2013年高考第二輪復習英語山東版題型技法指導專題二完形填空真題試做(2012山東高考)Whenever we hear about“the homeless，”most of us think of the Developing World.But the _36_ is that homelessness is everywhere.For example，how many of us would expect to see people living on the streets of a _37_ country like Germany?Kurt Muller and his wife Rita have spent eleven years making _38_ for the homeless of Berlin，Germany's capital.They first _39_ one long hot summer when most Germans were _40_ on holiday.Kurt and his wife stayed at home，made sandwiches，_41_ a table in the street and gave food to the homeless.The Mullers soon realised that food and clothing weren't _42_.“What these people also need is warmth and _43_，”says Rita.The Mullers didn't _44_ to give their phone number to the street people and told them to phone anytime.Rita _45_ there was somebody at home to answer the phone and their home was always _46_ to anyone who couldn't face another night on the street.The couple were soon _47_ all their time and money，so Kurt visited food and clothing companies to _48_ donations.Today，over thirty companies _49_ donate food and other goods to the cause and volunteers help to _50_ them to the homeless.The public also give clothes and money and a shoe producer _51_ new shoes.Kurt and Rita receive no _52_ for their hard work.“We feel like parents，”says Rita，“and parents shouldn't _53_ money for helping their children.The love we get on the streets is our salary.”Though Rita admits she often gets _54_，she says she will continue with her work because she likes the feeling of having made a _55_ in the world.36A.resultBtruthCreason Didea37A.traditional BdevelopingCtypical Dwealthy38A.preparations BhousesCmeals Dsuggestions39A.began BmetCcalled Dleft40A.asleep BaloneCacross Daway41A.brought up Bset upCput aside Dgave away42A.enough BnecessaryChelpful Dexpensive43A.fame BfreedomCcourage Dcaring44A.hesitate BagreeCpretend Dintend45A.made sense Bfound outCmade sure Dworked out46A.open BcrowdedCnoisy Dnear47A.costing BwastingCtaking Dspending48A.pay for Bask forClook into Dcarry out49A.completely BcalmlyCregularly Droughly50A.advertise BsellCdeliver Dlend51A.donates BproducesCdesigns Dcollects52A.permission BpaymentCdirection Dsupport53A.borrow BraiseCsave Dexpect54A.surprised BexcitedCtired Damused55A.profit BdifferenceCdecision Drule專題二完形填空第二部分題型技法指導考向分析山東近5年高考完形填空統計：年份20082009201020112012體裁夾敘夾議文記敘文記敘文夾敘夾議文記敘文題材講述了作者遭遇暴風雨而歷經艱辛堅持去上班，然后收到了經理的一封表示感激的電子信件，使作者感悟到幾句簡短的話語可以使人精神煥發(fā)。講述了發(fā)生在一位學生和老師之間的愛心故事。通過老師對學生認識的轉變、學生送給老師一個裝滿愛的盒子，體現了濃濃的愛意和師生情意。講述了作者小時候參加舞蹈演出的一次難忘經歷。表演之前作者充滿信心，但在表演過程中出現了失誤，是老師的教誨使她努力面帶笑容順利完成了剩余的動作。講述了作者八歲時第一次聽現場搖滾音樂會的經歷和感受。從此他成為了那個樂隊粉絲，并走進了其他音樂，但是再聽這個樂隊的樂曲時又會回憶起那場演唱會的情境。講述了一對德國夫婦為了幫助無家可歸的人所付出的努力，并借主人公之口表達了作者的感受：給予愛，也收獲愛，這非常有意義。段數66445詞數334309323306285考點動詞889118名詞65665形容詞33325副詞12112連詞111介詞111選材以記敘文為主，內容兼有教育性和啟迪性。從體裁上看，完形填空題以記敘為主，議論為輔，結構完整，用詞準確，篇章條理清晰，敘事通暢明了。