔ)中習(xí)慣用不定冠詞。如：on an average，as a whole，in a hurry，make an effort，make an apology，pay a visit to等。2有些習(xí)語(yǔ)中習(xí)慣用定冠詞。如：by the hour，in the distance，by the way，catch/pull/take sb.by the hand，pat/hit sb.on the head/in the face等。3有些習(xí)語(yǔ)中習(xí)慣不用冠詞。如：in use，in trouble，at noon，day and night，shoulder to shoulder，at war，on duty，in fact，in order，under repair，have trouble/difficulty in doing sth.等。4有些習(xí)語(yǔ)中有無(wú)冠詞意義完全不同。如：【典例分析】 (2012課標(biāo)全國(guó)高考，22)Sarah looked at _ finished painting with _ satisfaction.A不填；a Ba；theCthe；不填 Dthe；a答案為C項(xiàng)。第一個(gè)空應(yīng)用定冠詞，特指“完成的那幅畫(huà)”；第二個(gè)空不用冠詞，with satisfaction為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“滿(mǎn)意地”?？键c(diǎn)八：主謂一致主謂一致有語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致和就近一致三個(gè)基本原則。1單數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)。復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Much milk is offered to him.Reading aloud is very important in learning English.To nod one's head means agreement.What they said is true.2and和both.and.連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.，not.but.連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)和靠近的主語(yǔ)一致。如：Tom and Peter are both from America.Both bread and butter were served for breakfast in this hotel.Either you or I am going to answer the question.Not only he but also his parents have been to New York.3當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后跟with，along with，together with，including，but，except加另一名詞或代詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：Tom together with his parents is going to New York.Many teachers，including Mr.Wang，have been to Beijing.4不定代詞和疑問(wèn)代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般視作單數(shù)。all，most，half等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若指不可數(shù)的東西，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；若指可數(shù)的東西，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Either of the shirts fits me very well.Someone strange is asking to see you.Who is on duty today?Most of the people are against the plan.Most of the earth's surface is covered with water.5集體名詞people，cattle，police等一般作復(fù)數(shù)。family，class，team，army，government，public等作為整體看待時(shí)為單數(shù)，看作組成的成員時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。單復(fù)數(shù)同形的sheep，deer，means等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要根據(jù)意義確定謂語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)。如：People here are all fond of football.Men's clothing is sold in this shop.His family has just moved to Beijing.Hearing the news，the whole family were very happy.Every means has been tried.All means have been tried.6“many a 單數(shù)名詞”和“more than one 單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。如：Many a student has seen the film.More than one person knows the secret.7and連接的主語(yǔ)分別被each，every，no等所修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。