南寧市2014高考英語一輪（暑假） 閱讀理解訓練（12）及答案閱讀理解主旨大意Passage* (典型例題海卷) Transportation and communication networks bring people together. Yet sometimes people themselves create barriers (障礙) to transportation and communication. In some countries, laws stop people from moving freely from place to place. Over the centuries, many groups of people have been denied the freedom to travel because of their race, religion, or nationality. In the Middle Ages, for example, Jews were often forbidden to move about freely within certain cities. South Africa's government used to require black Africans to carry passes when they travel within the country. Some governments require all citizens to carry identification papers and to report to government officials whenever they move. Countries set up customs posts at their borders. Foreign travellers must go through a customs inspection before they are allowed to travel in the country. Usually travellers have to carry special papers such as passports and visas (簽證). Some countries even limit the number of visitors to their country each year. Others allow tourists to visit only certain areas of the country, or they may require that travellers be with an official guide at all times during their stay. Many of those harriers to travel also act as barriers to communication. When two governments disagree with each other on important matters, they usually do not want their citizens to exchange news or ideas freely. Countries often try to keep military or industrial information secret.Today, people have the ability to travel, to communicate, and to transport goods more quickly and easily than ever be- fore. Natural barriers that were difficult or dangerous to cross a hundred years ago can now be crossed easily. The harriers that people themselves make are not so easy to overcome. But in spite of all the different kinds of barriers, people continue to enjoy travel and the exchange of goods and ideas. 1. The examples in Paragraph 2 are used to tell the readers that_. A. people have been allowed to travel freely within the country B. people have not been permitted to travel freely for various reasons C. travellers have to carry special papers such as passports and visas D. customs posts are .necessary at the borders of the countries 答案: B 指導：這是一道細節(jié)推斷題。第二段例子說明由于種種原因與可不允許自由地旅游。2. Some governments limit the freedom of communication because_. A. they intend to keep their national secrets unknown to others B. they think such freedom will lead to wars C. they often disagree with each other on important matters D. they want to show their authority over communication 答案: A 指導：這是一道細節(jié)推斷題。第三段"Countriesoftentry to keep military or industrial information secret”說明政府限制通信自由的原因是防止泄密。3. We may learn from the passage-that _. A. people do not care about the removal of harriers between countries B. people can not remove the obstacles made by themselves C. man-made harriers are sometimes harder to overcome than natural onesD. barriers should be taken for granted as they always exist 答案: C 指導：這是一道細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)最后一段The barriers that people them selve smake are not So easy too ver come可推斷出人為造成的障礙要比天然障礙難以克服。4. Which of the following can serve as the best title of the passage? A. Barriers Made by People B. Functions of CommunicationC. Restrictions on Transportation 答案: A 指導，這是一道主旨題。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容可確定其題目應為Barriers Madeby People*結束閱讀理解主旨大意Passage* (典型題) Whoever has made a voyage up the Hudson River must remember the Catskill Mountains. They are a branch of the great Appalachian family, and can be seen to the west rising up to a noble height and towering over the surrounding country. When the weather is fair and settled, they are clothed in blue and purple, and print their beautiful shapes on the clear evening sky, but sometimes when it is cloudless, gray steam gathers around the top of the mountains which, in the last rays of the setting sun, will shine and light up like a crown of glory(華麗的皇冠). At the foot of these mountains, a traveler may see light smoke going up from a village, In that village, and in one of the houses (which, to tell the exact truth, was sadly timeworn and