第二部分第二部分 專(zhuān)項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法高效突破專(zhuān)項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法高效突破專(zhuān)項(xiàng)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)9 9 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞高頻考點(diǎn)精講考點(diǎn)1 1 動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi) 1.1.系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須和表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)部分，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征或身份等。類(lèi)別功能例詞表示狀態(tài)的系動(dòng)詞 表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài) be表示持續(xù)的系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持某種身份或狀態(tài)keep，remain，stay，stand，lie表示感官的系動(dòng)詞 表示人體感官的系動(dòng)詞look，feel，smell，taste，sound表示狀態(tài)變化的系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)從一種狀態(tài)變換到另一種狀態(tài)become，get，go，grow，turn2.2.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞分類(lèi)用法例詞例句及物動(dòng)詞后面必須跟賓語(yǔ)意義才完整，常用于三種句型：(1)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)賓語(yǔ)；(2)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；(3)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)ask,need，want,have，teach,makeHe reached China the day before yesterday.他前天到的中國(guó)。They asked me to go swimming with them.他們讓我和他們一起去游泳。I will return him the ruler.我準(zhǔn)備把尺子還給他。不及物動(dòng)詞意義完整，其后不必跟賓語(yǔ)；若跟賓語(yǔ)，則不及物動(dòng)詞需要與適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~連用come，go，run，travel，listen，swim，live,workMary is swimming.瑪麗正在游泳。Look at the blackboard.看黑板。Listen to music.聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。3 3助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞本身沒(méi)有詞義，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，只能和別的動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣等特征，幫助構(gòu)成否定、疑問(wèn)、強(qiáng)調(diào)、省略等結(jié)構(gòu)。主要的助動(dòng)詞有be,do,have,shall,will等。分類(lèi)用法例句beam/is/are動(dòng)詞ing形式現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；was/were動(dòng)詞ing形式過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)；be過(guò)去分詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)The boy is playing basketball now.這個(gè)男孩現(xiàn)在在打籃球。The students were reading English when the teacher came in.當(dāng)老師進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候，學(xué)生們?cè)谧x英語(yǔ)。Chinese is spoken by most of people in the world.世界上大多數(shù)人說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)。do形式有do,does,did,用于構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句和否定句，或用在動(dòng)詞前加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣Do you come from Japan？你來(lái)自日本嗎？He doesnt like music at all.他根本不喜歡音樂(lè)。havehave/has過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；had過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去完成時(shí)；have/has been動(dòng)詞ing形式現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)He has lived here for ten years.他住在這里已經(jīng)10年了。By the time I arrived at the bus stop,the bus had left.當(dāng)我到達(dá)汽車(chē)站的時(shí)候，汽車(chē)已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了。will/shallwill/shall動(dòng)詞原形一般將來(lái)時(shí)；would/should動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)Shall we go fishing tomorrow？我們明天去釣魚(yú)好嗎？You should lie down and rest.你應(yīng)該躺下休息?？键c(diǎn)2 2 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有一定的詞義，但它本身并不表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，而僅僅是表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度，在句中和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例句can表示能力，意為“能，會(huì)”He can speak English well.