2014高考英語(yǔ)沖刺閱讀理解專項(xiàng) 50-35ADuring times of trouble, Franklin Delano Roosevelt spoke from a small room without a fireplace in the White House basement to millions of Americans. In his calm and conversational manner, he reassured（使恢復(fù)信心）the nation in the depths of the Great Depression（大蕭條）and through a World War.Saul Bellow described his own experience of listening to President Roosevelt, hold the nation together, using only a radio and the power of his personality.“I can recall walking eastward on the Chicago Midway drivers had pulled over, parking bumper to bumper, and turned on their radios to hear Roosevelt. They had rolled down the windows and opened the car doors. Everywhere the same voice, its odd Eastern accent, which in anyone else would have angered Midwesterners. You could follow without missing a single word as you walked by. You felt joined to these unknown drivers, men and women”The nation needed the assurance of those Fireside Chats, the first of which was delivered on March 12, 1933. Between a quarter and a third of the work force was unemployed. Every bank in America had been closed for at least eight days. Its hard for us to imagine. It was the hardest time of the Great Depression.The “Fireside” was symbolic（象征性的; most of the chats came from a small room in the White House basement. Frances Perkins, Roosevelts Secretary of Labor, described the change that would come over him just before the broadcasts: “His face would smile and light up as though he were actually sitting on the front porch(門廊) or in the parlor with them. People felt this, and came to respect and love him.”In that first radio visit, Roosevelt began by explaining how the banking system worked: “When you put money in a bank, the bank does not place the money into a safedeposit vault（金庫(kù)房. It invests your money in many different forms of creditbonds, mortgages.” He went on to announce that the banks would reopen the next day.1. The main purpose of the article is to .A. give examples of the power of radio broadcastingB. make people examine their attitudes toward moneyC. suggest that Roosevelt was Americas greatest presidentD. show how Roosevelt reassured Americans during hard times答案解析：答案為D。本題為主旨大意題?？v觀全文，本文主要講述美國(guó)總統(tǒng)羅斯福在困難時(shí)期如何恢復(fù)人們的信心。第一段為本文的中心段落，后面的內(nèi)容都是圍繞本段展開。故答案為D。 2. According to the article, the Fireside Chats raised the hopes of Americans because President Roosevelt .A. spoke to them in a friendly and confident toneB. explained to them how to invest their moneyC. was open about his own fears for the countryD. used humor to draw their attention away from their problems答案解析：答案為A。本文為細(xì)節(jié)題。從第一段的第二句話 “In his calm and conversational manner, .”可知，與此意思最接近的就是選項(xiàng)A。3. The name “Fireside Chats” was probably intended to .A. demand listeners to protect resourcesB. encourage spirited discussion among listenersC. request people to desire for hope and reassuranceD. persuade Americans to talk with their families 答案解析：答案為C。本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。從文章第四段首句 “The nation needed the assurance of those Fireside Chats, the first of which was delivered on March 12, 1933.”可知，F(xiàn)ireside Chats主要是幫助人們恢復(fù)希望和信心。故答案為C。4. Saul Bellows description of his own experience of listening to President Roosevelt shows .A. how popular and encouraging Roosevelts Fireside Chats were B. how easily Roosevelts Fireside Chats could be understoodC. what great interest general public took in national affairsD. what a hard life Americans had in Great Depression答案解析：答案為A。本題為細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。從文章第二段 “hold the nation together, .”和倒數(shù)第二段 “His face would smile and light up as though he were actually sitting on the front porch(門廊) or in the parlor with them. People felt this, and came to respect and love him.” 可知，羅斯福的Fireside Chats受到人們的歡迎，并鼓舞著人們。