_冀教版八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語語法點(diǎn)滴 1 1) leave的用法1.“l(fā)eave+地點(diǎn)”表示“離開某地”。例如：When did you leave Shanghai?你什么時(shí)候離開上海的？2.“l(fā)eave for+地點(diǎn)”表示“動(dòng)身去某地”。例如：Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.下周五，愛麗斯要去倫敦了。3.“l(fā)eave+地點(diǎn)+for+地點(diǎn)”表示“離開某地去某地”。例如：Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?你為什么要離開上海去北京？2) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should“應(yīng)該”學(xué)會(huì)使用should作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用，常常表示意外、驚奇、不能理解等，有“竟會(huì)”的意思，例如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？Why should you be so late today? 你今天為什么來得這么晚？should有時(shí)表示應(yīng)當(dāng)做或發(fā)生的事，例如：We should help each other.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)互相幫助。我們?cè)谑褂脮r(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1. 用于表示“應(yīng)該”或“不應(yīng)該”的概念。此時(shí)常指長輩教導(dǎo)或責(zé)備晚輩。例如：You should be here with clean hands. 你應(yīng)該把手洗干凈了再來。 2. 用于提出意見勸導(dǎo)別人。例如：You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感覺不舒服，你最好去看醫(yī)生。3. 用于表示可能性。should的這一用法是考試中常常出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn)之一。例如：We should arrive by supper time. 我們?cè)谕盹埱熬湍艿搅恕?She should be here any moment. 她隨時(shí)都可能來。 3) What.? 與 Which.?1. what 與 which 都是疑問代詞，都可以指人或事物，但是what僅用來詢問職業(yè)。如： What is your father?  你父親是干什么的？該句相當(dāng)于： What does your father do?What is your father's job?Which 指代的是特定范圍內(nèi)的某一個(gè)人。如： -Which is Peter?  哪個(gè)是皮特？ -The boy behind Mary.  瑪麗背后的那個(gè)男孩。2. What.?是泛指，所指的事物沒有范圍的限制；而 Which.?是特指，所指的事物有范圍的限制。如： What color do you like best?  （所有顏色）你最喜愛什么顏色？ Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow?  （有特定的范圍）你最喜愛哪一種顏色？3. what 與 which 后都可以接單、復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。如： Which pictures are from China?哪些圖片來自中國？4) 頻度副詞的位置1.常見的頻度副詞有以下這些： always（總是，一直） usually（通常） often（常常，經(jīng)常） sometimes（有時(shí)候） never（從不）2.頻度副詞的位置：a.放在連系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。如：David is often arrives late for school.大衛(wèi)上學(xué)經(jīng)常遲到。b.放在行為動(dòng)詞前。如：We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.我們每天經(jīng)常在7：10去上學(xué)。c.有些頻度副詞可放在句首或句尾，用來表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如：Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.有時(shí)我步行回家，有時(shí)我騎自行車。3.never放在句首時(shí)，主語、謂語動(dòng)詞要倒裝。如：Never have I been there.我從沒到過那兒。5) every day 與 everyday1. every day作狀語，譯為“每一天”。如：We go to school at 7:10 every day.我們每天7：10去上學(xué)。I decide to read English every day.我決定每天讀英語。2. everyday 作定語，譯為“日常的”。She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.她晚飯后在電視上看日常英語。What's your everyday activity?你的日?；顒?dòng)是什么？6) 什么是助動(dòng)詞1.幫助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞詞組的詞叫助動(dòng)詞（Auxiliary Verb）。被協(xié)助的動(dòng)詞稱作主要?jiǎng)釉~（Main Verb）。助動(dòng)詞自身沒有詞義，不可單獨(dú)使用，例如：He doesn't like English.他不喜歡英語。（doesn't是助動(dòng)詞，無詞義；like是主要?jiǎng)釉~，有詞義）2.助動(dòng)詞協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~完成以下功用，可以用來： a. 表示時(shí)態(tài)，例如：He is singing.他在唱歌。He has got married.他已結(jié)婚。 b. 表示語態(tài)，例如：He was sent to England.他被派往英國。 c. 構(gòu)成疑問句，例如：Do you like college life?你喜歡大學(xué)生活嗎？Did you study English before you came here?你來這兒之前學(xué)過英語嗎？ d. 與否定副詞not合用，構(gòu)成否定句，例如：I don't like him. 我不喜歡他。 e. 加強(qiáng)語氣，例如：Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定來參加晚會(huì)。He did know that. 他的確知道那件事。3.