如：Each man and each woman has a chance to be raised in our company.8“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) of 名詞”和“the rest of /the majority of 名詞”等構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要與名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。如：Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.Sixty percent of the students in our school are girls.9時(shí)間、重量、距離、金錢(qián)等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)。如：Ten years is quite a long time.10“the 形容詞”作主語(yǔ)，表示一類(lèi)人時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The rich live a happy life，while the poor live a hard life.【典例分析】 (2012湖南高考，35)All the scientific evidence _ that increasing use of chemicals in farming _ damaging our health.Ashow；are Bshows；areCshow；is Dshows；is答案為D項(xiàng)。第一個(gè)空的主語(yǔ)為不可數(shù)名詞evidence，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)shows；第二個(gè)空的主語(yǔ)為use，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用單數(shù)形式。句意：所有的科學(xué)證據(jù)都表明農(nóng)業(yè)中化學(xué)品日益增長(zhǎng)的使用正損害我們的身體健康。故D項(xiàng)正確。誤區(qū)警示1名詞“熟詞生義”易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)(2012福建高考，25)Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?Well，you know，English is my _.So it is my best choice.Astrength BtalentCability Dskill【錯(cuò)混透析】Astrength意為“力氣，力量”，還可引申為“長(zhǎng)處，強(qiáng)項(xiàng)”，符合句意。句意：你為什么選擇在一家國(guó)際旅行社工作？哦，你知道，英語(yǔ)是我的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)。因此這是我的最佳選擇。talent 意為“天賦”；ability意為“能力”；skill意為“技能”。如果不能根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)境靈活理解詞義，很難作出正確選擇。【解題指導(dǎo)】 在高考試題中，有一種“熟詞生義”題型，即題目中所填的詞是考生所熟悉的，但所考查的含義卻是不常見(jiàn)的。這就要求考生在掌握單詞基本意義的基礎(chǔ)上，善于結(jié)合不同的語(yǔ)境去體會(huì)、感悟單詞的新義。2表泛指與特指時(shí)冠詞使用的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)(2012四川高考，18)We are said to be living in_Information Age，_time of new discoveries and great changes.Aan；the B不填；theC不填；a Dthe；a【錯(cuò)混透析】D第一個(gè)空應(yīng)用the對(duì)Information Age進(jìn)行特指，指的是信息時(shí)代；第二個(gè)空應(yīng)用a表示泛指，a time of.意為“一個(gè)的時(shí)代”。句意：據(jù)說(shuō)我們生活在信息時(shí)代，一個(gè)擁有新的發(fā)現(xiàn)和巨大變化的時(shí)代。該題第一個(gè)空易誤選不定冠詞，第二個(gè)空易誤選零冠詞?！窘忸}指導(dǎo)】 結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，當(dāng)表示“一”這個(gè)數(shù)量，或表示“每一個(gè)”時(shí)，要用不定冠詞；當(dāng)特指某人或物、指談話雙方都知道的人或物以及指上文提到過(guò)的人或物時(shí)，要用定冠詞，特別要注意有些題目中暗含特指意義，做題時(shí)要仔細(xì)揣摩。3獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前冠詞的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)We can never expect _ bluer sky unless we create _ less polluted world.Aa；a Ba；theCthe；a Dthe；the 【錯(cuò)混透析】 Asky和world是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的，所以該題易誤選D項(xiàng)。但該題中其前面都有形容詞修飾，表示會(huì)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)什么樣的sky和world，這時(shí)前面應(yīng)加不定冠詞?！窘忸}指導(dǎo)】 world，earth，sun，moon，sky等世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前通常用定冠詞，但前面若被形容詞修飾，則需加不定冠詞，表示會(huì)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)什么樣的world，earth，sun，moon或sky等。4抽象名詞具體化時(shí)的冠詞應(yīng)用失誤It will make _ big difference whether the opening ceremony becomes _ success or not.A/；/ Ba；aCa；the Da；/【錯(cuò)混透析】 Bmake a difference為固定短語(yǔ)，所以第一個(gè)空應(yīng)用不定冠詞；第二個(gè)空也應(yīng)用不定冠詞，a success表示“一件成功的事情”?！