The Great Wall,The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that are created by man! There is always a saying “He who does not reach The Great Wall is not a true man. ”,1. He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到長城非好漢。 2. He who laughs last laughs best. 誰笑到最后，誰笑的最好。 3. God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助之。 4. All that glitters is not gold. 發(fā)光的不都是金子。,Proverbs:,Grammar: Revision of the Attributive Clause,鎮(zhèn)江一中高三英語 語法專題:定語從句,Nanjing,the city,get the chance to host the 2014 Youth Olympic Games,Nanjing is the city that / which has got the chance to host the 2014 Youth Olympic Games.,定語從句,關系詞,先行詞,定語從句的基本概念：,在復合句中，修飾某一_或 _的從句，叫定語從句 1. _：定語從句所修飾的詞 2. 關系詞： Relative pronouns：_ _ _ _ _ _ Relative adverbs: _ _ _,名詞,代詞,先行詞,who,whom,which,that,as,whose,when,where,why,關系詞常有3個作用：, 引導定語從句 代替先行詞 在定語從句中擔當一個成分,關系代詞作主語、賓語、表語或定語 （如whose / which），作_有時可 省略；關系副詞作狀語，一般不省略。,賓語,This is the best film that I have ever seen.,定語從句,The Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定語從句,The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定語從句,(1)His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college. 他那當醫(yī)生的哥哥常鼓勵他要考上大學。 （他還有其他的哥哥） (2)His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college. 他的哥哥是當醫(yī)生的，常鼓勵他要考上大學。 （他只有一個哥哥）,要注意區(qū)分以下句子的不同：,限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：,1 China is a country which has a long history. 2 China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.,限制性定語從句：1) 形式上_逗號，2) 意義上是先行詞不可缺少的定語，因而不能刪除,非限制性定語從句： 1) 形式上_逗號與主句隔開 2) 是對先行詞的補充說明，刪除后意思仍完整 3) 關系詞不用 _，且不能省,無,有,that,Translate the following sentences:,China is a country which has a long history. 中國是一個具有悠久歷史的國家。 His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.,他的母親很愛他，但對他的要求卻很嚴。,(2006上海) In an hour, we can travel to places _ would have taken our ancestors days to reach. A. where B. when C. which D. what,（2011江蘇）Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audience can buy ice-cream. A. when B. where C. that D. which,解題技巧：三步定位法 1. 找先行詞，辨清人和物 2. 確定關系詞在從句中的作用 3. 確定關系詞,關系代詞和關系副詞的作用,考點與難點歸納,1. 定語從句關系詞的選用 2. 關系代詞which 和that的區(qū)別 3. which和as引導非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別 4. as引導的限制性定語從句 5. whose 的用法及轉換形式 6. “介詞+關系代詞” 引導的定語從句,定語從句的熱門考點,定語從句的難點歸納,1. 定語從句中主謂一致的問題 2. the way用作先行詞 3. time用作先行詞 4. 分隔性定語從句 5. 在定語從句加中插入語 6.“介詞+關系副詞where /when”引導的定語 從句 7. 定語從句與名詞性從句、狀語從句和強調句的區(qū)別以及多個從句的混合使用,1. 定語從句關系詞的選用 2. 關系代詞which 和that的區(qū)別 3. which和as引導非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別 4. as引導的限制性定語從句 5. whose 的用法及轉換形式 5. “介詞+關系代詞” 引導的定語從句,定語從句的熱門考點強化訓練,考點一：如何判斷用關系代詞還是關系副詞 1. We are trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. （06山東） A. which B. that C. where D. when 2. Do you have anything to say for yourself? Yes, theres one point _ we must insist on. A. why B. where C. how D. /,1) Do you have anything _ you dont understand? 2) The only thing _ we can do is to give you some advice. 3) Who is the man _ is standing there? 4) Her bag, in _ she put all her money, has been stolen. 5) She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth.,that,that,that,which,which,考點二、關系代詞which 和that的區(qū)別,1. 先行詞是everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none等不定代詞或 由不定代詞any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all等修飾時, 2. 先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾且指物時, 3. 先行詞中既有人又有事物時， 4. 先行詞被the very, the only等修飾且指物時, 5. 當主句的主語是who/which等疑問代詞時， 6.當先行詞在主句中作表語，而關系代詞也在從句中 作表語時， 7.有兩個定語從句時，其中一個關系詞已用which, 另一個宜用that,指物，介詞后。 2. 用于非限制定語從句中,只使用that應遵循的規(guī)則,只使用which應遵循的規(guī)則,考點三：as與which引導的非限制性 定語從句 1. _is known to us all, Taiwan is a part of China. 2. She was late again, _ was unexpected. 3. It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all. （2012陜西）,As,which,which,as與which引導的非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別: 1) 位于句首, 只用 _ 2) 某些固定結構（特別是被動語態(tài)的從句中）, 常用_ 3) 當定語從句是否定句或表示否定時, 常用_,as,as,which,4. _ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior schools is increasing. A. Which B. As C. That D. It 5.The Beatles, _many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. A. what B. that C. how D. as 6.（2012安徽，29）lot of language learning, _ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. A. as B. it C. which D. This,考點四：as引導的限制性定語從句,as/that/which 1. