第十五講：非謂語動詞動名詞教學(xué)重點：掌握動名詞這一語法知識。了解這一語法知識在高考中的應(yīng)用。命題趨勢：動名詞的考點依次為作賓語，作主語，作定語，作表語。一些固定的基本知識應(yīng)記牢。知識點回顧在句子中充當(dāng)除謂語以外的句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞分為三種形式：不定式，動名詞，和分詞（分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）。動名詞1.動名詞簡述：動名詞是三種非謂語動詞的一種。由動詞+ing構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞的形式相同。動名詞在句中可以作主語、賓語（介詞賓語和動賓）和表語，還可以作定語。同時，動名詞仍然具有動詞的若干特點，它可以有自己的賓語和狀語。2.動名詞在句中所能充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑褐髡Z賓語表語定語狀語補語動名詞2.1動名詞作主語Talking mends no holes.空談無濟于事。Seeing is believing.眼見為實。Having done the work is an experience youll never forget.做過這種工作，就會使你永生難忘。注意：動名詞作主語時，謂語動詞一律用單數(shù)。（詳見上三例）2.1.1用It作形式主語用動名詞作主語時，和動詞不定式一樣，有時也用It作形式主語。It is no use (useless) talking too much. = Talking too much is no use (useless).It is no good crying.= Crying is no good.It trains the ear listening to music. = Listening to music trains the ear.2.1.2在there be句型中只能用動名詞作主語（不用不定式）There is no + -ing. （.是不可能的）= It is impossible to.= No one can.There is no telling what will happen.= It is impossible to tell what will happen.= No one can tell what will happen.無法預(yù)言將會發(fā)生什么事情。There is no getting along with him.= It is difficult to get along with him.他這個人很難相處。2.2動名詞作表語His hobby is painting.What he likes best is making jokes.動名詞作表語時，一般表示比較抽象的習(xí)慣動作，表語和主語常?？梢曰Q。His hobby is painting.Painting is his hobby.What he likes best is making jokes.Making jokes is what he likes best.One of his bad habits is not speaking clearly.Not speaking clearly is one of his bad habits.2.3動名詞和不定式在句中做主語和表語的區(qū)別2.3.1一般情況下兩者區(qū)別不大，有時可以通用。Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe.It is dangerous playing with explosives. = It is dangerous to play with explosives.2.3.2有時，動名詞和不定式也有區(qū)別，主要表現(xiàn)在動名詞所表示的動作比較抽象，或者是習(xí)慣性的，而不定式多表示某次比較具體的動作，特別是將來的動作。His hobby is painting.In summer what he wants to do is to paint.2.4動名詞作賓語Our monitor suggested having a discussion of this subject.The rain prevented us from going out.2.4.1只能用動名詞作賓語的動詞有：admit承認，appreciate感激，贊賞，avoid避免，complete完成，consider考慮，delay耽誤，deny否認，detest討厭，endure忍受，enjoy喜歡，escape逃脫，prevent阻止，fancy想象，finish完成，imagine想象，mind介意，miss錯過，postpone推遲，practise訓(xùn)練，recall回憶，resent討厭，resist抵抗，resume繼續(xù)，risk冒險，suggest建議，face面對，include包括，stand忍受，understand理解，forgive寬恕，keep繼續(xù)例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.2.4.2只能用動名詞作賓語的詞組有：admit to承認，add to加上，be (get) used to習(xí)慣于，be accustomed to習(xí)慣于，be tired of厭煩，be fond of喜歡，be capable of有的能力，be afraid of為而害怕，be proud of為自豪，驕傲，be successful in在成功，be good at擅長于，be interested in對.感興趣，be engaged in從事于.，be busy with忙于，be sentenced to宣判，burst out突然，cant help禁不住，come to談到，confess to承認，count on / upon依靠，信賴，devote oneself to把貢獻給，dream of夢想，depend on依靠，excusefor為而原諒，feel like愿意做什么，give up放棄，hold off推遲，insist on堅持，Its worth值得，Its no use / good沒有用/不好，無益keep on堅持，know of對了解，look forward to期盼，盼望，lead to導(dǎo)致，object to反對，put off推遲，preventfrom阻止免受，pay attention to注意，preferto比起更，stick to堅持，set about著手去做，think of / about想到/考慮There be句型中動名詞的使用。