第二部分第二部分 專項(xiàng)語法專項(xiàng)語法 高效突破高效突破專項(xiàng)專項(xiàng)1212非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞 非謂語動(dòng)詞在句子中不可以單獨(dú)用作謂語，也不受主語人稱和數(shù)的限制，在句子中可以用作其他句子成分。非謂語動(dòng)詞有三種形式：動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞。高頻考點(diǎn)高頻考點(diǎn)精講精講1.形容詞語法功能1.動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成：肯定結(jié)構(gòu)：(to)動(dòng)詞原形否定結(jié)構(gòu)：not(to)動(dòng)詞原形2動(dòng)詞不定式的用法考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1 1 動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式功能說明例句主語不定式作主語時(shí)，常常用it作形式主語，而把不定式放在后面To speak English is not easy for us.It is not easy for us to speak English.講英語對(duì)我們來說不容易。表語多數(shù)情況下，不定式作表語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為作主語My work is to clean the room every day.To clean the room every day is my work.我的工作就是每天打掃這間屋子。賓語只能作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語，一般不作介詞的賓語What sports does he like to play？他喜歡做什么運(yùn)動(dòng)？He likes to play basketball.他喜歡打籃球。賓補(bǔ)在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官動(dòng)詞后，不定式省略toMy mother made me play the piano all the time.我媽媽讓我一直彈鋼琴。定語不定式作定語，要放在所修飾詞的后面Have you got anything to say？你有要說的嗎？狀語不定式作狀語，其邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致Im sorry to trouble you.(表原因)很抱歉，給你添麻煩了。I went to the library to study English.(表目的)我去圖書館學(xué)英語了?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn)2 2 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞1.動(dòng)名詞的構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞一般由“動(dòng)詞原形ing”構(gòu)成。2動(dòng)名詞的句法功能功能說明例句主語謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多對(duì)你的健康有害。賓語動(dòng)詞賓語表示一般的習(xí)慣或抽象行為或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜歡打籃球。介詞賓語Stamps are used for sending letters.郵票是被用來寄信的。表語多數(shù)情況下，動(dòng)名詞作表語可轉(zhuǎn)換成作主語His hobby is collecting stamps.Collecting stamps is his hobby.他的愛好是集郵。定語只表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等。置于所修飾詞之前She is in the reading room.她在閱覽室里。We should improve our teaching methods.我們應(yīng)該改進(jìn)教學(xué)方法?！咀⒁狻坑⒄Z中有一些詞后面常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語：口訣記憶：完成實(shí)踐值得忙(finish，practice，be worth，be busy)；繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄(keep on，be used to，give up)；考慮建議不禁想(consider，suggest，cant help，feel like)；喜歡思念要介意(enjoy，miss，mind)含有介詞to的固定短語：look forward to期盼，盼望；prefer.to.比起更喜歡；be used to.習(xí)慣于。這些后面需要接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞的ing形式作賓語。3.一些動(dòng)詞后接不定式和動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別stop to do sth.停下來去做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事remember to do sth.記住要做某事remember doing sth.記得曾做過某事(動(dòng)作已發(fā)生)forget to do sth.忘記做某事(動(dòng)作未發(fā)生)forget doing sth.忘記做過某事(動(dòng)作已發(fā)生)try to do sth.努力去做某事try doing sth.試著去做某事regret to do sth.對(duì)要做的事感到遺憾(未做)regret doing sth.對(duì)做過的事感到遺憾，后悔(已做)4.一些動(dòng)詞后跟動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別常見動(dòng)詞 跟動(dòng)詞不定式(不帶to)跟現(xiàn)在分詞see，watch，notice，hear，feel，have等表示已經(jīng)完成了的或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作 表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行著 I heard him sing in the classroom.我聽到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”這個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束)I heard him singing in the classroom.我聽到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”這個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)3 3 分詞分詞1.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在分詞：v.ing 過去分詞：v.ed(規(guī)則動(dòng)詞)2分詞的用法句子成分用法例句作定語現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行，有主動(dòng)的含義；過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成，有被動(dòng)的含義The crying boy annoyed us a lot.那個(gè)哭泣的男孩使我們很煩惱。作表語 放在系動(dòng)詞后作表語The story is interesting.I am interested in it.這個(gè)故事很有趣。我對(duì)它很感興趣。作賓語補(bǔ)足語用于補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)He could hear his heart beating fast.他可以聽見自己的心臟跳得很快。I want to have my hair cut.我想要剪頭發(fā)。作狀語通常表示主語正在進(jìn)行的另一動(dòng)作，來對(duì)主語的主要?jiǎng)幼骷右孕揎桰 got home，feeling very tired.我疲憊地回到家里。十年真題十年真題全練全練 近十年來，臨沂中考對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查形式以單項(xiàng)填空和動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用兩種題型為主，考查內(nèi)容多以動(dòng)詞不定式的用法為主。在2018年臨沂中考中，單項(xiàng)填空和動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用中將會(huì)有1至3道題考查動(dòng)詞不定式的用法?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1 1 動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式1.2017臨沂，22Doctors in the town are using the books _their studies and treat patients.Acontinue Bto continue Ccontinuing Dcontinues22017臨沂，26Cindys grandmother is learning_the new mobile phone.Ause Buses Cused Dto useBD32016臨沂，26These people dress themselves in bloody shark suits.They tell people _ shark fins in order to protect sharks.Aeat Bto eat Cnot eat Dnot to eat42015臨沂，23What happens when you hear a strange noise at night，or find a big spider in the corner of your bedroom?It often makes us_Ajump Bto jump Cjumping Djumped52014臨沂，16Mike went to the library _ some books yesterday.Aborrow Bto borrow Cborrows DborrowedDAB62013臨沂，31My parents often tell me _too much junk food because its bad for my health.Anot eating Bnot to eat Ceating Dto eat72012臨沂，27China plans to let tourists _ the Xisha islands in the South China Sea this year.Avisit Bvisits Cvisiting Dvisited82011臨沂，27If prices rise too high，the government has to do something _ it.Astop Bstopped Cstopping Dto stop92009臨沂，33Doctors tell people_their hands often and to stay home if they feel ill.Ato wash Bwashes Cwash DwashingBADA考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)2 2 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞10.2017臨沂，23When President Xi Jinping has spare time，he enjoys_and sports.Aread Breads Cto read Dreading112015臨沂，25Thanks to the robots，the human reporters do not have to spend a lot of time_ numbers and information.Aprocessing Bto processCprocessed DprocessDA猜押預(yù)測猜押預(yù)測單項(xiàng)填空1The Smiths have decided _ a house near the sea.Abuy Bbought Cbuying Dto buy2I bought a big box _ books for kids in poor areas.Acollects Bto collectCcollect Dcollected3Our country encourages more students _ football.Now many football clubs have been set up in schools.Aplay Bplaying Cto play Dwill playDBC4After she finished _ the story，Alice wrote a review for her school newspaper.Aread Breads Cto read Dreading5How kind you are!You always do what you can_ others.Ahelp Bhelping Chelps Dto help6My parents dont allow me _ late.Astay up Bto stay upCstays up Dstaying upDDB7Its getting dark now.Why not stop _ home?OK.Lets go.Ago Bgoing Cto go Dgoes8Mount Xiaolei is not far away from here，but it will still take us a few hours _ there by bike.Agetting Bto get Cgot Dget9We advise parents _their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger.Anot to leave Bnot leaveCnot leaving Dto not leave10Our teacher often asks us_time.Anot waste Bdont wasteCnot to waste Ddoesnt wasteCBAC