最常用的助動(dòng)詞有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would7) forget doing/to do與remember doing/to do1.forget to do忘記要去做某事。(未做)forget doing忘記做過某事。(已做)The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.辦公室的燈還在亮著，它忘記關(guān)了。(沒有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)He forgot turning the light off. 他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。 ( 已做過關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)Don't forget to come tomorrow.別忘了明天來。(to come動(dòng)作未做)典型例題- The light in the office is still on.- Oh，I forgot_. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off答案：C。由the light is still on 可知燈亮著，即關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作沒有發(fā)生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了，而自己忘記了這一事實(shí)。此處不符合題意。2.remember to do 記得去做某事 (未做)remember doing記得做過某事 (已做)Remember to go to the post office after school.記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不記得以前見過那個(gè)人嗎?8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb.1.for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等： It's very hard for him to study two languages. 對(duì)他來說學(xué)兩門外語是很難的。2.of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。 It's very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我，你真是太好了。3.for 與of 的辨別方法：用介詞后面的代詞作主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個(gè)句子。如果道理上通順用of，不通則用for。如： You are nice.(通順，所以應(yīng)用of)。 He is hard.(人是困難的，不通，因此應(yīng)用for。)9) 對(duì)兩個(gè)句子的提問冀教英語在命題中有將對(duì)句子劃線提問這一題型取消的趨勢(shì)，現(xiàn)在采取的作法是對(duì)一個(gè)句子進(jìn)行自由提問。例如：句子：The boy in blue has three pens.提問：1.Who has three pens?2.Which boy has three pens?3.What does the boy in blue have?4.How many pens does the boy in blue have?很顯然，學(xué)生多了更多的回答角度，也體現(xiàn)了考試的靈活性。再如：句子：He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.提問：1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?2.Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?3.What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?4.With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?5.What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?6.When does he usually go to the park with his friends?10) so、such與不定冠詞的使用1.so與不定冠詞a、an連用，結(jié)構(gòu)為“so+形容詞+a/an+名詞”。如：He is so funny a boy.Jim has so big a house.2.such與不定冠詞a、an連用，結(jié)構(gòu)為“such+a/an+形容詞+名詞”。如：It is such a nice day.That was such an interesting story.11) 使用-ing分詞的幾種情況1.在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中。如：He is watching TV in the room.They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.2.在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：There is a boy swimming in the river.3.在have fun/problems結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：We have fun learning English this term.They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.4.在介詞后面。如：Thanks for helping me.Are you good at playing basketball.5.在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中：enjoy doing sth樂于做某事finish doing sth完成做某事feel like doing sth                 想要做某事stop doing sth                      停止做某事forget doing sth                    忘記做過某事go on doing sth                     繼續(xù)做某事remember doing sth                  記得做過某事like doing sth                      喜歡做某事keep sb doing sth                   使某人一直做某事find sb doing sth                   發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事see/hear/watch sb doing sth         看到/聽到/觀看某人做某事try doing sth                       試圖做某事need doing sth                      需要做某事prefer doing sth                    寧愿做某事mind doing sth                      介意做某事practice doing sth                  練習(xí)做某事be busy doing sth                   忙于做某事can't help doing sth                禁不住做某事miss doing sth                      錯(cuò)過做某事 12) 英語中的“單數(shù)”1.