從題材上看，完形填空力圖選取一篇有教育意義和現實意義的文章，主題明確，邏輯性強，語言地道生動，內容新穎、時尚，內容通常涉及日常生活、文史知識、科技小品、社會熱點、政治、經濟、人物傳記等。2首句一般不設空，全文保持一定的挖空密度。完形填空的第一句一般都是完整的句子，記敘文的第一句通常把短文中故事發(fā)生的時間、地點、人物和事件等交代清楚，作為考生在解題時理解并掌握全文大意的基礎。很多時候議論文和說明文的第一句是文章的主題句，抓住主題句便抓住了文章的主旨?？崭裨诙涛闹芯夥植?。相鄰空格之間間隔適當，避免了提示信息過多或過少的情況。3以語篇考查為主，單純語法考查很少。完形填空題以語篇為載體，立足于考生對全文的理解。試題注重考查考生結合詞匯、語法、語篇知識、生活常識、文化背景知識等進行邏輯推理和綜合判斷的能力，而非簡單考查其詞匯使用和單句語法及意義方面的知識。在干擾項的設計上，充分考慮了測試的信度與效度，避免了干擾項與正確項相似度過低或過高而引起的干擾性過弱或過強的情況。單純考查語法結構的題目數量很少，重在文意干擾，每題四個選項大多屬同一語法范疇。如果是動詞，則都是動詞，且都用同樣的時態(tài)或語態(tài)；如果是名詞，則都是名詞，且都用同樣的單復數形式；如果是副詞，則都是副詞；如果是短語，則都是同類的短語。如果孤立地看挖空的句子，可能每個選項都能滿足句子的需要，無論將哪個選項填進去，從語法上講都是正確的，但是要確定正確答案，只能根據全文的內容和情節(jié)發(fā)展作出判斷。如(2012山東高考)37A.traditionalBdevelopingCtypical Dwealthy38A.preparations BhousesCmeals Dsuggestions 39A.began BmetCcalled Dleft 41A.brought up Bset upCput aside Dgave away49A.completely BcalmlyCregularly Droughly 4考點分布合理。以考查單詞為主，短語或詞組為輔；以考查實詞為主，虛詞為輔。完形填空備選項的構成以單個詞為主，短語或詞組較少出現。近5年山東卷考查短語的題目：2008年沒有；2009年1個；2010年2個；2011年1個；2012年3個。選項詞匯主要是實詞，虛詞較少出現。近5年山東卷考查的詞匯主要是動詞和名詞，其次是形容詞和副詞；對連詞、介詞等虛詞的考查知識偶爾出現。這樣的設置既要求考生具有很好的詞感，能熟練運用所學過的常見詞匯，還要求他們具有較強的語感，具有對語篇進行整體處理的能力。做到“上下求索尋信息，左顧右盼找答案，瞻前顧后想全文”，同時結合考生個人積累的各方面的知識正確解讀全文。答題步驟做完形填空試題，切忌邊看短文，邊選答案，因為這樣解題易脫離上下文孤立地看句子，從而產生錯誤。一般來說，解答完形填空題應遵循以下三個步驟。1略讀全文，把握大意。文章都有中心議題和中心內容。通讀全文，才能全局在胸、弄清文脈、理清思路，才能抓住文章主旨，獲得整體印象，把握短文大意，使思維朝著正確的方向發(fā)展。在閱讀中要特別注意提示句，并盡量記憶關鍵詞、句，力求把文章內容串連起來。2細讀全文，初選試填。在理解全文大意的基礎上，再結合所給備選項細讀全文，遵循詞不離句、句不離文的原則，聯系上下文內容，運用平時積累的英語語法和語言知識及根據文中語義、邏輯和搭配的需要進行綜合考慮，通過分析、比較和篩選，排除干擾項，初步選定答案。在作出選擇的過程中，要瞻前顧后，通篇考慮，先易后難。對比較明顯直接的、自己最有把握的答案先進行確定。對少數難題，可暫定答案，在復讀全文后分析推敲。3復讀全文，校核答案。完成選擇后，要把所選的答案代入原文，再把全文通讀一篇，逐空認真復查。完成后的文章應該文意完整、語法正確、語言通順、用詞恰當、邏輯合理、符合習慣表達法。如發(fā)現錯誤或有疑問的答案，應再次推敲、反復斟酌、做出修正。 技法指導1依據文章首句，判斷主旨大意。依據文章首句所給的線索可以看出文章的體裁，判斷主旨大意，掌握作者的寫作思路及其對某人或某事物的感情色彩。只有掌握了主旨大意，理清了文章結構，了解了各部分之間的關系，才能加深對文章的整體理解。換句話說，考生應對全文有一個清晰的概念，明白文章的各部分都是為了表達同一個主題，這樣在略讀時就更容易把握含空格的句子的真正含義，答題時就會顯得輕而易舉了。如：(2012山東高考)Whenever we hear about “the homeless，” most of us think of the Developing World.剖析：閱讀文章首句可知，這是一篇記敘文，作者講述的話題與“無家可歸者”有關。2根據文章大意，把握上下文的關系。做完形填空題不能離開上下文。很多題僅從語法角度來說，可能有兩三個正確答案，但是結合上下文，情況就不一樣了。上下文是形成語境的基礎，任何語言結構、語法關系、詞語搭配都不能無視上下文的聯系。做題時，要學會瞻前顧后，要做到詞不離句、句不離段、段不離文。有時我們會發(fā)現，上文的答案在下文有提示，而下文的答案在上文中也有信息。如：(2012山東高考)Kurt Muller and his wife Rita have spent eleven years making _38_ for the homeless of Berlin，Germany's capital.38A.preparationsBhousesCmeals Dsuggestions 剖析：C僅從第38個空所在句子來理解，馬勒夫婦為無家可歸者“建造房屋”似乎更合適，表達為“做準備”或“提建議”也未嘗不可，但是根據第二段最后一句中的made sandwiches和gave food to the homeless可知，他們是為無家可歸的人提供膳食。3根據文章語境，進行詞義辨析。完形填空的命題特點之一就是利用詞匯辨析知識命題，而且占了整篇文章題目的絕大部分。首先要準確把握詞匯的意思和用法以及不同語境中的變化，仔細辨析相似、相近詞語的詞義，特別注意詞語的固定搭配以及詞匯的引申意義。如：(2012山東高考)For example，how many of us would expect to see people living on the streets of a _37_ country like Germany?37A.traditional BdevelopingCtypical Dwealthy剖析：Dtraditional意為“傳統的”；developing意為“發(fā)展中的”；typical意為“典型的，有代表性的”；wealthy意為“富裕的”。此處通過實例來說明上一句的觀點，結合后面的like Germany判斷應選D項表示“一個富裕的國家”。