他英語(yǔ)講得很好。表示推測(cè)，意為“可能”。常用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句She cant be at home now.她現(xiàn)在不可能在家。表示請(qǐng)求、允許，意為“可以”Can I borrow your bike？我可以借你的自行車(chē)嗎？couldcan的過(guò)去式，意為“能，會(huì)”。表示過(guò)去的能力Tom could play the piano well when he was young.湯姆小時(shí)候鋼琴?gòu)椀梅浅：?。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例句must表示主觀看法，意為“必須，應(yīng)該”You must finish your homework first.你必須先完成你的家庭作業(yè)。表示有把握的推測(cè)，用于肯定句，表示“一定”The book must be Marys because her name was on it.這本書(shū)一定是瑪麗的，因?yàn)闀?shū)上有她的名字。should 意為“應(yīng)該”，表示要求和命令，也可以表示勸告或建議We should keep the air fresh.我們應(yīng)該保持空氣清新。may表示請(qǐng)求、許可，意為“可以”You may sit here if you want.如果你想的話，你可以坐在這兒。表示推測(cè)，常用于肯定句中，意為“可能，也許”She may come back tomorrow，but I am not sure.她可能明天回來(lái)，但是我不確定。mightmay的過(guò)去式He asked if he might go home.他問(wèn)他是否可以回家了。表示請(qǐng)求、許可，語(yǔ)氣比may更委婉Might I smoke here？我可以在這里吸煙嗎？need表示需要、必須，主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中You neednt say sorry to him.你不需要對(duì)他說(shuō)對(duì)不起?？键c(diǎn)3 3 動(dòng)詞辨析 1.1.語(yǔ)境辨析語(yǔ)境辨析 近幾年濱州中考對(duì)動(dòng)詞的考查主要為語(yǔ)境辨析，需要學(xué)生通過(guò)閱讀題干辨別選項(xiàng)的不同意思，再結(jié)合常識(shí)選出正確的選項(xiàng)。2 2近義詞辨析近義詞辨析近義詞辨析在濱州近幾年的中考中沒(méi)有涉及到，但是在寫(xiě)作中常常面臨選詞的難題，所以掌握常見(jiàn)的近義詞的用法是很有必要的。常見(jiàn)的易混近義詞如下：(1)arrive，reach 與get 見(jiàn)第3講高頻考點(diǎn)精講考點(diǎn)2(2)wear，dress，put on與be in見(jiàn)第3講高頻考點(diǎn)精講考點(diǎn)3(3)raise與rise見(jiàn)第9講高頻考點(diǎn)精講考點(diǎn)6(4)fix，repair與mend見(jiàn)第9講高頻考點(diǎn)精講考點(diǎn)6(5)borrow，lend與keep見(jiàn)第9講高頻考點(diǎn)精講考點(diǎn)9(6)discover，invent與create見(jiàn)P第13講高頻考點(diǎn)精講考點(diǎn)3考點(diǎn)4 4 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞的一種固定搭配形式，常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)有：1動(dòng)詞介詞(賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后)；2動(dòng)詞副詞(賓語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)，位于副詞前后皆可；賓語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，則只能位于動(dòng)詞和副詞之間)；3動(dòng)詞副詞介詞(賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后)；4動(dòng)詞名詞介詞(賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后)。十年真題十年真題全練近幾年濱州中考試題對(duì)動(dòng)詞的考查主要涉及動(dòng)詞的詞義辨析、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)(動(dòng)介結(jié)構(gòu)和動(dòng)副結(jié)構(gòu))和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用試題中側(cè)重對(duì)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的考查。完形填空中涉及到實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的辨析。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也是濱州中考的考點(diǎn)，主要考查其基本用法和詞義辨析，同時(shí)還涉及到情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的運(yùn)用。預(yù)計(jì)2018年中考中，完形填空和選擇填空仍將考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析、固定短語(yǔ)及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞?？键c(diǎn)1 1 動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi) 1.2015濱州，28題Mom is making dinner.It _A_ so nice!Asmells Btastes Cfeels Dsounds22016濱州，30題Im sorry I _C_ my exercise book at home this morning.It doesnt matter.Dont forget _ it here this afternoon.Aleft；to take Bforgot；bringingCleft；to bring Dforgot；to bring考點(diǎn)2 2 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 3.2008濱州，21題Whose notebook is this?It _B_ be Carlas.It has her name on it.Amight Bmust Cshouldnt Dcant42009濱州，35題Must I finish my homework today?No,you _C_.You may finish it tomorrow.Amustnt Bshouldnt Cneednt Dcouldnt52010濱州，30題You dont look well,Don!Youd better see your doctor.I _D_，but he said there was nothing wrong.Awill Bwould Chad Dhave62012 濱州，25題Must I _ wait for you here?No,you _D_Adont Bcant Cmustnt Dneednt72014濱州，28題Must we take out the trash now?