第二部分第二部分 專項(xiàng)語法高效突破專項(xiàng)語法高效突破專項(xiàng)專項(xiàng)6 6 數(shù)詞數(shù)詞高頻考點(diǎn)精講考點(diǎn)1 1 基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成及用法一、基數(shù)詞一、基數(shù)詞1基數(shù)詞的讀法(構(gòu)成)基數(shù)詞規(guī)則例詞112各自獨(dú)立one；two；three；four；five；six；seven；eight；nine；ten；eleven；twelve1319詞尾加teenthirteen；fourteen；fifteen；sixteen；seventeen；eighteen；nineteen幾十的表達(dá)法 詞尾加tytwenty；thirty；forty；fifty；sixty；seventy；eighty；ninety2199在十位與個(gè)位之間加連字符構(gòu)成21讀作 twentyone；99讀作 ninetynine101999先說幾百，再加and，再加末尾兩位數(shù)或個(gè)位數(shù)101讀作 one hundred and one；238讀作 two hundred and thirtyeight1000以上的數(shù)將數(shù)字從右往左數(shù)，每三位數(shù)用一個(gè)逗號(hào)隔開，從右往左第一個(gè)逗號(hào)表示“千”讀thousand；第二個(gè)逗號(hào)表示“百萬”讀million；第三個(gè)逗號(hào)表示“十億”讀billion18，657，421讀作 eighteen million,six hundred and fiftyseven thousand,four hundred and twentyone 2.基數(shù)詞的用法表示數(shù)量多少。如：There are four people in my family.在我家里有四口人。表示時(shí)刻。直接讀法：先讀小時(shí)，后讀分鐘。如：3：25讀作 three twentyfive。間接讀法：a)30分鐘：分鐘 past 小時(shí)。如：3:25 讀作twentyfive past three;3：30 讀作half past three；3：15 讀作a quarter past three。b)30分鐘：(60分鐘)to (小時(shí)數(shù)1)。如：3：55讀作five to four；3：45 讀作a quarter to four。表示年(月)份和年齡。如：He was born in March,2004.他出生于2004年3月份。She is fifteen years old.她15歲了。表示編號(hào)(順序)。如：Unit 12第12單元；Page 5第5頁；Room 203203號(hào)房間。表示年代。如：in the 1940s/1940s(讀作in the nineteen forties)在20世紀(jì)40年代?！盎鶖?shù)詞連字符單數(shù)名詞(連字符形容詞)”構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞，作定語，用于表示時(shí)間、距離等。如：an eightyearold boy一個(gè)8歲的男孩；tenminute walk(ten minutes walk)10分鐘的路程。“基數(shù)詞more”或“another基數(shù)詞”表示“在原來的基礎(chǔ)上增加數(shù)量”。如：He will stay in China for two more weeks(another two weeks)他將在中國再待兩周。確數(shù)與概數(shù)的表達(dá)法確數(shù)的表達(dá)法：基數(shù)詞 hundred/thousand/million/billion 名詞復(fù)數(shù)。如：three hundred students三百名學(xué)生；two thousand books兩千本書。概數(shù)的表達(dá)法：hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of名詞復(fù)數(shù)。如：thousands of birds 數(shù)以千只鳥；millions of people數(shù)以百萬的人。二二.序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞1構(gòu)成：常在基數(shù)詞后加th構(gòu)成：(1)第一至第十九一般是在基數(shù)詞后加th，但變化特殊的有：onefirst，twosecond，threethird，fivefifth，eighteighth，nineninth，twelvetwelfth。(2)逢十的twenty，thirty.ninety，分別改y為ieth。如：twentytwentieth，ninetyninetieth。(3)表示第幾十幾或第幾百幾十幾，只需將個(gè)位數(shù)改為序數(shù)詞。如：56fiftysixfiftysixth；635six hundred and thirtyfivesix hundred and thirtyfifth?！究谠E】基變序，有規(guī)律，末尾要加th，一二三特殊記，結(jié)尾各是t，d，d，八減t，九去e，f來把ve替，ty改為tie，然后再加th，若是遇到幾十幾，只變個(gè)位就可以。2用法：(1)表示順序。序數(shù)詞表示順序時(shí)，在其前用定冠詞the。如：This is the second time that I have been in London.這是我第二次去倫敦。(2)但若序數(shù)詞前有形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格時(shí)則省略the。如：my first teacher 我的第一位老師。(3)固定短語中的序數(shù)詞前不用冠詞。如：at first起初；first of all首先。(4)某人的第幾個(gè)生日、月份的日期、第幾個(gè)世紀(jì)、分?jǐn)?shù)中的分母都用序數(shù)詞。(5)the序數(shù)詞最高級(jí)名詞單數(shù)其他，表示“第幾大”。如：Peter is the second tallest boy in his class.彼得是班里第二高的男孩。(6)序數(shù)詞前加a/an表示“又一，再一”。如：She wanted a third cake.她想要第三塊蛋糕。(已經(jīng)吃了兩塊了)考點(diǎn)2 2 確切和不確切數(shù)字的表達(dá)方法hundred，thousand，million等數(shù)詞前面有基數(shù)詞或某些表示數(shù)量的形容詞時(shí)，不加s。如：several million people 數(shù)百萬人；two thousand teachers 兩千位老師。但如表示“幾百”“幾千”“幾百萬”等籠統(tǒng)的數(shù)目時(shí)，則應(yīng)用sof構(gòu)成短語。