Kurt and his wife stayed at home，made sandwiches，_41_ a table in the street and gave food to the homeless.41A.brought up Bset upCput aside Dgave away剖析：Bbring up意為“提出，養(yǎng)育”； set up意為“建立，安裝；臨時搭起”；put aside意為“把放在一邊，儲存?zhèn)溆谩?；give away意為“捐贈，泄露”。根據前后句的語境判斷應選B項，表示“他們在街上安放桌子”。4體會文章的色彩，注意語言的和諧。作者對完形填空文章賦予了一定的感情色彩。首先要理解作者說話的語氣和文章的感情色彩，這種語氣和色彩是和諧一致的，而且貫穿全文的。做題時要充分體會上下文語言的和諧性，理解文章的深層含義。如：(2012山東高考)The Mullers soon realised that food and clothing weren't _42_.“What these people also need is warmth and _43_，” says Rita.The Mullers didn't _44_ to give their phone number to the street people and told them to phone anytime.42A.enough BnecessaryChelpful Dexpensive 剖析：A根據下句also need判斷應選A項，表示馬勒夫婦很快意識到僅僅提供衣物是不“夠”的。43A.fame BfreedomCcourage Dcaring 剖析：D無家可歸者不僅需要食物，也需要溫暖和“關心”。44A.hesitate BagreeCpretend Dintend剖析：A從全文看出，馬勒夫婦竭盡全力幫助無家可歸者，所以選A項，表示“毫不猶豫地做某事”。 5把握文章脈絡，進行推理判斷。在完形填空題中常常要對文章的情節(jié)、作者的態(tài)度等進行推理判斷。因此首先要抓住文章的脈絡，弄清楚文章的結構及上下文的邏輯關系。只有這樣，才能加深對文章深層意義的理解，從而更好地完成“完形”的任務，恢復文章的原貌。如：(2012山東高考)Kurt and Rita receive no _52_ for their hard work.“We feel like parents，” says Rita，“and parents shouldn't _53_ money for helping their children.52A.permission BpaymentCdirection Dsupport剖析：B全文講述了馬勒夫婦為無家可歸者所做的無私奉獻，所以應選B項，表示“他們的努力工作沒有任何報酬”。53A.borrow BraiseCsave Dexpect 剖析：D父母幫助孩子是不期望得到報酬的，所以expect符合文意。誤區(qū)警示1文章大意易錯點(2012山東高考) Though Rita admits she often gets tired，she says she will continue with her work because she likes the feeling of having made a _55_ in the world.55A.profit BdifferenceCdecision Drule【錯混透析】 B文章的主題是在頌揚馬勒夫婦的善舉，他們對無家可歸者提供無私幫助，并且不計回報，所以應選B項表示他們的行為改變了世界，也使他們的生活變得更有意義?！窘忸}指導】做這類題時，考生易忽視文章大意。應該在把握文章大意的基礎上，對文章進行總體了解，避免做了后面的題目后才發(fā)現和前面的內容沖突或矛盾。2情感態(tài)度易錯點(2012山東高考) Rita _45_ there was somebody at home to answer the phone and their home was always _46_ to anyone who couldn't face another night on the street.45A.made sense Bfound outCmade sure Dworked out 【錯混透析】C為了能給無家可歸者隨時提供幫助，馬勒夫婦把電話號碼給他們，當然需要電話能隨時接通，所以應選C項表示“確?！薄?6A.open BcrowdedCnoisy Dnear【錯混透析】A為了體現馬勒夫婦的真誠，他們家總是為那些無家可歸者敞開著。故本題選A項。【解題指導】做這類題時，考生往往忽略作者的情感態(tài)度，錯誤地理解文章意思。要善于透過文章的表層含義，剖析作者的內心世界，帶著作者真實的情感態(tài)度去做題。3上下文關系易錯點(2012山東高考) The public also give clothes and money and a shoe producer _51_ new shoes.51A.donates BproducesCdesigns Dcollects 【錯混透析】A上文講述了30多家公司定期地為慈善事業(yè)捐贈食物和其他物品，所以此處也應選表示“捐贈”之意的A項。【解題指導】做這類題時，考生往往只拘泥于個別詞句的意思，忽視整篇文章的語境和上下文的聯系，從而造成失誤。在選擇答案時不要只注意選項所在的短語、句子或段落，要善于從上下文中尋找相關的提示信息。4邏輯關系易錯點(2012山東高考) Whenever we hear about “the homeless，” most of us think of the Developing World.But the _36_ is that homelessness is everywhere.36A.result BtruthCreason Didea【錯混透析】B文章第一句講到了大多數人的想法，“But”轉折后肯定要表達不同的觀點，所以選B項，說明事實情況并非大多數人想象的那樣?！窘忸}指導】做這類題時，要合理理解文章的內容，正確地把握邏輯關系。邏輯關系主要涉及原因、時間、條件、轉折等方面。只要我們弄明白文中關鍵詞以及邏輯關系，就能確定比較明確的、直接的答案。5基本常識易錯點(2012山東高考) They first began one long hot summer when most Germans were _40_ on holiday.40A.asleep BaloneCacross Daway【錯混透析】D“度假”當然要“外出”，這是常理，所以選D項。