主語的第三人稱單數(shù)形式，即可用“he,she,it”代替的。如：he, she, itmy friend,   his teacher,   our classroom,   Tom,   Mary's uncle2.名詞有單數(shù)名詞和復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如：man（單數(shù)）-men（復(fù)數(shù)）       banana（單數(shù)）-bananas（復(fù)數(shù)）3.動(dòng)詞有原形，第三人稱單數(shù)形式，-ing分詞，過去式，過去分詞。如：go-goes-going-went-gone  work-works-working-worked-workedwatch-watches-watching-watched-watched當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)的時(shí)候，謂語動(dòng)詞必須用相應(yīng)的第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：The boy wants to be a sales assistant. Our English teacher is from the US. Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.13) 名詞的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成的幾種形式名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成可分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。I 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化1.一般在名詞詞尾加-s。如：pear-pears                   hamburger-hamburgersdesk-deskstree-trees2.以字母-s, -sh, -ch, -x結(jié)尾的名詞，詞尾加-es。如：class-classes                 dish-disheswatch-watches                 box-boxes3.以字母-o結(jié)尾的某些名詞，詞尾加-es。如：potato-potatoes               tomato-tomatoesNegro-Negroes                 hero-heroes4.以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞，將-y變?yōu)?i,再加-es。如：family-families               dictionary-dictionariescity-cities                   country-countries5.以字母-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞，將-f或-fe變?yōu)?v，再加-es。如：half-halves                   leaf-leavesthief-thieves                 knife-knivesself-selves                   wife-wiveslife-lives                   wolf-wolvesshelf-shelves                 loaf-loaves但是：scarf-scarves(fes)           roof-roofsserf-serfs                   gulf-gulfschief-chiefs                 proof-proofsbelief-beliefsII 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化1.將-oo改為-ee。如：foot-feet                     tooth-teeth2.將-man改為-men。如：man-men                       woman-womenpoliceman-policemen           postman-postmen3.添加詞尾。如：child-children4.單復(fù)數(shù)同形。如：sheep-sheep                   deer-deerfish-fish                     people-people5.表示“某國人”的單、復(fù)數(shù)變化。即“中日瑞不變英法變，其它國把-s加后面”。如：Chinese-Chinese               Japanese-Japanese         Swiss-SwissEnglishman-Englishmen         Frenchman-FrenchmenAmerican-Americans           Australian-AustraliansCanadian-Canadians           Korean-KoreansRussian-Russians             Indian-Indians6.其它。如：mouse-miceapple tree-apple treesman teacher-men teachers  14) 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母的-ing分詞初中階段常見的有以下這些：1.letletting讓hithitting打、撞cutcutting切、割getgetting取、得到sitsitting坐forgetforgetting忘記putputting放setsetting設(shè)置babysitbabysitting      臨時(shí)受雇照顧嬰兒2.shopshopping購物triptripping絆stopstopping停止dropdropping放棄3.traveltravel(l)ing旅游swimswimming游泳runrunning跑步digdigging挖、掘beginbeginning開始preferpreferring       寧愿       planplanning           計(jì)劃15) 肯定句變否定句及疑問句要變化的一些詞1.some變?yōu)閍ny。如：There are some birds in the tree.There aren't any birds in the tree.但是，若在表示請(qǐng)邀請(qǐng)、請(qǐng)求的句子中，some可以不變。如：Would you like some orange juice?與此相關(guān)的一些不定代詞如something, somebody等也要進(jìn)行相應(yīng)變化。2.and變?yōu)閛r。