2013年高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語陜西版專題升級訓(xùn)練十七史地、自然、科普、新聞類閱讀理解、信息匹配（二）第一節(jié)閱讀理解AAs the forceful king of Macedonia（馬其頓），Alexander the Great overthrew the Persian Empire，becoming a hero that would survive centuries after his death.Born in 356 B.C.，Alexander was the son of Philip and Olympias.Alexander's parents wanted him to receive the finest education，and arranged for him to study under Aristotle，regarded as one of the greatest scholars.Alexander's father was a strong leader.Philip built an impressive army and established the Macedonian kingdom；he was even planning to attack Persia shortly before his death.In 336 B.C.，Philip was murdered by one of his guards.Although it was obvious that the guard had a personal hatred，there were clues that other people were related to it.After Alexander was cleared as a suspect，he succeeded his father without opposition，and killed those said to be responsible for his father's murder，as well as all rivals.He was then just 20 years old.He then prepared to attack Persia.In the spring of 334 B.C.，Alexander led the army made up of nearly 50,000 soldiers into Asia，which was called “the most powerful military expedition（遠(yuǎn)征）ever to leave Greece”He soundly defeated the Persian army at the Granicus River，sending a strong message to Darius ，leader of the Persian Empire.In 333 B.C.，Alexander faced Darius again at Issus，a mountain pass.The Macedonian army was greatly outnumbered but able to work the narrow mountain passageway to their advantage.Darius managed to escape.Continuing down the Mediterranean Coast，Alexander took every city in his path.In 332 B.C.，Alexander declared Egypt to be part of the Greek Empire and was crowned Pharaoh（法老）When Alexander left Egypt in 331 B.C.，he defeated the Persians again and was crowned leader of Asia.In 323 B.C.，however，Alexander developed a fever on the way back home and died 10 days later at Babylon.He was just 33 years old.1What can we know about Philip 's death?AHe was killed by someone intending to take power from him.BAlexander sent someone who hated Philip to kill him.CHis death was related to his plan of fighting Persia.DThe murder might be organized by a group of people.2The Macedonian army could defeat the Persians at Issus mainly because _.ADarius didn't command his army in the battlefieldBthe Macedonian soldiers were more than the Persian soldiers in numberCthe Macedonian soldiers could fight better at the mountain passDMacedonia was more powerful than the Persian Empire3In which order did Alexander do the following things?aTotally overthrew the Persian Empire.bDefeated the Persian army at Issus.cWas crowned Pharaoh of Egypt.dDefeated the Persian army at the Granicus River.eBecame the leader of Macedonia.Ae，d，b，c，aBd，e，a，c，bCe，b，d，c，a Dd，a，c，e，b4According to the passage，we can infer _.AAristotle taught Alexander how to defeat other nationsBAlexander was happy about his father's deathCPersia is tougher to defeat than EgyptDMacedonia soon declined after Alexander diedBThe brown widow spider became established in Southern California in early 2000 and has become part of the local spider family in urban Los Angeles and San Diego.The brown widow spider is continuing its expansion in Southern California and could possibly move northward into Central California.The brown widow is suspected to have evolved in Africa although it was first described from South America，which adds confusion as to where it might have originated.It is a tropical and subtropical spider having established populations in Hawaii，F(xiàn)lorida，parts of Australia，South Africa and Japan.In North America，the brown widow spider was restricted for many decades to the Florida Peninsula.However，around the year 2000，it started showing up in other Gulf Coast states.Brown widows are now known from Texas to Georgia and South Carolina.The brown widow builds its web in protected sites around homes and in woody vegetation with branches.Some typical sites selected by brown widows for web building are empty containers such as buckets and nursery pots，mail boxes，entry way corners，under eaves，storage closets and garages，undercarriages of motor vehicles that are stationary for long periods，and the undersides of outdoor furniture.They choose places that are more exposed than sites chosen by black widows and therefore，appear to be at higher risk for interactions with humans as far as bites are concerned.One recent study demonstrates that the brown widow spider is less poisonous than other widow species.The reason for the weaker effect of brown widow bites on humans is possibly because the brown widow does not have much poison as its larger relatives，but it is really a threat to humans as to its poison.The two major symptoms of a brown widow bite are that the bite hurts when it is given and it leaves a red mark.These two symptoms are not much different from the bite of normal household spiders.There is no specific information regarding the control of brown widows by farm chemicals.Most current advice is what is used for controlling spiders in general.Therefore，most commercially available farm chemicals should work on brown widows.Avoiding a mess of the house and the garage should reduce nest sites for them.Also，one should store garage items in plastic bags where there might be interactions with spiders.These items include rarely worn garments such as gardening clothes and gloves，recreational items like sports equipment（i.e.