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111 名師導(dǎo)航 四點剖析 單詞·典句·考點 巧記提示　motivate (v. 激發(fā))+(去掉e)-ion（名詞后綴）→motivation 經(jīng)典例句　The stronger the motivation, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language. 一個人學(xué)外語的內(nèi)在動力越高, 那么他就學(xué)得越快。 考點聚焦　1)motivate v. 給予動機, 刺激, 提高……的學(xué)習(xí)欲望，如： Examinations do not motivate a student to seek more knowledge. 考試不能激發(fā)學(xué)生去獲取更多的知識。 2)常用詞組: achievement motivation 成就動機 learning motivation 學(xué)習(xí)動機 motivation of learning 學(xué)習(xí)動機 a powerful motivation 一種強烈的動機 巧記提示　de-(加強意義)+serve(v. 供職)→deserve 經(jīng)典例句　They deserved to be sent to prison. 他們應(yīng)該入獄。 You’ve been working all morning—you deserve a rest. 你已干了一個上午，該休息一下了。 考點聚焦　1)deserved adj. 應(yīng)得的; 恰如其分的; 理所當然的(作定語或表語)； deserving adj. 與of 搭配表示 “應(yīng)得到, 值得的”。 2)習(xí)慣用語 deserve well/ill of 值得受到……的禮遇（冷落） rightly deserve...完全應(yīng)得(懲罰) 活學(xué)巧用　1. 用deserve 的正確形式填空: 1)One good turn __________ another. 2)Li Lin felt that the praise for his progress was __________. 3)The money saved could be used for more __________ causes. 答案：1）deserves　2）deserved　3）deserving 巧記提示　ab-(去掉)+sorb(v. 吸，吸掉)→absorb 經(jīng)典例句　Salt absorbs moisture from the air. 鹽吸收空氣中的水分。 考點聚焦　1)absorb 作動詞時, 意義比較多, 用法如下: 吸收；如： Plants can absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. 植物可以吸收二氧化碳釋放氧氣。 占有；如： This job absorbs all of my time. 這份工作占有了我全部的時間。 使專心；使全神貫注；如： The writer was absorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar. 作家全神貫注地進行寫作, 忘了彈去雪茄煙的煙灰。 支付；負擔(dān)；如： We will not absorb these charges. 我們不能承擔(dān)這些費用。 理解; 吸取（知識）；如： To follow and absorb an article is a little bit hard as it requires a high level of mental involvement. 讀懂一篇文章比較吃力, 因為需要高度的腦力活動。 2)常用詞組: be absorbed by 被……吞并, 為……所吸收　be absorbed in 全神貫注在……, 一心從事, 熱衷于　absorb sb. ’s attention 吸引某人注意 3)詞語辨析:absorb, assimilate 在比喻用法中都含“吸收”“吞并”的意思 absorb 指“使被吸收者已失去其特點, 或使其特點不復(fù)存在”, 如: Large nations shouldn’t absorb smaller ones. 大國不應(yīng)當吞并小國。 assimilate 除含 absorb 意思外, 還指“將被吸收者變成了吸收者的一部分”, 如: We should critically assimilate whatever is beneficial in literature and arts from other countries. 我們應(yīng)當批判地吸收別國文學(xué)藝術(shù)中一切有益的東西。 經(jīng)典例句　The meeting came to an abrupt end. 會議突然結(jié)束了。 Buyers have withdrawn from the market in view of the abrupt turn of the trend of prices. 由于價格趨勢的突然轉(zhuǎn)變，買主們已退出市場。 考點聚焦　1)abrupt還有 “粗魯無禮的；唐突的” 的意思。如: That young man has an abrupt manner. 那個年輕人態(tài)度很無禮。 2)詞語辨析:sudden, abrupt 意思都是“突然的”。 sudden指“事先未料到、無準備而迅速發(fā)生的”, 強調(diào)“先未警告的”, 如: a sudden outburst of temper 突然大發(fā)雷霆 abrupt指“突然的”“出其不意的”“事先未告知的”, 如: He took an abrupt departure. 他突然離去。 活學(xué)巧用　2. 翻譯下列詞組或句子： 1)一條有很多急轉(zhuǎn)彎的路 __________ 2)驟然的變化 __________ 3)他舉止粗魯。 ______________________________________________________________________ 答案：1）a road with many abrupt turns　2）an abrupt change　3）He has an abrupt manner. 經(jīng)典例句　Economic policies have accelerated the decline of manufacturing industry. 經(jīng)濟政策加快了制造業(yè)的衰落。 The leader is losing ground as the rest of the runners accelerate. 領(lǐng)先者在其余賽跑者加速時就逐漸失去了優(yōu)勢。 巧記提示　ap- (to)+point (v. 指)→appoint 經(jīng)典例句　He was appointed mayor of the city. 他被任命為市長。 Who shall we appoint (as) chairman? 我們選派誰擔(dān)任主席呢? We must appoint a new teacher at once to that mountain school. 我們必須立即委派一名新教師到那山村小學(xué)去。 考點聚焦　1)（常與for連用）指定；約定；如： to appoint a time for the meeting 指定開會時間 2)appointment n. 約會, 預(yù)約; 任命, 選派; 職位, 職務(wù)；如： I have an appointment with my dentist this afternoon. 我已約好今天下午去看牙醫(yī)。 I’m looking for a permanent appointment. 我正在尋找一份固定的工作。 