Unit 3 Sports and fitness 知識點(diǎn)歸納一、詞匯與短語用法come along 跟隨；到達(dá)；進(jìn)步；趕快；出現(xiàn)come up withcome aboutcome acrosscome outcome toWhen it comes to.想出；提出發(fā)生穿過(路、橋)；(偶然)遇見；發(fā)現(xiàn)出來；(書等)出版；發(fā)行蘇醒；總計(jì)；達(dá)到；談到 當(dāng)談到work out 鍛煉；計(jì)算出；解決；理解；(有預(yù)期的)結(jié)果work onwork atwork asat/out of work從事；繼續(xù)從事，致力于充當(dāng)，作為而工作 在工作/失業(yè)make it 獲得成功；準(zhǔn)時到達(dá) manage itmake a differencemake use of能做到對有作用/有影響 利用；使用set an example (for sb)（為.某人）樹立榜樣1follow sb.'s examplebe an example to sb.for example學(xué)某人的樣子成為某人的榜樣 例如honour n榮譽(yù)；尊敬；榮幸honourable adj.光榮的；高尚的(1)in honour ofhave the honour to do/of doing.為了表示對的敬意；為了紀(jì)念 有幸做=be/feel honoured to do/of doing. 為做而感到榮幸It's an honour to do.(2)honour sb.with sth.for.be honoured as.很榮幸做因授予某人某物被尊稱為determine v t.決定；判決determination n決心；決定determined adj.堅(jiān)決的；堅(jiān)定的；果斷的(1)with determination(2)determine to do.determine on/upon(3)be determined to do.堅(jiān)決地；果斷地決定做(表示動作) 決定決心做(表示狀態(tài))fall apart 破裂；破碎；崩潰 fall downfall offfall behindfall over摔倒從掉下來落后，跟不上跌倒，絆倒2fall intofall out養(yǎng)成，染上(頭發(fā)等)脫落；吵架語境助記A banana skin fell off the table.The little girl didn't see it.She stepped on it and fell o ver.What's worse，her bowl broke into pieces.Quickly，her mother ran in and picked her up.If she falls into the habit of depending on parents in everything，the girl w ill fall behind others in time.香蕉皮從桌子上掉下來。小女孩沒有看見。她踩到上面滑倒了。更糟的是，她的碗摔成了碎片。她媽 媽立刻跑進(jìn)來扶起她。如果小女孩養(yǎng)成事事依賴父母的習(xí)慣，她遲早會落后于其他孩子的。injure vt.(使)受傷；損害injured adj.受傷的；有傷的injury n傷害；損傷(1)the injured傷員(2)do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb. 害某人lose heart 喪失信心；泄氣 (1)put one's heart intolearn sth.by heartstrike.into one's heart(2)heart and soulfrom the bottom of sb.'s heart一心撲在上背誦；記牢使刻骨銘心全心全意地從某人的心底strength n力量；體力strong adj.強(qiáng)壯的strengthen vt.加強(qiáng)；鞏固(1)build up one's strength/bodystrengths and weaknessesThe strength of.is that.強(qiáng)身健體優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是fail v失??；不及格failure n失敗；失敗的人(或事物)3(1)end in failure(2)fail to do.fail in doing sth .以失敗告終未能做在(做）失敗易錯點(diǎn)撥(1)failure 表示抽象意義的“失敗”時，不可數(shù)；表示具體意義“失敗的人或事”時，則可數(shù)。 (2)failure 后可接不定式作定語，但不接 of doing.。give up 放棄；投降 give awaygive backgive offgive outgive in分發(fā)；贈送；泄露歸還發(fā)出(光、熱、聲音、氣味等) 分發(fā)；用完；耗盡屈服；投降；讓步；上交compete v i.競爭；對抗competition n競爭competitive adj.競爭的；有競爭性的competitor n競爭者(1)compete incompete forcompete with/against.for參加比賽；在方面競爭 為而競爭為爭取而與對抗/競爭make sense 有道理；合乎情理；表達(dá)清楚(1)make sense ofmake no sense(2)in a sense理解；明白沒意義在某一方面；就某種意義來說4ì ï í î in no sensecommon senseThere is no/little sense in doing sth.決不(用在句首時，句子用部分倒裝) 常識做某事沒道理pretend vi.&vt.假裝；裝扮to ben./adj. 假裝是to do sth. 假裝做某事pretend to be doing sth. 假裝正在做某事ïtohave done sth. 假裝已經(jīng)做了某事(that). 假裝拓展和 pretend 有類似用法(后接 to do/to be doing/to have done)的動詞還有 happen，appear，seem，claim 等 及 be said to 結(jié)構(gòu)。diet n規(guī)定飲食；日常飲食 vi.