BEnglish has become the world's number one language in the 20th century. In every country where English is not the native language, especially in the Third World, people must strive to learn it to the best of their abilities, if they want to participate fully in the development of their countries. But many people are concerned that English's dominance (優(yōu)勢(shì)地位) will destroy native languages.A close examination reveals （顯示） a great number of languages have fallen casualty to English. For example, it has wiped out Hawaiian, Welsh, Scotch Gaelic, Irish, native American languages, and many others. Luckily, some of these languages are now being revived （復(fù)蘇）, such as Hawaiian and Welsh, and these languages will live again, hopefully, if dedicated people continue their work of reviving them. In the case of Welsh, its revival is so successful that the language is now being used as a medium of insturction in schools and universities in Wales. Many leaders of these Third World countries are obsessed with (被迷住) English and for them English is everything. They seem to believe that if the students speak English, they are already knowledgeable. These leaders speak and write English much better than their national languages. If these leaders deliver speeches anywhere in the world they use English and they feel more at home with it and proud of their ability as well. The citizens of their countries do not understand their leaders' speeches because they are made in a foreign language.All the greatest countries of the world are great because they constantly use their own languages in all national development activities, including education. From a psychological point of view, those who are taught in their own language from the start will develop better selfconfidence and self-reliance. From a linguistic point of view, the best brains can only be produced if students are educated in their own language from the start. Those who are taught in a foreign language from the start will tend to be imitators and lack self-confidence. They will tend to rely on foreign consultants.There is nothing wrong, however, in learning a foreign language at advanced levels of education. But the best thing to do is to have a good education in one's native language first, then go abroad to have a university education in a foreign language.1. The main idea of the first paragraph is probably _.A. to stress the position of EnglishB. to appeal the protection of native languagesC. to show the importance of grasping English for employeesD. to demonstrate ( 闡述) English is the worlds number one language 答案解析：答案為B。本題為主旨題。雖是對(duì)第一段的大意提問，但實(shí)則是對(duì)全文的中心進(jìn)行定位?？忌_定第一段的主題句 （topic sentence）.是第一句話 “English has become the world's number one language in the 20th century.” 還是該段的最后一句話 “But many people are concerned that English's dominance will destroy native languages.”？即作者關(guān)注的問題是英語(yǔ)還是本國(guó)語(yǔ)言？略讀后文可知，由于更多的國(guó)家講英語(yǔ)，很多其他語(yǔ)言已經(jīng)消失， 然而也有一些語(yǔ)言在復(fù)蘇，同時(shí)也談到了母語(yǔ)對(duì)國(guó)家和個(gè)人的作用。因此，本文的重心是關(guān)注本國(guó)語(yǔ)言。故答案為B。2. The revival of Hawaiian and Welsh shows any language will live if it _.A. is against foreign language B. is used as a medium in educationC. is taught in schools D. is done by dedicated people 答案解析：答案為D。本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。從第二段 “.and these languages will live again, hopefully, if dedicated people continue their work of reviving them.” 可知，答案為D。3. The underlined expression in paragraph three probably refers to _ A. they are sure to use English better with their families B. they use English better in their countries than in foreign countries C. their native language is poorer than their English D. they are not afraid that critical audience find their errors 答案解析：答案為B。 本題為句意推斷題。理解該句需要結(jié)合上下文。由劃線部分的前一句話 “These leaders speak and write English much better than their national languages.”可知，這些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)用英語(yǔ)講話和寫作比用本國(guó)語(yǔ)言要好，因此可以推斷，他們用英語(yǔ)發(fā)表演講的時(shí)候，會(huì)感覺運(yùn)用自如. 故答案為B。 本題的混淆選項(xiàng)C選項(xiàng) “他們的本國(guó)語(yǔ)言比英語(yǔ)要差”強(qiáng)調(diào)的是本國(guó)語(yǔ)言，而劃線部分強(qiáng)調(diào)的是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的英語(yǔ)運(yùn)用能力。4. In the opinion of the writer, which statement below is NOT true? A. A native language has great effect on the development of a nation. B. The earlier a person learns a foreign language, the greater his ability will be. C. Learning a foreign language should be arranged in a later time. D. The native language will greatly influence ones life. 答案解析：答案為B。本題為推斷題。從倒數(shù)第二段首句 “All the greatest countries of the world are great because they constantly use their own languages in all national development activities, including education.”可知，所有偉大的國(guó)家之所以偉大是因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)诎l(fā)展國(guó)家的時(shí)候使用了本國(guó)語(yǔ)言，故答案A正確。從倒數(shù)第二段后部分內(nèi)容可知，從心理學(xué)的角度講，一開始就學(xué)習(xí)母語(yǔ)的人會(huì)更自信，更獨(dú)立；從語(yǔ)言學(xué)的角度講，大腦只有在最開始學(xué)母語(yǔ)的情況下才能發(fā)展最好；而一開始就學(xué)外語(yǔ)的人會(huì)變成模仿者并缺乏自信?？梢酝茢?，作者認(rèn)為母語(yǔ)對(duì)人的生活有影響，外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)該安排在后面，而不是越早學(xué)外語(yǔ)，一個(gè)人的能力就越強(qiáng)。故C、D正確，B錯(cuò)誤。