如：I have a knife and a ruler.I don't have a knife or a ruler.3.a lot of (=lots of)變?yōu)閙any或much。如：They have a lot of friends.（可數(shù)名詞）They don't have many friends.There is lots of orange in the bottle.（不可數(shù)名詞）There isn't much orange in the bottle.4.already變?yōu)閥et。如：I have been there already.I haven't been there yet.16) in與afterin 與 after 都可以表示時(shí)間，但二者有所區(qū)別。1.in 經(jīng)常用于將來時(shí)的句子中，以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)，表示將來一段時(shí)間。如：He will leave for Beijing in a week.一周后他會(huì)動(dòng)身去北京。2.after 經(jīng)常用于過去時(shí)的句子中，以過去為起點(diǎn)，表示過去一段時(shí)間。如：He left for Beijing after a week.一周后他動(dòng)身去了北京。不過，如果after后跟的是具體的時(shí)刻，它也可用于將來時(shí)。如：We will finish the work after ten o'clock.十點(diǎn)后我們會(huì)完成工作的。3.注意區(qū)分以下的in的用法。I'll visit him in a week.一周后我會(huì)去拜訪他。I'll visit him twice in a week.一周內(nèi)我會(huì)去拜訪他兩次。17) 不定冠詞a與an的使用1.a 用在以輔音音素開頭的單詞前。如：There is a "b" in the word "book".單詞book中有個(gè)字母b。類似的字母還有：b,c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z。She has a small knife.她有一把小刀。2.an 用于以元音音素開頭的單詞前。如：There is an "i" in the word "onion".單詞onion中有個(gè)字母i。類似的字母還有：a, e, f, h,i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。Do you have an umbrella?你有一把雨傘嗎？3.以元音字母開頭的單詞前面不一定都用an；以輔音字母開頭的單詞前面也不一定都用a。如：a useful booka universitya one-letter word           an houran unclean umbrellaan honest person18) 如何表達(dá)英語中的“穿、戴”？英語中表示“穿、戴”的表達(dá)方法有好幾種，常見的有以下這些：1、put on 主要表達(dá)“穿”的動(dòng)作。如： He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。You'd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。2、wear 主要表示“穿、戴”的狀態(tài)。如： The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴著一副眼鏡。 The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿著一條紅色的短裙。3、dress 可作及物動(dòng)詞，有“給.穿衣”的意思，后接“人”，而不是“衣服”。如： Please dress the children right now.請(qǐng)立即給孩子們穿上衣服。 dress 也可作不及物動(dòng)詞，表示衣著的習(xí)慣。如： The woman always dresses in green.那位婦女總是穿綠色的衣服。4、be in 表示穿著的狀態(tài)。如： John is in white today.約翰今天穿白色的衣服。 The man in black is a football coach.19) a little, a few 與 a bit (of)   a little, a few 與 a bit (of) 都有“一些、少量”的意義。他們的區(qū)別在哪里呢？ 1. a little意為“一些、少量”，后接不可數(shù)名詞。如： There is a little water in the bottle.  瓶子里有一點(diǎn)水。 還可以接形容詞。如： He is a little shy.  他有些害羞。 2. a few 意為“一些、少數(shù)”，后接復(fù)數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞。如： There are a few people in the room.  房間里有一些人。 3. a bit 意為“一點(diǎn)兒”，后接形容詞。如： It's a bit cold.  有點(diǎn)冷。 a bit of 后接不可數(shù)名詞。如： He has a bit of money.  他有一點(diǎn)兒錢。 4. a little 表肯定意義，little 表否定意義；a few 表肯定意義，few 表否定意義。如： There is a little soda in the glass.  杯子里有一點(diǎn)兒汽水。 There is little soda in the glass.  杯子里幾乎沒有汽水了。 I have a few Chinese friends.  我有一些中國朋友。 Few people like him.  幾乎沒有人喜歡他。 5. a little = a bit of, 后接不可數(shù)名詞； a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 后接形容詞，意為“有點(diǎn)兒”。25) other及其用法Other 及其相近的詞（組），如 others, the other, the others, another, any other 等，一直是中學(xué)生朋友們比較困擾的問題，平常的考試、作業(yè)中經(jīng)常出錯(cuò)。下面是它們的一些用法：1、other 指其余的人或物，所有格是 other's，復(fù)數(shù)形式是 others，the other 指“兩個(gè)人或物中的另一個(gè)”，其復(fù)數(shù)形式是 the others，others 相當(dāng)于“other + 名詞”，所以不能充當(dāng)定語，修飾名詞。others指整體中去掉一部分后剩余的部分，但不是全部的，即 some.others （一些.其余的人.）。the others 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體中除去一部分后剩余的全部，即some.the others.2、another 泛指三個(gè)以上的不定數(shù)目中的“另外一個(gè)”。由 an 和 other 合并構(gòu)成，所以不能和冠詞連用。another 修飾單數(shù)名詞，比如：another pencil. 3、any other 指除去本身以外的“任何其他的人或物”，后面要用名詞的單數(shù)形式。