_D_You can do it after class.AYes，you must BNo，you cantCYes，you may DNo，you neednt82015濱州，30題Look!The man at the gate _A_ be our headmaster.He is always standing there every morning.No,it _ be him.He is holding a meeting in the office now.Amust；cant Bmust；mustntCcant；cant Dcant；mustnt92016濱州，31題Must I go to law school and be a lawyer like you,Dad?No,you _D_.Youre free to make your own decision.Acant BmustntCshouldnt Dneednt102017濱州，31題Could I invite my friends to the party on Saturday,Mom?Of course you _D_.That sounds like fun.Amay Bcould Cmust Dcan考點(diǎn)3 3 動(dòng)詞辨析 11.2011濱州，29題Shall we go and _A_ hello to the foreign teachers?Good idea!Lets go.Asay Bspeak Ctalk Dshout122017濱州，30題As a teacher,I really feel worried to see so many students _A_ glasses.Awearing BdressingCputting on Dbeing in考點(diǎn)4 4 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) 13.2008濱州，19題The boy has been _C_ his parents for years because they are both disabled.Ataking after Btaking pride inCtaking care of Dtaking an interest in142009濱州，27題My little dog is lost.All of my friends are helping me to _D_ it.Alook at Blook afterClook like Dlook for152010濱州，32題I felt it hard to keep up with my classmates.But whenever I want to _B_，my teacher always encourages me to work harder.Ago on Bgive upCrun away Dgive back162011濱州，32題The sweater is very nice.Ill take it.But youd better _D_ first.I think it is a little large for you.Apay for it Bput it onCput it off Dtry it on172013濱州，25題Diaoyu Island belongs to China.Surely it does!We Chinese will never _C_ it up.Acut Bfix Cgive Dset182013濱州，32題So many problems!Im tired.You should try to _D_ them by yourself.You are not a child any longer.Aget into Bget offCget on Dget over192014濱州，33題Smoking is bad for your health.Youd better _B_Aset it up Bgive it upCpick it up Dlook it up202015濱州，31題Susan _C_ her friends invitation because of an important meeting.Atook down Bput downCturned down Dwrote down212016濱州，33題We cant _D_ making a plan.Cleanup Day is only two weeks from now.Yes,I think so.Aput on Bput up Cput out Dput off222017濱州，33題Dont _B_ hope.Everything will be over soon.Yes.We should learn to be brave when we are in trouble.Aturn up Bgive up Cclean up Dtake up猜押預(yù)測(cè)1Lao Shes Teahouse _A_ the changes in Chinese society over fifty years.Adescribes BimprovesCprepares Dcorrects2How much is the dress?It _A_ me 400 yuan.Acost Bspent Ctook Dpaid3The government is taking action to _A_ air pollution.Acut down Bcut upCcut out Dcut off4My sister has a toothache.Shed better _B_Adrink water with honeyBsee a dentistCtake a showerDget an xray5The girl in the library _C_ be Jane.She has gone to Beijing.Amay Bmust Ccant Dneednt6The book _D_ be Marys.Her name is on it.Acan Bcant Cneednt Dmust7To keep children safe,we _B_ put the things like knives and medicine away in our house.Amay Bshould Ccan Dmight8What will the weather be like tomorrow?It _D_ be rainy,cloudy or sunny.Im not sure.Amust Bshould Ccant Dmight9_B_ I park my car here for a while?No,you mustnt.Do you see the sign“NO PARKING”？AWould BMay CMust DShould10The bus is coming.Oh,my God!Its full.Im afraid we cant _B_ it.Aget up Bget on Cget off Dget to11The boy likes planes very much and he often goes to see planes land and _B_Atake care of Btake offCtake after Dtake down