There is no need use harm + (in) doing hurry例如：When I heard his voice, I couldnt help thinking of my father.Youd better put off having the meeting till next month.2.4.3動名詞和不定式作賓語，有以下區(qū)別：常見于like, hate, learn, prefer, love這些動詞I like skating. But I dont like to skate today.我喜歡滑冰，但是我今天不想去滑冰。（like skating是指一貫的，習(xí)慣性的愛好，而like to skate是暫時的動作）The girl has learned to cook.這個小姑娘已經(jīng)學(xué)會做飯了。The girl has learned cooking.這個小姑娘學(xué)過做飯。learn to do表示學(xué)會做某事learn doing表示曾學(xué)過2.4.4下列詞組中，動名詞和不定式都可以作賓語，但區(qū)別很大：（1）stop doing / to dostop to do停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。stop doing 停止做某事。（2）forget doing / to doforget to do忘記要去做某事。（未做）forget doing 忘記做過某事。（已做）（3）remember doing / to doremember to do記得去做某事（未做）remember doing記得做過某事（已做）（4）regret doing / to doregret to do對要做的事遺憾。（未做）regret doing 對做過的事遺憾、后悔。（已做）（5）cease doing / to docease to do 長時間，甚至永遠停做某事。cease doing 短時停止做某事，以后還會接著做。（6）try doing / to dotry to do 努力，企圖做某事。try doing 試驗，試著做某事。（7）go on doing / to dogo on to do 做了一件事后，接著做另一件事。go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來做的事。（8）be afraid of doing / to dobe afraid to do 不敢，膽怯去做某事，是主觀上的原因不去做，意為“怕”。be afraid of doing擔(dān)心出現(xiàn)doing的狀況、結(jié)果。doing是客觀上造成的，意為生怕，恐怕。（9）be interested in doing / to dobe interested to do 對做某事感興趣，想了解某事。be interested in doing 對某種想法感興趣，doing通常為想法。（10）mean doing / to domean to do 打算去做某事mean doing 意味著某事（11）begin (start) doing / to dobegin / start to do sthbegin / start doing sth（12）learn to do / doinglearn to do表示學(xué)會做某事learn doing表示曾學(xué)過2.5動名詞作定語例如：drinking water飲用水walking stick手杖smoking room吸煙室動名詞作定語一般表示所修飾詞的用途2.6動名詞定語和不定式定語的區(qū)別2.6.1動名詞定語在它所修飾詞的前面，而不定式定語要放在它所修飾詞的后面。The swimming pool belongs to our school.I have something important to do.2.6.2動名詞定語表示所修飾詞的用途或使用目的，而不定式定語表示的動作性較強，所修飾詞往往是不定式的承受者（邏輯賓語）。He wants to improve his teaching method.Do you have anything to say?3.動名詞的否定式和動名詞短語3.1動名詞的否定式：not + 動名詞I must apologize not letting you know ahead of time.His not getting to the station on the time makes everyone worried.3.2動名詞短語物主代詞/名詞的所有格 + 動名詞此時物主代詞和名詞的所有格是這個動名詞的邏輯主語，動名詞短語可以作主語、表語和賓語（動詞賓語和介詞賓語）Li Mings being late made his teacher very angry.I think the big problem is their not having enough time.Do you mind my leaving now?4.動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)4.1動名詞的時態(tài)4.1.1動名詞的一般式表示泛指的一般性動作，即動作發(fā)生的時間并不明確；或者動名詞所表示的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生或在它的動作之后發(fā)生。Im looking forward to seeing you soon.4.1.2動名詞的完成式所表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生。You regret not having taken the doctors advice, do you?Thank you for having helped me so much.4.2動名詞的語態(tài)4.2.1動名詞被動語態(tài)當(dāng)動名詞邏輯上的主語是動名詞所表示的動作的對象時，動名詞一般要用它的被動式。The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.Before being used, the machine must be checked.4.2.2動名詞的主動形式代替被動形式主語（通常是物） + want need require（需要） + doing（動名詞的主動形式） deserve（值得）=主語 + want/ need/ require/ deserve to be done（不定式的被動形式）The radio wants (needs, requires) repairing.=The radio wants (needs, requires) to be repaired.另外：主語 + be worth doing = 主語 + be worthy + to be done/ of being done.The book is worth reading again.=The book is worthy to be read.=The book is worthy of being read.5教學(xué)d