2014高考英語(yǔ)沖刺閱讀理解專(zhuān)項(xiàng) 50-33AA child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in almost the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as formal texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual situation of the time and the child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or making him sad thinking. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often sorry for cruelty than those who had not. As to fears, there are, I think, some cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises (出現(xiàn)) from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two - headed dragons, magic carpets, etc. do not exist; and that, instead of being fond of the strange side in fairy tales, the child should be taught to learn the reality by studying history. I find such people, I must say so peculiar (奇怪的) that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girl -friend.No fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world and no clever child has ever believed that it was.1. The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is _.A. repeated without any change     B. treated as a jokeC. made some changes by the parent   D. set in the present答案解析：答案為C。本題為細(xì)節(jié)推理題。 由第一段的 “It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual situation of the time and the child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.”可知，作者認(rèn)為如果父母講神話(huà)故事結(jié)合小孩所在的真實(shí)時(shí)間情況，而不僅僅是從故事書(shū)上讀故事，效果更好。故答案為C，即父母如果對(duì)神話(huà)故事作一些變化，更有效。解答此題要注意同一意思的不同表達(dá)。2. According to the passage, great fear can take place in a child when the story is _.A. in a realistic setting    B. heard for the first timeC. repeated too often    D. told in a different way答案解析：答案為B。本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。由第二段 “As to fears, there are, I think, some cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once.”可知，作者認(rèn)為如果故事只講了一遍，小孩會(huì)產(chǎn)生恐懼感。故答案為B。3.The advantage claimed (提出) for repeating fairy stories to young children is that it _.A. makes them less fearfulB. develops their power of memoryC. makes them believe there is nothing to be afraid ofD. encourages them not to have strange beliefs答案解析：答案為A。本題為細(xì)節(jié)推理題。由第二段的最后一句話(huà) “Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.”可知，作者認(rèn)為不斷的重復(fù)故事可以讓小孩變得熟悉(familiarity)故事, 這樣恐懼的痛苦（pain of fear） 就會(huì)變成恐懼的快樂(lè)（pleasure of a fear），故答案為A。B，D在文章中未提及；C選項(xiàng) “讓小孩相信沒(méi)有什么可害怕的” 意思與此不符，且此答案顯得絕對(duì)。4. The authors mention of sticks and telephones is meant to suggest that _.A. fairy stories are still being made upB. there is some misunderstanding about fairy talesC. people try to modernize old fairy storiesD. there is more concern for children's fears nowadays答案解析：答案為B。本題為推斷題。從第三段 “If their case were sound, the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girl -friend.” 和第四段 “No fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world and no clever child has ever believed that it was.” 可知，作者的觀點(diǎn)是神話(huà)故事不是對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的描述，沒(méi)有哪個(gè)聰明的小孩相信它們是真的。故答案為B，作者用sticks and telephones 來(lái)證明一些人對(duì)神話(huà)故事存在誤解。5. One of the reasons why some people are not in favor of fairy tales is that _.A. they are full of imaginationB. they just make up the stories which are far from the truthC. they are not interestingD. they make teachers of history difficult to teach答案解析：答案為B。本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。從第三段的首句 “There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two - headed dragons, magic carpets, etc. do not exist”可知，也有人反對(duì)神話(huà)故事是因?yàn)樗鼈儾皇强陀^真實(shí)的，故答案為B。解答此題同樣要注意同義句的轉(zhuǎn)換， “not in favor of”與object to 同義；”not objectively true” 與 “far from the truth”同義。BWith the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most heated argument across the United States today is the death penalty (死刑). Many argue that it is an effective deterrent (威懾) to murder, while others think there is no enough proof that the death penalty reduces the number of murders.The argument advanced by those opposed （反對(duì)） to the death penalty is that it is cruel and inhuman punishment, that it is tile mark of a bad society and finally that it is of questionable effectiveness as a deterrent to crime (罪行) anyway.In our opinion, the death penalty is a necessary action. Throughout recorded history there have always been those peculiar persons in every society who made terrible crimes such as murder. But some are more