(2012山東高考) Today，over thirty companies regularly donate food and other goods to the cause and volunteers help to _50_ them to the homeless.50A.advertise BsellCdeliver Dlend 【錯混透析】C既然是幫助無家可歸者，那么志愿者對這些物品“做廣告”、“出售”或“借出去”顯然不合常理，所以應選deliver，表示“運送，送給”?！窘忸}指導】做這類題時，我們應該在了解短文主要意思的基礎上結合基本常識進行解題。平時學習中，應當注意知識的積累，加強不同學科間的知識融合。多閱讀，多體會，注意中西文化的差異，掌握一名合格的中學生應具備的基本常識。1You have waited 45 minutes for the valuable 10 minutes' break between classes.But when the bell for the next class rings，you can't _1_ how quickly time has passed.If you are familiar with this _2_，you'll know how time flies when you are having funand _3_ when you are bored.Now scientists have _4_ a reason why this is the case.Scans have shown that patterns of activity in the brain _5_ according to how we focus on a task.When we are _6_，we concentrate more on how time is passing.And this makes our brains _7_ the clock is ticking more slowly.In an experiment _8_ by a French laboratory,12 volunteers watched an image _9_ researchers monitored their brain activity.The volunteers were told to _10_ concentrate on how long an image appeared for，then _11_ the color of the image，and thirdly，study both duration and color.The results showed that _12_ was more active when the volunteers paid _13_ subjects.It is thought that if the brain is _14_ focusing on many aspects of a task，it has to _15_ its resources，and pays less attention to the clock._16_，time passes without us really _17_ it，and seems to go quickly.If the brain is not so active，it concentrates its _18_ energies on monitoring the passing of time._19_，time seems to drag.Next time you feel bored _20_，perhaps you should pay more attention to what the teacher is saying!1A.guessBlearnCbelieve Ddoubt2A.view BpointCscene Dexperience3A.drags BstopsCbacks Dgains4A.thought over Bmade upCsuggested Dcome up with5A.change BdevelopCgrow Dslow6A.sleepy BboredCexcited Dactive7A.report BthinkCdecide Dsee8A.produced BcarriedCtried Dperformed9A.so BwhenCwhile Dbut10A.partly BquicklyCcompletely Dfirst11A.remember Bfocus onCforget Dtell apart12A.the researchers Bthe experimentCthe clock Dthe brain13A.much attention to Bmore attention toCattention to many Dattention to more14A.busy BlikelyCready Dsure15A.focus BgatherCreach Dspread16A.However BFurthermoreCTherefore DFinally17A.recognizing BwatchingCnoticing Dcounting18A.enough BfullCright Dproper19A.In fact BAs a resultCFor example DInstead20A.in class Bwith workCin mind Dof clock2Many children may be fond of animals，but few ever think of making the study of animals their career.Even fewer will be _1_ by the whole world，_2_ the title of United Nations Messenger(使者)of Peace._3_ one woman has achieved all that.She has lived with chimpanzees(黑猩猩)in the African forest for more than 20 years and made great _4_.This woman is Jane Goodall.She was born in London，England，in 1934.Goodall's lifelong _5_ in animals began at an early age.By the age of 10 or 11，Goodall _6_ going to Africa to live with animals.This was quite a strange dream in those days，as