窘忸}指導(dǎo)】 當(dāng)success，failure，pleasure，help，surprise，honour等抽象名詞用作其本義時(shí)，通常不能與不定冠詞連用。但是，當(dāng)這些抽象名詞表示具體的概念，即用來(lái)表示可數(shù)的人或事物時(shí)，可以與不定冠詞連用。5主謂一致的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)(2012陜西高考，12)The basketball coach，as well as his team，_ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.Awere BwasCis Dare【錯(cuò)混透析】Bas well as 連接兩個(gè)并列的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)其前面的名詞來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式，且根據(jù)句意“比賽結(jié)束不久，教練和他的隊(duì)員們由于出色的表現(xiàn)而接受了采訪”可知?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)生在過(guò)去，故選B項(xiàng)。如果誤認(rèn)為his team是主語(yǔ)，則很可能誤選A項(xiàng)。【解題指導(dǎo)】 遇到考查主謂一致的題目，關(guān)鍵是分清哪部分是真正的主語(yǔ)，然后根據(jù)主謂一致的三個(gè)原則作出判斷。1(2012濟(jì)南一中上期末，33) Only by seizing every possible _ to practice can you possibly hope to improve your spoken English.AsolutionBopportunityCexperience Dtouch2George was responsible for the accident because he didn't give a _ to other drivers.Anotice BsignalCsymbol Dmark3The new school building offers easy _ to wheelchair users.Asolution BmethodCaccess Dway4The lawyer advised him to drop the _，since he stands little chance to win.Acase BeventCincident Daffair5I'd like him to know that I don't want to be with him，but he never gets the _.Amessage BnewsCinformation Dword6The _ of Jay Chow's concert made most of the audience present get wild.Aenvironment BinfluenceCimpression Datmosphere7(2012四川自貢二診，12) Some companies are thinking of ways to save natural _ by making better use of the water used in the bathroom.Aenergy BsourcesCpower Dresources8(2012安徽蚌埠二中月考，21) His performance turned out to be _，but he kept on trying because he knew success often comes after _.Aa failure；a failureBfailure；a failureCfailure；failureDa failure；failure9The party was _ success.We sang and danced until it came to _ end at midnight.Aa；an Ba；theCthe；an D/；an10(2012濟(jì)南一中上期末，21) Excuse me，what can I do for you?Yes.I'd like to place _ advertisement for _ used car in your paper.Athe；a Ban；/Can；a D/；the11With his wise thoughts about _ nature and the world，Confucius is a great thinker in _ history of China.A不填；theBthe；theC不填；不填Dthe；不填12Mrs Hanson，a housewife bent on getting _ higher education，has been going to college，a few courses at _ time for 7 years.Aa；a B不填；theCthe；a D不填；不填13Everything comes with _ price；there is no such _ thing as free lunch in the world.Aa；a Bthe；/Cthe；/ Da；/14Every possible means _ been tried；however，nothing can help _ the poor child from the danger.Ahave；prevent Bhas；preventChas；protect Dhave；protect15He told me that he had mailed part of the samples and that the rest _ in a few days.Awas following Bhave followedChas followed Dwere following參考答案一、名詞、冠詞和主謂一致命題調(diào)研·明晰考向真題試做1D考查名詞。expression意為“表達(dá)，表情”；attention意為“注意力，關(guān)心”；satisfaction意為“滿(mǎn)意，滿(mǎn)足”；impression意為“印象，感想”。句意：他給我的第一印象是他是一個(gè)善良體貼的年輕人。故D項(xiàng)正確。2B考查冠詞。句意：慢慢來(lái)，從這兒到旅館只是一小段距離。distance 表示一段距離用a，如固定搭配from a distance of.