節(jié)食a balanced dietbe on a dietgo on a diet平衡膳食節(jié)食節(jié)食make a difference 有作用或影響；有差別，造成影響，起作用make some difference tomake no/little differencetell the difference between.and.對有些關(guān)系沒影響，不重要辨別出rather than 而不是 (1)rather than而不是5ü þrather sb.than sb.(2)or rather不想做別人要去做的事更確切地說；更準(zhǔn)確地講(3)would rather do sth.than do sth. 寧愿而不愿ïwould do sth.rather than do sth. ý；與其ïprefer to do sth.rather than do sth. 倒不如(4)would ratherìï用過去時，表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼奶摂Mí從句 ïî用過去完成時，表示對過去的虛擬cut out 停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下cut incut acrosscut downcut offcut up插嘴，打斷講話抄近路穿過；橫越 砍倒；縮減切斷；割掉；截斷(退路等) 切碎；傷心now and then 有時，偶爾 now and thensometimesat timesoccasionallyonce in a while有時；偶爾有時有時；偶爾偶爾偶爾，有時compare.with/to 與比較positive adj.積極的；正面的；樂觀的；肯定的(1)on the positive side從好的方面看6be positive about sth.be positive that.對某事有信心/樂觀對有把握；信心stress n壓力；緊張；重音 vt.強(qiáng)調(diào)；重讀；使焦慮不安 vi.焦慮不安stressful adj.緊張的；有壓力的(1)under stressput sb.under great stresslay/place/put stress on sth.(2)stress the importance of在壓力之下使某人感到沉重的壓力 強(qiáng)調(diào)某事物強(qiáng)調(diào)的重要性二、句型It's up to sb.to do sth.做某事由某人來決定。up tobe up to (doing)sth.up to now多達(dá)正在(做)；從事于；勝任做 到目前為止when 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“當(dāng)時候”。when，while 和 as 都可引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句其具體含義和用法如下：(1)when“當(dāng)時候”，可與延續(xù)性動詞或短暫性動詞連用；從句動作可以發(fā)生在主句動作之前、 之后或與主句動作同時發(fā)生(2)while “當(dāng)時候”，一般只可與延續(xù)性動詞連用，從句動作與主句動作同時發(fā)生(3)as “一邊一邊”常與延續(xù)性動詞連用，從句動作與主句動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生When you apply for a job，you must present your credentials.當(dāng)你申請工作時，你必須遞交你的有關(guān)證書。7Mary made coffee while her guests were finishing their meal.客人們就要吃完的時候，瑪麗去煮咖啡了。As he grew older，he became less active.隨著他逐漸長大 ，他變得不那么活潑了。名師點(diǎn)津如果主句表示的是短暫性動作，而從句用延續(xù)性動詞的進(jìn)行時表示在一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作時， when，while 與 as 可互換使用。When/While/As I was walking down the street，I came across an old friend.我正沿著大街走時，碰巧遇到了我的一個老朋友。even if/though 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，語氣較強(qiáng)，此外，if，though，although 也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句； 意為“雖然，盡管”。If life there was full of hardships，it was also full of joy and excitement.雖然那兒的生活非常艱苦，但是也非常愉快和令人興奮的。(這里的 if 相當(dāng)于 even if)Air exists everywhere although we can't see it.盡管我們看不見空氣，但它卻無處不在。Even though/if I understand what you say，I can't agree with you.雖然我理解你說的話，但我不同意你的意見。once 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“一旦就”once 在本句中引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“一旦就”。如果once 引導(dǎo)的從句的主語與主句的主 語一致，且從句中的謂語動詞含有 be 動詞的某種形式時，或從句為“it be.”形式時，從句中的“主 語be”或“it be”可以省略。Once trust is lost，what is left?一旦失去了信任，還剩下什么呢？8Once the song is heard，it will never be forgotten. 一旦被聽過，這首歌很難被忘記。Once seen，the picture is difficult to forget. 一旦看見，這幅畫很難被忘記。9