young _7_ didn't think of having such “wild” actions.But she was _8_ by her mother.She told her that if she really wanted something，she should work hard，take advantage of _9_ and never give up looking for a way.When a close friend invited Goodall to Kenya in 1957，she readily _10_.Within a few months of her arrival she met the famous anthropologist(人類學家)Dr.Louis Leakey，who soon decided that Goodall was the _11_ person he was looking for to begin a _12_ of wild chimpanzees on the shore of Lake Tanganyika in Tanzania.In July 1960，Goodall arrived at Combe National Park in Tanzania.At the beginning，studying the chimpanzees was not _13_ for her.The animals fled from her _14_，so it took months for her to get close to them.With a strong _15_，she searched the forest every day，trying not to get too close to the chimpanzees too _16_.Gradually the chimpanzees became used to her presence.She discovered many things of chimpanzees during her first years at Combe National Park.In October 1960，she observed a chimpanzee making and using _17_ to fish for termites(白蟻)This discovery threw _18_ on the popular idea at the time that Man was the world's only toolmaker.The longer Goodall's research continues，the more it becomes obvious that chimpanzees are very _19_ to humans.Since the mid1980s Goodall has been lecturing around the world to raise people's sense about environmental _20_.“Let's live in the new age with hope，respect for all living things，understanding and love，” she said.1A.recognized BknownCpraised Dadmitted 2A.receiving BgivingCenjoying Dhaving 3A.So BActuallyCBut DFinally 4A.discoveries BdecisionsCchoices Dfindings 5A.study BinterestCsense Ddream 6A.was fond of Bwas tired ofCinsisted on Ddreamed of7A.boys BgirlsCmen Dwomen 8A.encouraged BpreventedCadvised Dforced9A.knowledge ByouthChope Dchances 10A.accepted BrefusedChesitated Dconsidered 11A.only BlastCspecial Dfirst 12A.project BstudyCcenter Dcareer 13A.hard BinterestingCeasy Dconvenient 14A.in surprise Bin a hurryCas expected Din fear15A.will BbodyCdesire Dmind 16A.far BnearCsoon Dmuch 17A.nets BtoolsCholes Dsticks 18A.doubt BlightCquestions Dbeliefs 19A.close BsimilarCfriendly Dhelpful20A.improvement BprotectionCpollution Ddestruction 3I am my mother's third child.When I was born，her doctor gently explained to my mother that my left arm was _1_，below the elbow(肘部)Then he gave her some _2_：“Don't treat her any _3_ from the other girls.Demand more.” And she _4_！My mother had to work to _5_ our family.There were five girls in our family and we all had to _6_.Once when I was about seven，I came out of the _7_，“Mom，I can't peel(削皮)potatoes.I only have one hand.”“You get back to peel those potatoes，and don't ever use that as a(n)_8_ for anything again！”