；第二個(gè)空the restaurant 是兩人都知道的事物，是特指。3A考查名詞辨析。tradition“傳統(tǒng)，慣例”；balance“天平，平衡”；concern“關(guān)心，掛念”；relationship “關(guān)系”。句意：在我們辦公室里有一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)，有人過(guò)生日，他們就會(huì)拿蛋糕與眾人分享。根據(jù)句意A項(xiàng)正確。4C考查冠詞。句意：如果我們坐在公共汽車(chē)的前部，我們就會(huì)有更好的視野。表示“某空間內(nèi)部的前面”時(shí)，front前要加定冠詞the。have a good view意為“有好的視野，看得清楚”，是習(xí)慣搭配；此處暗含與坐在車(chē)內(nèi)的其他部位相比較的含義，所以用比較級(jí)。故C項(xiàng)正確。5A考查名詞詞義辨析。relief“減輕，解除，安慰”；safety“安全”；defense“防衛(wèi)，防守”；shelter“避難所，庇護(hù)”。句意：那些頭疼病患者將會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)服用這種藥物會(huì)讓頭疼的癥狀減輕。由句意可知，A項(xiàng)正確。6C考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。該句主語(yǔ)是The number，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，又因時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是since 1990，所以應(yīng)用完成時(shí)態(tài)。創(chuàng)新模擬·預(yù)測(cè)演練1B考查名詞辨析。solution意為“解決辦法”；opportunity意為“機(jī)會(huì)”；experience意為“經(jīng)驗(yàn)，經(jīng)歷”；touch意為“接觸”。根據(jù)句意判斷應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)，表示“抓住每一次可能的機(jī)會(huì)”。2B考查名詞辨析。notice意為“注意，公告，通知”；signal意為“信號(hào)”；symbol意為“記號(hào)，象征”；mark意為“標(biāo)記”。根據(jù)句意判斷應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)，表示“他沒(méi)有給別的司機(jī)發(fā)出信號(hào)”。3C考查名詞辨析。method“方法”；way“方式，方法”；solution“解決辦法”；access to sb. /sth.表示“(使用某物或者接近某人的)機(jī)會(huì)或權(quán)利，(接近或進(jìn)入某地的)方法；通路”。故選C項(xiàng)。4A考查名詞辨析。句意：律師建議他放棄這個(gè)案子，因?yàn)樗A的機(jī)會(huì)很小。case意為“案例，案子”；event意為“重大事件”；incident意為“事件”；affair意為“瑣事，事件”。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。5A考查名詞辨析。句意：我想讓他知道我不想和他在一起，但他就是不明白我的意思。get the message為習(xí)語(yǔ)，意為“明白，理解，領(lǐng)悟，知悉(某人的暗示等)”。6D考查名詞辨析。句意：周杰倫音樂(lè)會(huì)上的氣氛讓大多數(shù)聽(tīng)眾發(fā)狂。environment意為“環(huán)境”；influence意為“影響”；impression意為“印象，感想”；atmosphere意為“大氣，氣氛”。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。7D考查名詞辨析。energy意為“能源”；source意為“源頭，根源”；power意為“電力”；resource意為“資源”。根據(jù)句意可知此處指“節(jié)省自然資源”。8D考查冠詞。failure意為“失敗”時(shí)，為抽象名詞，泛指時(shí)不用冠詞，所以第二個(gè)空應(yīng)用failure；failure表示“失敗的事情”時(shí)，為可數(shù)名詞，所以第一個(gè)空應(yīng)用a failure。9A考查冠詞。success此處指“一件成功的事情”，為可數(shù)名詞，所以第一個(gè)空應(yīng)用a表示泛指；come to an end為固定短語(yǔ)，表示“結(jié)束”。10C考查冠詞。第一個(gè)空應(yīng)用an表示“一則廣告”；第二個(gè)空應(yīng)用a表示“一輛用過(guò)的車(chē)，一輛二手車(chē)”。11A考查冠詞。nature表示“大自然”時(shí)，為不可數(shù)名詞，前面不用冠詞；第二空后的history后面有修飾成分，特指“中國(guó)歷史”，所以要使用定冠詞。12A考查冠詞。第一個(gè)空用a表示泛指；第二個(gè)空也用a，at a time是固定詞組，表示“每次，一次”。所以A項(xiàng)正確。13D考查冠詞。由于everything泛指“一切東西”，所以第一個(gè)空應(yīng)選不定冠詞泛指“價(jià)格，代價(jià)”；第二個(gè)空不用冠詞，因?yàn)閚o為形容詞，其后的名詞不再使用冠詞。故選D項(xiàng)。14C考查主謂一致和動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：每種可能的方法都已經(jīng)嘗試了，然而，沒(méi)有什么能保護(hù)這個(gè)可憐的孩子不受到危險(xiǎn)的傷害。every means是單數(shù)，所以第一個(gè)空用has；protect.from.“保護(hù)，保衛(wèi)”，符合題意。15D考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：他告訴我部分樣品已經(jīng)寄出，剩下的(樣品)幾天后寄出。從時(shí)態(tài)角度考慮，told me后面的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)，排除B、C兩項(xiàng)；根據(jù)主謂一致的原則，the rest此處指the rest of the samples，表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用復(fù)數(shù)形式，答案為D項(xiàng)。