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift. 2. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift it.,as,that,歸納：as引導限制性定語從句先行詞前 常被such, the same, so, as 修飾，即構成suchas , the same as, soas, 結構，做題時容易忽略。as在定語從句中應充當成分如：主語、賓語或表語。,模擬訓練 ：,1. He is such a lazy man_ nobody wants to work with_. （04 模擬訓練） A. as; him B. that; / C. as; / D. whom; him 2. Mrs. Black took the police back to_ place _ she witnessed the robbery. A. the same; as B. the same; where C. the same; that D. as the same; as,（05 模擬訓練）,考點五： whose 用法及轉換形式,whose引導定語從句，其先行詞不僅可以指_，還可以指_。,人的,物的,whose的先行詞指物時, 可用of which代替, 但詞序不同， 即whose+名詞=the +n + of which =of which + the + n.,1.（2012天津）I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _ help I would never have got this far. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which 2.（2010江蘇）The newly built cafe, the walls of_ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. A. that B. it C. what D. which,考點六：介詞+關系詞,1. In the dark street, there is no one _ _ he could turn for help. 2. He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar. 3. I still remember the day _ _ I first got to Paris. 4. Air, _ _ man cant live, is really important.,to whom,with which,on which,without which,在介詞后, 關系代詞一般只用_（指物） 或 _（指人）,which,whom,1.（2009陜西）Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which 2.（2012四川）In our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses. A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them,譯：這是我要照顧的孩子。 This is the child whom/ that I will take care of.,注意：含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞 仍放在短語動詞的后面，不能提前。,(06浙江) I was given three books on cooking, the first _I really enjoyed. A. of that B. of which C. that D. which,非限制性定語從句中，要表示先行詞的一部分時， 可用“名詞/數(shù)詞/代詞 + 介詞+ which/whom”結構,定語從句中的謂語含有 can, may等情態(tài)動詞時，可簡化為 “介詞 + which/ whom +不定式結構” （2005湖南）Franks dream was to have his own shop _ to produce the workings of his own hands. A. that B. in which C. by which D. how,定語從句的難點回顧,1. 定語從句中主謂一致的問題 2. the way用作先行詞 3. time用作先行詞 4. 分隔性定語從句 5. 在定語從句加中插入語 6.“介詞+關系副詞where /when”引導的定語 從句 7. 定語從句與名詞性從句、狀語從句和強調句 的區(qū)別以及多個從句的混合使用,難點四：分隔性定語從句 定語 從句與先行詞被分割開來 All is well that ends well. 結果好，就一切都好。,特點： 先行詞通常是句子的主語，因主句謂語 較短，為使句子平衡，常將定語從句移 至主句謂語之后。,（2011天津，10）The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. A. when B. that C. where D. which,= Gone are the days when,能力提升,Our class is a big family. It consists of 10 girls and 34 boys.,Our class is a big family which consists of 10 girls and 34 boys.,定語從句的運用,Liu Changjian is a kind-hearted boy. He is always ready to help others.,Liu Changjian is a kind-hearted boy, who is always ready to help others.,定語從句的運用,Sometimes what we do will hurt other peoples feelings. It does great harm to the relationship between us all.,Sometimes what we do will hurt other peoples feelings, which does great harm to the relationship between us all.,定語從句的運用,根據(jù)下列句子，完成短文。,眾所周知，2014年南京將舉辦青奧會。英語作為一種國際語言，將會在交流中起著重要作用。作為一名高三學生，我們應抓住現(xiàn)在的學習機會努力學好它。只有這樣，才能為青奧會貢獻自己的力量。,注意：要使用定語從句 參考詞語：2014年青奧會 the 2014 Youth Olympic Games 抓住機會seize / take the opportunity (chance),As is known to all, Nanjing will host the 2014 Youth Olympic Games. English, which is an international language, plays an important part in communicating with foreign friends. We Senior Three students should seize this opportunity to learn it well. Only in this way can we make our contributions to the Youth Olympic Games.,One possible version:,As is known to all, Nanjing will host the 2014 Youth Olympic Games. English, which is an international language, plays an important part in communicating with foreign friends. We Senior Three students should seize this opportunity to learn it well, by which we can make our contributions to the Youth Olympic Games.,Another possible version:,As is known to all, Nanjing will host the 2014 Youth Olympic Games. English, which is an international language, plays an important part in communicating with foreign friends. We Senior Three students should seize this opportunity to learn it well. Only in this way can we make our contributions to the Youth Olympic Games.,One possible version: (better),對比訓練答案： 1-10 BCCAC BADAB 定語從句鞏固訓練： 1-10 DBBDB CDCCD,Thank you!,Opportunities are only for those who are prepared. 機會只給那些有準備的人。,