O(jiān)f course I could peel potatoeswith my good hand，while holding them down with my _9_ arm.There was always a _10_，and Mom knew it，“If you try hard _11_，” she'd say，“you can do anything.”O(jiān)nce in the second grade，our teacher had each of us race across the monkey bars(高低杠)When it was my turn，I _12_ my head.Some kids _13_.I went home crying.The next afternoon，after work，Mom _14_ me back to the school ground.“Now，_15_ up with your right arm，” she advised.She stood by _16_ I practiced，and she _17_ me when I made progress.I'll never forget the _18_ time I was crossing the bars.The kids were standing there with their mouths open.It was the way with everything.When I _19_ I can't handle(處理)things，I see Mom's smile again.She had the heart to _20_ anything.And she taught me I could，too.1A.missing BbrokenCdiseased Dshort 2A.warning BmedicineChelp Dadvice 3A.badly BdifferentlyCwell Dnormally 4A.did BrefusedCcried Dwas 5A.care BhelpCsupport Dfeed 6A.pay attention Bwork outCcarry out Dhelp out 7A.kitchen BbedroomChouse Dschool 8A.idea BchangeCexcuse Dexplanation 9A.lost BotherCnext Dlonger 10A.chance BwayCtime Dsuccess 11A.enough BtooCagain Doften 12A.hurt BnoddedCshook Dturned 13A.cheered BwhisperedCjoked Dlaughed 14A.drove BtookCsent Dcarried 15A.pull BjumpCstand Drise 16A.before BasCafter Duntil 17A.helped BraisedCpraised Dprotected 18A.first BlastCwonderful Dnext 19A.admit BfearCfind Drealize 20A.face BteachClearn Dsolve4Like most people，I was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting.It was not until in my late thirties that I made this important _1_：givingaway makes life so much more exciting.You need not worry if you _2_ money.This is how I _3_ with givingaway.If an idea for improving the window display of a neighborhood store _4_ to me，I stepped in and made the suggestion to the _5_.If an accident took place，the _6_ of which I think the local police could use，I _7_ him up and told him about it，though I was not in _8_ here.One discovery I made about this world is to give _9_ getting something back，though the _10_ often comes in an unexpected form.One Sunday morning the local post office delivered an important _11_ letter to my home，though it was _12_ to me at my office.I wrote the postmaster a note of _13_.More than a year later I needed a postoffice box for a new business I was _14_.I was told at the window that there were _15_ boxes left，and that my name would have to go on a long _16_ list.As I was about to _17_，the postmaster appeared in the _18_.“Wasn't it you that wrote us that letter a year ago about delivering a special delivery to your home？” I said it was.“Well，you certainly are going to have a box in this post office _19_ we make one for you.You don't know what a letter like that means to us.We usually get _20_ but complaints (投訴)”1A.decision BresearchCspeech Ddiscovery2A.earn BlackCspend Dsteal3A.experienced BconnectedCcombined Dagreed4A.happened BflashedCstuck Dled5A.postmaster BheadmasterCstorekeeper Dpoliceman6A.story BdamageCchallenge Dmaterial7A.called BheldCbroke Dpicked8A.need Btroubl