3)習(xí)慣用語 break one’s appointment 違約, 失約　by appointment 按照約定, 照章　have an appointment with sb. at 要在某時間和某人約會　hold an appointment 擔(dān)任某職　keep one’s appointment 守約　make an appointment with sb. 與某人約會　fix an appointment with sb. 與某人約會　take up an appointment 就職, 上任 活學(xué)巧用　3. 單項填空 Would it be possible to make an early __________ to have my hair cut tomorrow? A. appointment B. arrangement C. employment D. engagement 答案：A 經(jīng)典例句　Further information can be obtained from our head office. 詳細的資料可從我們的總部得到。 He obtained a knowledge of Latin. 他學(xué)會了拉丁文。 活學(xué)巧用　4. 翻譯句子 1)從哪里我可以買到這本字典? ______________________________________________________________________ 2)我們希望得到第一手信息。 ______________________________________________________________________ 答案：1）Where can I obtain the dictionary? 2）We wished to obtain first hand information. 經(jīng)典例句　A robbery was committed last night. 昨晚發(fā)生了一起盜竊案。 If you commit a crime you can never escape being punished. 你要是犯罪, 就逃脫不了懲罰。 考點聚焦　1)commit還可以表示 “委托（to）; 對……作出保證，承諾； 把……提交給”。如: The girl was committed to the care of an aunt. 這女孩被交給姨媽照顧。 I asked her what she thought, but she refused to commit herself. 我問她是怎么想的，但她拒不表態(tài)。 He would not commit himself in any way. 他不愿做任何承諾。 2)常用詞組: commit oneself on 對……表態(tài) commit oneself to 委身于， 專心致志于 commit an error 做錯事 commit a crime 犯罪 commit suicide 自殺 3)詞語辨析:commit, discharge, do都含有“進行某種活動”的意思。 commit指“犯錯誤或犯下某種罪行”， 或指“干某種壞事、傻事”，如： He was arrested for committing several crimes. 他因犯有多種罪行而被捕了。 discharge指“忠實能干地執(zhí)行任務(wù)”， 也指“履行職責(zé)或諾言”，如： The nurse discharged her duties. 那位護士履行了自己的職責(zé)。 do指“從事任何一種具體的或抽象的工作”， 如： He did the job brilliantly. 他出色地完成了這份工作。 經(jīng)典例句　The dog howled over its master’s body. 狗對著主人的尸體哀嚎。 One must howl with the wolves. [諺]跟狼在一起，就得學(xué)狼叫；入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。 The dog howled when it was shut in the house. 狗被關(guān)在屋子里時，它就叫起來。 Wind howled round the house. 風(fēng)在房子周圍呼嘯。 考點聚焦　1）n. 號叫；呼號；如： a howl of pain 痛苦的號叫 2）常用詞語： howl with laughter 狂笑；如： They howled with laughter. 他們狂笑起來。 howl down以吼叫聲淹沒；如： The brave soldiers howled down defiance at the enemy. 勇敢的戰(zhàn)士吼叫著向敵人撲去。 巧記提示　blood (n. 血液）→bleed 經(jīng)典例句　All the young soldiers are ready to bleed for the country. 所有的年輕戰(zhàn)士都愿意為祖國灑熱血。 The cut on my arm bleed for a long time. 我胳膊上的傷口流了好長時間的血。 My heart bleeds for the starving children. (喻)我心里為這些挨餓的孩子感到悲痛。 考點聚焦　1）bleed為不規(guī)則動詞，其動詞過去式:bled；過去分詞:bled；現(xiàn)在分詞:bleeding。 2）常用詞組： make sb. bleed使某人忍痛出錢, 敲詐吝嗇者的錢 bleed sb. dry/white花光或用盡(某人、某國的)金錢; 使(某人)流盡鮮血; 榨盡(某人的)血汗 活學(xué)巧用　5. 用bleed的適當形式填空 1)He ran out of the room, with his nose __________. 2)I was badly hurt yesterday. The cut on my arm __________ for a long time. 答案：1）bleeding　2）bled 巧記提示　apology(n. 道歉）→apologise 經(jīng)典例句　I have come to apologize to you. 我是來向您道歉的。 I must apologize for not being able to meet you. 我因沒能接你而向你道歉。 You must apologize to your sister for being so rude. 你太無理了, 必須向你姐姐道歉。 考點聚焦　1)名詞形式：apology道歉, 認錯, 謝罪；辯解；辯護； 2)apologize常用詞組： apologize to sb. 向某人道歉　apologize to sb. for sth. 為某事向某人道歉　apologize to sb. for doing sth. 為做了某事向某人道歉　apologize for oneself 為某人自己辯解或辯護 活學(xué)巧用　6. 單項填空 I’m not going to __________ for what I said—it was a fair comment. A. excuse B. apologize C. pardon D. forgive 答案：B 經(jīng)典例句　Laugh, and the world laughs with you; Weep, and you weep alone. 【諺】歡笑，整個世界伴你歡笑?？奁?，只有你獨自向隅而泣。 He wept over his sad fate. 他為他的悲慘命運而哭泣。 She wept when she heard the bad news. 當她聽到這個壞消息時哭了。 考點聚焦　1）weep是不規(guī)則動詞，其動詞過去式:wept；過去分詞:wept； 現(xiàn)在分詞:weeping 2）習(xí)慣用語 weep away 哭個不停; 在哭泣中度過 weep oneself/one’s heart out 盡情痛哭; 哭得死去活來 weep out 邊哭邊說; 用哭來發(fā)泄(感情) 111