如：hundreds of books 幾百本書；thousands of workers 幾千個(gè)工人?？键c(diǎn)3 3 分?jǐn)?shù)、小數(shù)及百分?jǐn)?shù) 1.分?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞表示，分母用序數(shù)詞表示，當(dāng)分子大于1時(shí)，序數(shù)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。1/2a/one half；1/3a/one third；1/4a/one fourth或a/one quarter；2/5two fifths。2小數(shù)是以基數(shù)詞加小數(shù)點(diǎn)表示，小數(shù)點(diǎn)前面的數(shù)按基數(shù)詞的規(guī)則讀，小數(shù)點(diǎn)后面的數(shù)按個(gè)位基數(shù)詞依次讀出，如：0.5zero point five；0.006zero point zero zero six。3百分?jǐn)?shù)是由基數(shù)詞或小數(shù)加百分號(hào)組成，百分號(hào)(%)讀作percent，如：0.6%zero point six percent；5%five percent。十年真題十年真題全練近五年濱州中考試題對(duì)數(shù)詞的考查形式主要為單詞拼寫，涉及到基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的拼寫；對(duì)于辨析基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞的考查形式一般出現(xiàn)在選擇填空題中，對(duì)不確切數(shù)量詞的考查也往往以選擇填空的形式出現(xiàn)。復(fù)習(xí)數(shù)詞時(shí)，要注意基數(shù)詞時(shí)刻的表達(dá)法、加減法、日期表達(dá)法、分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)法及基數(shù)詞在句中與名詞的搭配等。預(yù)計(jì)2018年濱州中考中仍會(huì)出現(xiàn)對(duì)數(shù)詞的考查，聽力選擇和單詞拼寫題對(duì)數(shù)詞的考查會(huì)以數(shù)字辨音和詞性轉(zhuǎn)換為主。考點(diǎn)1 1 基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成及用法1.2011濱州，25題Now,everybody,please turn to Page _B_ and look at the _ picture.AFifth；five BFive；fifthCFifth；fifth DFive；five22017濱州，23題My grandparents live in an old apartment with _D_ floors and they are on the _ floor.Afifth；three Bfifth；thirdCfive；three Dfive；third考點(diǎn)2 2 確切和不確切數(shù)字的表達(dá)方法 3.2015濱州，32題Two _B_ students _ to the opening ceremony last Friday.Ahundreds;were invitedBhundred;were invitedChundreds of;invitedDhundred of;invited考點(diǎn)3 3 分?jǐn)?shù)、小數(shù)及百分?jǐn)?shù)4.2016濱州，25題What do you think of the environment here?Wonderful！_A_ of the land _ covered with trees and grass.ATwo fifths；is BTwo fifth；isCTwo fifths；are DTwo fifth；are猜押預(yù)測1Jack,_A_ of the apples _ gone bad.Wed better eat up the rest as soon as possible.Aone fifth；have Bone fifth；hasCone fifths；have Dfirst five；has2Mary felt happy to receive some gifts on her _C_ birthday.Atwelve Btwenty Ctwelfth Dnext3This is the _C_ time that I come to Paris.I have been here twice.Afirst Bsecond Cthird Dfourth4When he arrived at the airport，Lu Han found that _C_ fans were waiting for him.Athousand BthousandsCthousands of Dthousand of5There are _C_ tourists visiting the island on May Day every year.Atwo thousands of Btwo thousandsCthousands of Dthousand of6How old is your son?_D_.We had a special party for his _ birthday yesterday.ANine；nine BNinth；nineCNine；the ninth DNine；ninth7We are going on holiday in the _C_ week of July.Atwo Btwice Csecond DsecondlyLife is far more important，isnt it?Ahalf Bone thirdCtwo thirds Dthree quarters8_A_ birds have come back because the environment here becomes better and better.AThousands of BThousand ofCThousands DThousand9_D_ of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass.AFifth two BTwo fifthCFifth second DTwo fifths10A recent survey shows that 35 out of 45 students in my class will save their phones first in a fire.About _D_ of the students made such a choice?Life is far more important，isnt it?Ahalf Bone thirdCtwo thirds Dthree quarters