，baseball gloves）and other items where spiders can crawl up into holes where fingers can be inserted.5The author wrote this article to _.Aannounce the result of a research on spidersBintroduce the ways to get rid of the spidersCreport a new finding of the widow speciesDwarn readers against the brown widow6From the passage we can conclude that _.Abrown widows are possibly spreading northwardBbrown widows originated from AfricaCbrown widows now can be found in all countriesDthere used to be no brown widows in North America7The third paragraph is mainly about _.Athe brown widow's web buildingBthe characteristics of the brown widowCthe habitat preferences of the brown widowDthe brown widow's threat to human beings8It can be inferred that _.Abrown widows can be killed with any farm chemicalsBat present people can only control brown widow spidersCthe brown widow has more poison than the black widowDvictims bitten by the brown widow needn't see the doctorCYou've heard of the dangers of second­hand smoke.Now here's another worry：second­hand TV.A growing number of researchers are warning about the dangers of watching TV when very young children are nearby.Recent findings suggest that even casual exposure to TV can harm their development and ruin parent­child interactions（溝通）The most recent warning came last week when the American Academy of Pediatrics（兒科）for the first time included warnings about “second­hand television” in its guidelines for kids under age 2.In addition to the time for young kids to watch TV，it warned against watching TV with them nearby，saying the practice hurt their language development.It pointed to several studies，including one that found background TV reduced the length of time children played and caused their focus on play to wander.Recent surveys find that about one of three families leave the TV on most of the time.The warning said TV keeps young kids and their parents from interactinga key way children develop the working vocabulary they'll need in school.“If you're trying to connect with your kids，you've got to turn the screens off，”says Ari Brown，a pediatrician and lead author on the recommendations.She worries that when the focus is on TV，there's less talk time.Brown discourages families from keeping the TV on when no one is watching and suggests they wait until very young kids are in bed before they watch their favorite show.“Parents are distracted（分散注意力）by TV the same way preschoolers are，”says Lisa Guernsey，author of the 2007 book Into the Minds of Babies：How Screen Time Affects Children From Birth to Age Five.She says young children learn much more from face­to­face interaction than a screen.“They see someone who's able to do that as a true learning partner，”she says.“They don't have any way of knowing whether that character or face on screen really understands them.”9Which of the following is the bad effect of second­hand TV watching?AIt caused children not to play attentively.BIt hurt children's feelings to their parents.CIt made children suffer from the violence on TV.DIt taught children some improper language.10What can be inferred from the third paragraph?AParents should limit the TV time for children.BParents should spend time playing with children.CParents should buy another TV for their children.DParents should strengthen their children's language development.11What is suggested in the fourth paragraph?AWhen everybody in the family focuses on TV，there is more talk time.BInteracting plays an important part in developing kids' vocabulary.CThe characters on TV screen can really understand young children.DAdults learn much more from face­to­face interaction than a screen.DBy creating a distinctive username and reusing it on multiple websites，you may be giving online marketers and scammers a simple way to track you.Four researchers from the French National Institute for Research in Computer Science（INRIA）studied over 10 million usernamescollected from public Google profiles，eBay accounts and several other sources.They found that about half of the usernames used on one site could be linked to another online profile，potentially allowing marketers and scammers to build a more complex picture of the users.“These results show that some users can be profiled just from their usernames，”says Claude Castelluccia，research director of the security and privacy research group at INRIA，and one of the authors of a paper on the work.“More specifically，a profiler could use usernames to identify all the profiles that belong to the same user and then use all the information contained in these sites to profile the victim.”Those who have more unique usernames are more likely to be attacked.The INRIA researchers have created a tool that can check how unique a username is，and thus how easily an attacker could use it to build a profile of a person.Researches are exploring ways that the traces of data that people leave on different websites could be combined and used to track them.A 2010 paper showed that the online groups to which people belonged could be used to infer their real identity in 42 percent of cases.Building profiles of consumers using online information has already become a major industry for marketers as well as online criminals.12What would be the best title for the passage?ALook out for online criminalsBYour username may betray youCDon't leave your traces onlineDA unique username is more attractive13Online marketers may use your username