26) look 短語常見的look短語有以下這些：1.look at 朝.看Please look at the map of China.請(qǐng)看中國地圖。(look at=have a look at)2.look for 尋找The old man is looking for his dog.老人在尋找他的狗。3.look like 看起來像Nancy looks like her mother.南?？雌饋硐袼赣H。4.look the same 看上去一樣Li Ping and Li Jing look the same.李萍和李晶看上去一樣。5.look up 查找Please look up the word in the dictionary.請(qǐng)?jiān)谠~典中查找這個(gè)單詞。6.look over 仔細(xì)檢查The doctor looked over Mary carefully.醫(yī)生仔細(xì)檢查了瑪麗。7.look after 照顧，照看You must look after your old father.你必須照顧你的老父親。8.look around 到處尋找、查看We looked around, but we found nothing strange.我們四處查看，但是我們沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)奇怪的東西。27) too，also與either1.too用于肯定句和疑問句，一般放在句尾，其前常加逗號(hào)。如：We are in the same school, too.我們也在相同的學(xué)校。Do you play soccer every day, too?你也每天踢足球嗎？2.also用于肯定句和疑問句，一般位于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前、be動(dòng)詞后。如：Sandra is also a Korean student.Sandra 也是一個(gè)韓國學(xué)生。3.either用于否定句，一般放在句末。如：They don't know the answer, either.她們也不知道答案。4.as well as也有“也”的意思。如：We have great mushroom pizza as well as soda.He is a happy boy as well.28) hard與hardly1.hard既可作形容詞，也可作副詞。如：It's a hard(adj.) question. (=difficult)這是一個(gè)難的問題。The boy studies very hard(adv.).那男孩學(xué)習(xí)非常努力。句子結(jié)構(gòu)：It's hard for sb to do sth 做某事對(duì)某人來說是難的。如：It's hard for him to finish the work. 完成那項(xiàng)工作對(duì)他來說很難。注意區(qū)分：hard work 困難的工作work hard 努力工作2.hardly是頻度副詞，表示否定的意思。（=almost not）通常用在形容詞、副詞和動(dòng)詞之前。如：I can hardly see it.我?guī)缀蹩床坏剿?9) sometime,sometimes,some time與some times1.sometime是時(shí)間副詞，指不確定的將來或過去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間（某時(shí)候或任何時(shí)候），不指一段時(shí)間。如：We'll go to Beijing sometime next month.我們下個(gè)月某一時(shí)候會(huì)去北京。2.sometimes是頻度副詞，指“有時(shí)”、“不時(shí)”的意思（=at times）。如：Sometimes I get up very late on Sunday morning.有時(shí)候我在星期天早晨起得很晚。3.some time是名詞詞組，指一段時(shí)間（一些時(shí)間或若干時(shí)間）。如：It took him some time to finish the book.她花了一些時(shí)間去完成作業(yè)。4.some times指“幾次”。如：He met the woman some times last month.上個(gè)月他見過那婦女幾次。30) exercise的一些用法1.作不及物動(dòng)詞，譯為“運(yùn)動(dòng)，鍛煉”。如：David exercises every morning.大衛(wèi)每天早晨進(jìn)行鍛煉。2.作及物動(dòng)詞，譯為“訓(xùn)練”。如：Swimming exercises the whole body.游泳能使身體得到全面的鍛煉。3.作名詞，譯為“體育鍛煉、運(yùn)動(dòng)、體操、練習(xí)題”等。如：It's good to do eye exercises every day.每天做眼保鍵操對(duì)眼睛有好處。Please do more exercise from now on.從今以后請(qǐng)多做運(yùn)動(dòng)吧。I have lots of homework to do tonight.今晚我有很多的作業(yè)要做。4.注意：exercise指具體運(yùn)動(dòng)或體操時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)形式為exercises；泛指運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞。31) maybe與may be1.maybe是副詞，譯為“也許、可能”，相當(dāng)于“perhaps”。如：Maybe he can answer the question.也許他能回答那個(gè)問題。He maybe is from the USA, too.他可能也來自美國。2.may be中的may為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，譯為“可能是.”。如：He may be from the USA, too.他可能也來自美國。She may be our English teacher.她可能是我們的英語老師。32) same與different1.same指“相同的”，前面通常要有一個(gè)定冠詞the，但是如果same前面已經(jīng)有this，those等詞，就不能再與the連用了。如：We are in the same class.我們?cè)谕粋€(gè)班級(jí)。結(jié)構(gòu)：the same as與.一樣如：His mark is the same as mine.他的分?jǐn)?shù)和我的分?jǐn)?shù)一樣。2.different譯為“不同的”，其后的可數(shù)名詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：We are in different classes.我們?cè)诓煌陌嗉?jí)。結(jié)構(gòu)：be different from與.不同如：This sweater is different from that one.這件毛衣與那一件不同。different的名詞形式為difference, 復(fù)數(shù)形式為differences。33) 動(dòng)詞want的用法1.want sth. 想要某物They want some help.他們需要一些幫助。2.want sb. to do sth. 