weather-beaten), there lived many years ago, a simple, good-natured fellow by the name of Rip Van Winkle. Rip's great weakness was a natural dislike of all kinds of money-making labor. It could not be from lack of diligence (勤勞) ,for he could sit all day on a wet rock and fish without say- lng a word, even though he was not encouraged by a single bite. He would carry a gun on his shoulder for hours, walking through woods and fields to shoot a few birds or squirrels. He would never refuse to help a neighbor, even in the roughest work. The women of the village, too, used to employ him to do such little jobs as their less helpful husbands would not do for them. In a word. Rip was ready to attend to everybody's business but his own.If left to himself, he would have whistled (吹口哨) life away in perfect satisfaction but his wife was always mad at him for his idleness (懶散). Morning, noon, and night, her tongue was endlessly going, so that he was forced to escape to the outside of the house the only side which, in truth, belongs to a henpecked husband. 1. Which of the following best describes the Catskill Mountains? A. They are on the west of the Hudson River. B. They are very high and beautiful in this area. C. They can be seen from the Appalachian family. D. They gather beautiful clouds in blue and purple. 答案: B 指導：本文第一段第二句說明了Catskill山脈之高；第三句說明了其美麗。因此B為最佳選項。2. The hero of the story is probably _. A. hard-working and likes all kinds of work B. idle and hates all kinds of jobs C. simple, idle but very dutiful D. gentle, helpful but a little idle 答案: D 指導：文章倒數(shù)第三段中說明了Rip的gentle(從文中的good-natured可看出)；倒數(shù)第二段最后一句說明其helpful；倒數(shù)第一段第二句說明其idle.3. The underlined words" henpecked husband" in the last paragraph probably means a man who_. A. likes hunting B. is afraid of hens C. loves his wife D. is afraid of his wife答案：D 指導：通過最后一段可知由于Rip的懶散，妻子不滿意，天天抱怨，所以他被迫躲到外面。做此題還要正確理解which所引導的非限制性定語從句的作用之一是補充說明前面的先行詞。 4. What would be the best title for the text? A. Catskill Mountains. B. A Mountain Village. C. Rip Van Winkle. D. A Dutiful Husband.答案: C 指導：本文開頭先為介紹本文所要講述的故事提供了一個背景，然后進入正題，所以這道題目出得很妙。*結束 閱讀理解-細節(jié)事實Passage 5 When Lewis and Clark stepped onto the Weippe Prairie in present-day Idaho in September 18典型例題y met the Nez Perce Indians. In the following years, the white explorers (探險者) began fight with the Indians or their land. Some Nez Perce chiefs signed agreements with the U. S. government, selling part of their lands. But the government always broke those a- greements and demanded more land.Other chiefs refused to go along with the government's plans. The most famous was Chief Joseph, whose people lived in the Wallowa Valley (present-day Oregon). "In order to have all people understand how much land we owned," he once explained, "my father planted poles around it and said. ' Inside is the home of my people . It circl ed aroundthe graves (墳墓) of our fathers, and we will never give up these graves to any man. ' But in 1874, the U. S. government declared the valley open for white settlement and ordered the Nez Perce onto a res- ervation(保留地). Seeing that resistance was useless. Chief Jo seph agreed to move.Later, fighting broke out between the Nez Perce and U. S. soldiers. Chief Joseph tried to lead his people to Canada, winning several battles against the soldiers during their flight. But finally, he was forced to give in. 1. Which historic site (on the map) lies in the south of today's Nez Perce Reservation? A. Buffalo Eddy. B. Dug Bar. C. Joseph Canyon Viewpoint. D. Chief Looking Glass Camp. 答案: D 指導：此題為識圖題。首先要審清題目，注意題干中的關鍵詞historic site，in the south，然后再觀察地圖及圖例，很容易判斷D項為正確答案。2. What can we learn about the Nez Perce lands from the map? A. They were in the state of Oregon. B. They have become a historic site C. They have become much smaller. D. They were limited to the wallowa Valley. 答案: C 指導：根據(jù)地圖中圖例部分第一項、第二項，可以看出1855年Nez Perce lands的范圍比當今Nez Perce Reservation的范圍要大得多。由此可判斷C項為正確答案。3. From Paragraph 3, we know that the Indians wanted to_. A. show oft their land B. keep their land C. turn their place into a graveyard D. build their homes around the poles答案: B 指導：本段引述了NezPerce人的某一頭領Joseph的話，他說到，“為了讓所有的人明白我們過去擁有多少土地，我父親在領地周圍種了些植物作為標志，并且說標志里就是我們的家園”由此可以看出那些印第安人的目的就是要維護自己的土地。*結束