to _.Aget a picture of yoursBsteal from your online accountCget useful information about youDfind out your interest or hobbies14The main purpose of the passage is probably to _.Awarn us of the possible dangers of a unique usernameBtell us how to manage our online informationCadvise us on how to choose a proper usernameDtell us the importance of a username15We can infer from the passage that _.Ait's hard to build a profile of a person from an online usernameBit's better to use a more complex username onlineCan online username has little to do with the real personDwe'd better not use the same username on different sites第二節(jié)信息匹配ATrust is vital in relationshipsBShow great respect for othersCShare feelings to understand each other betterDTry to always have new relationshipEGood teen relationships help to solve problemsFCommunicate to avoid future problems16In the event that you are currently in a teen relationship，harmonious teen relationships can prevent you from experiencing problems within our relationship，and it may also help you to move past any problems that you may already have.Check out the complete article to learn what teen relationships may do for you.17During the time that you are in your teens，it can be a tremendously exciting and passionate time for individuals，and at anytime that you are in a relationship during your teens，it is very important that you show the maximum level of respect，both for your partner and yourself.The interactions and actions within relationships at this particular age may leave lasting impressions on all of your relationship for many years to come，so why don't you make all of them good impressions?18Within these early relationships，when mistrust is present，it may easily lead to really severe issues with trust in relationships once you get a little older.It is very important for you to prove to your significant ones（重要的人）that you are trustworthy of them.19Whether you like it or not，there are some teenagers that simply don't take their relationships seriously.In the end，this may lead to several problems，of which cheating is the most common problem.When you have someone cheat on you，it is among the most painful things that may happen within your life，and it is particularly hard to get over it if it happens at a young age.In order to prevent this，when you are with someone，you should take a moment to talk about each other's expectations.20Each of the relationships that you go through during your teens may be among the most intense that you will ever encounter within your whole life.It may also feel like when something happens it is going to feel like the world is coming to an end，but it really isn't going to be.Chances are that you are going to move on from the situations that happen and meet many new individuals and have some new relationships，and they are going to be just as exciting and new as the relationship that you have been experiencing currently.參考答案 第一節(jié)閱讀理解A1. 答案：D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第二句中的內(nèi)容可推斷這次謀殺可能是一群人策劃好的行動。2.答案：C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段第二句中的內(nèi)容可知他們能取勝的主要原因是更善于在狹窄的山路上作戰(zhàn)。3. 答案：A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本文是按照時間的先后順序進(jìn)行敘述的，第五段第一句提到了e項，第六段第二句提到了d項，第七段提到了b項，第八段提到了c項，第九段提到了a項，故正確答案為A項。 4. 答案：C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章中敘述的推翻波斯帝國和埃及的過程，可推測擊敗波斯比擊敗埃及困難。B5. 答案：D解析：作者意圖題。文章從這種蜘蛛的淵源談起，預(yù)測了它的蔓延范圍，進(jìn)而介紹了它的生活習(xí)性、危害以及控制方法，所以作者意在警告讀者當(dāng)心這種蜘蛛。 6. 答案：A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句話可知它們可能會朝北方蔓延。 7. 答案：C解析：主旨大意題。本段指出了這種蜘蛛經(jīng)常選擇的織網(wǎng)的地方，即主要介紹這種蜘蛛的棲息偏好。8. 答案：B解析：推理判斷題。最后一段提到還沒有掌握控制這種蜘蛛應(yīng)當(dāng)使用的化學(xué)藥品的具體信息，目前的建議是采用控制蜘蛛的一般方法，并提供了一些預(yù)防措施，由此可推斷目前人們只能控制它們。C9. 答案：A解析：推理判斷題。從第三段“.hurt their language development.caused their focus on play to wander”和第四段的“.TV keeps young kids and their parents from interacting.”可以推出。10. 答案：A解析：推理判斷題。從第三段的“In addition to the time for young kids to watch TV.their language development”可知。11. 答案：B解析：推理判斷題。從第四段的“.TV keeps young kids and their parents from interactinga key way children develop the working vocabulary they'll need in school.If you're trying to connect with your kids，you've got to turn the screens off.”可知。D12. 答案：B解析：主旨大意題。本文是一篇研究報道，第一段第一句是本文的中心句，根據(jù)本句的內(nèi)容可知B項“你的用戶名可能會背叛你”最貼近文章內(nèi)容。13. 答案：C解析：推理判斷題。第一段最后一句提到市場營銷人員可以根據(jù)搜集的信息對用戶進(jìn)行更為復(fù)雜的輪廓勾勒，再結(jié)合常識可推測網(wǎng)絡(luò)市場營銷人員可能會利用用戶名來獲取用戶的有用信息。 14. 答案：A解析：寫作意圖題。結(jié)合文章第一段的第一句和第三段提到的獨特用戶名存在的潛在危險以及最后一段中的內(nèi)容可知本文旨在警告我們獨特的用戶名帶來的危險。15. 答案：D解析：推理判斷題。倒數(shù)第二段第一句提到用戶訪問不同網(wǎng)站后的使用痕跡能夠被聯(lián)系起來并進(jìn)行跟蹤，由此可推斷最好不要使用相同的用戶名訪問不同的網(wǎng)站。第二節(jié)信息匹配答案與解析：16答案：E解析：根據(jù)本段“harmonious teen relationships can prevent you from experiencing problems within our relationship，and it may also help you to move past any problems.”可知E項正確。17答案：B解析：根據(jù)本段“.it is very important that you show the maximum level of respect，both for your partner and yourself.”對自己的伙伴和自己表現(xiàn)出最大的尊敬是非常重要的。18答案：A解析：根據(jù)“It is very important for you to prove to your significant ones（重要的人）that you are trustworthy of them.”可知A項正確。19答案：F解析：根據(jù)本段最后一句“In order to prevent this，when you are with someone，you should take a moment to talk about each other's expectations.”可知F項正確。20答案：D解析：根據(jù)本段“Chances are that you are going to move on from the situations that happen and meet many new individuals and have some new relationships，and they are going to be just as exciting and new.”可知D項正確。