想要某人去做某事My father wants me to help him on the farm.我父親要我在農(nóng)場(chǎng)上幫他。3.want to do sth. 想要做某事I want to study English in England.我想要在英國學(xué)習(xí)英語。4.want doing 需要.Your sweater wants washing.你的運(yùn)動(dòng)衣該洗了。34) be good(bad) for、be good at的相關(guān)用法1.be good for 對(duì).有益Doing morning exercises is good for your health.做早操對(duì)你們的建康有益。2.be good at 擅長于.Li Ping is good at basketball.李平擅長于籃球。= Li Ping is good at playing basketball.李平擅長于打籃球。be good at = do well in 如：I'm good at math. = I do well in math.我擅長于數(shù)學(xué)。3.be good to 對(duì).好Parents are always good to their children.父母親總是對(duì)他們的孩子好。35) how many與how much1.how many表示“多少”，對(duì)數(shù)量提問，后面接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：There are four people in my family.-How many people are in your family?   你家里有幾個(gè)人？We have seven classes every day.-How many classes do you have every day?   你們每天上幾節(jié)課？2.how much也是表示“多少”，但它對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞進(jìn)行提問。如：There is some milk in the bottle.-How much milk is there in the bottle?   瓶子里有多少牛奶？3.how much還可以對(duì)價(jià)格提問，表示“多少錢”的意思。如：The yellow T-shirt is only 35 yuan.-How much is the yellow T-shirt?   那件黃色的T恤衫多少錢？36) with的幾個(gè)用法1.with表“和、同、與”。如：Can you go to the park with me?你能和我一起去公園嗎？2.with表“用、以、被”。如：Don't write with the red pen.不要用那支紅色的鋼筆寫字。3.with表“隨著”。如：Climate varies with the time of the year.氣候隨著時(shí)令的不同而不同。4.with表“帶有、有.的”。如：The girl with long hair is my classmate.長頭發(fā)的女孩是我的同學(xué)。5.with表“因?yàn)椤⒂捎凇?。如：They were angry with hard work.他們因?yàn)槠D難的工作而生氣。6.一些with結(jié)構(gòu)：play with與.一起玩be angry with對(duì).生氣talk with與.交談get on well with與.相處融洽37) a lot of(lots of)與many,much1.a lot of意為“許多、大量”。相當(dāng)于lots of。它既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞，又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如：I have a lot of friends in China.我在中國有很多朋友。The old man has lots of money.那位老人有很多的錢。2.many意為“許多”。它用來修飾可數(shù)名詞。如：Do you have many beautiful skirts?你有很多漂亮的裙子嗎？3.much意為“大量”。它用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如：There is much water in the lake.湖里有大量的水。4.a lot of（=lots of）用在肯定句中，而many，much不受限制。如果將一個(gè)含有a lot of（=lots of）的肯定句改為否定句或疑問句，要將它們改為many或much。如：We can see a lot of birds in the tree.-We can't see many birds in the tree.   我們?cè)跇渖峡床坏胶芏帏B兒。He wants lots of soda.-Does he want much soda?   他需要許多汽水嗎？38) help用法舉例help既可以作名詞，也可以作動(dòng)詞。1.help作名詞，意為“幫助”。如：He needs some help.他需要一些幫助。2.help作動(dòng)詞，也是“幫助”的意思。如：Can you help me?你能幫幫我嗎？3.help的結(jié)構(gòu)：help sb (to) do sth幫助某人做某事=help sb with sth幫助某人做某事如：They want to help the boy carry the heavy box.=They want to help the boy with the heavy box.他們想要幫助那位男孩搬那個(gè)重箱子。39) well的用法well可以作副詞，也可以作形容詞。1.well作副詞，意為“（某事干得）好”。如：The boy draws very well.男孩畫得很好。2.well作形容詞，意為“健康、安好”。如：I'm not feeling well.我覺得不舒服。40) ago與beforeago與before都表示“.以前”，但用法有所區(qū)別。1.ago意為“以前”，表示從此刻算起的若干時(shí)間之前，常用于過去時(shí)的句子中。如：He took a photo a week ago.他一周前照了一張相片。2.before作為副詞時(shí)表示：a.從過去某一時(shí)刻算起的若干時(shí)間以前，用于過去完成時(shí)的句子中。如：The boy had already seen the comedy before.那男孩以前已經(jīng)看過那部喜劇片了。b.籠統(tǒng)的“以前”，用于一般過去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子中，一般單獨(dú)使用，而ago不可以單獨(dú)使用。如：He's read this novel before.他以前讀過這部小說。41) need的用法1.need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，意為“需要”。如：Do you need to stay at home?你要呆在家里嗎？2.need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，一般用于對(duì)must的否定回答。如：-Must he leave now?他必須離開嗎？-No, he needn't.不，他不必。