dangerous than others.For example, it is one thing to take the life of another in time of blind anger, but quite another to coldly plan and carry out the murder of one or more people in the style of a butcher. Thus, murder, like all other crimes, is a matter of different degree. While it could be argued with some reason that the criminal in the first instance should be merely kept from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer.The value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to discussion. But the majority of people believe that the death penalty protects them. Their belief is proved by the fact that the death penalty prevents murder. For example, from 1954 to 1963, when the death penalty was carried out from time to time in California, the murder rate remained between three and four murders for each 100, 000 population. Since 1964 the death penalty has been done only once, and the murder rate has risen to10.4 murders for each 100, 000 population. The sharp climb in the state's murder rate, which began when killings stopped, does not happen by chance. It certainly shows that the death penalty does deter many murderers. If the law about death penalty is vetoed (否決), some people will be murdered- some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. This is really a life or death matter. The lives of thousands of people must be protected.1. The main purpose of this passage is to _.A. speak for the majority    B. support a vetoC. speak ill of the government    D. argue for the value of the death penalty答案解析：答案為D。本題為文章的主旨大意題。由第一段的 “Many argue that , while others think .”和最后一段的首句 “The value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to discussion.”可知，本文討論死刑的價(jià)值。2. Which of the following is among the heated arguments across the USA besides death penalty?A. Air pollution. B. The war against Iraq.C. Equal rights. D. Election of president.答案解析：答案為C。本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。從第一段的首句 “With the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most heated argument across the United States today is the death penalty (死刑).” 可知，除了人權(quán)問(wèn)題，在美國(guó)討論最熱烈的問(wèn)題是死刑。3. The numbers in the last paragraph show that _.A. if they stick to death penalty, the number of murders will be reducedB. death penalty almost stopped from 1954 to 1963C. the population of California has risenD. death penalty is of little value答案解析：答案為A。本題為推理題。從最后一段的第二句 “But the majority of people believe that the death penalty protects them.” 和最后三句 “If the law about death penalty is vetoed (否決), some people will be murdered- some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. This is really a life or death matter. The lives of thousands of people must be protected.”都是在強(qiáng)調(diào)死刑可以保護(hù)人的生命，故答案為A, 如果國(guó)家堅(jiān)持死刑，謀殺案件的數(shù)目會(huì)減少。由本段的第四句話(huà) “For example, from 1954 to 1963, when the death penalty was carried out from time to time in California” 可知，1954年到1963年期間，死刑時(shí)不時(shí)地在California執(zhí)行，并不是廢除了，故選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)在文中未提及，D選項(xiàng)與本段的中心意思違背。4. It can be inferred that the writer thinks that _.A. the death penalty is the most important problem in the United States todayB. the second type of murderers (in Paragraph 4) should be sentenced to deathC. the veto of the law about death penalty is of little importanceD. the value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime is not to be discussed答案解析：答案為B。本題為推理題。細(xì)讀第四段， 由“it is one thing blind anger, but quite another to coldly plan in the style of a butcher. Thus, murder is a matter of different degree. While it could be argued with some reason that the criminal in the first instance should be merely kept from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer.”可知，作者認(rèn)為謀殺分為 “blind anger （盲目的憤怒）” 和 “coldly plan in the style of a butcher （冷酷的屠夫式的謀殺），謀殺的程度不一樣，如果是第一種就僅僅讓謀殺者與社會(huì)隔離即可，而不是后一種謀殺者的命運(yùn)，言外之意就是后一種謀殺應(yīng)該判死刑。故答案為B。結(jié)合前面幾題的分析，第一段作者認(rèn)為除了人權(quán)問(wèn)題，在美國(guó)討論最熱烈的問(wèn)題是死刑。故選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤。從最后一段倒數(shù)第三句話(huà) “If the law about death penalty is vetoed, some people will be murdered- some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect.” 可知，如果死刑被否決，一些本可以挽救的生命就會(huì)被謀殺，可見(jiàn)死刑的否決對(duì)保護(hù)人的生命有著重要的意義，C選項(xiàng)的意思與此相反，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)與最后一段的首句 “The value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to discussion.” 表達(dá)相反，故錯(cuò)誤。