介詞類單詞、詞組辨析,1. after, behind 【辨析】 (1)after意為“在(時間)之后”， 也可意為“在(地點)之后”，表示次序。 (2)behind后面接表示地點的名詞時，意為“在后面”，著重指位置的前后；偶爾也指時間，表示“按照一定的時刻而遲了”的意思。,【舉例】 He came after ten oclock. 他十點以后來的。 “Against” comes after “again” in this dictionary. 在這本字典中“against”排在“again”之后。 The garden is behind the house. 花園在房子后面。 You are two hours behind. 你遲了兩個小時。,【演練】 ( )1. Two days _ his arrival, I called on him. A. after B. behind C. later D. in ( )2. I walked out and closed the door _ me. A. before B. after C. behind D. outside,A,C,2. after all， above all， in all， all in all， first of all 【辨析】 (1)after all意為“畢竟；終究；到底”，表示一種讓步語氣，通常放句首。 (2)above all意為“首要的是；尤其； 最重要的是”，強(qiáng)調(diào)需要特別注意的地方，通常放句首。 (3)in all意為“總共；合計”，與in total, altogether同義，通常放句中或句尾。,(4)all in all意為“大體而言；總之”，與in a word同義，通常放句首。 (5)first of all意為“首先”，通常放句首。 【舉例】 After all， it is not her fault， so dont blame it on her. 這畢竟不是她的錯，所以不要因此而責(zé)備她。 Above all， we are still friends. 最重要的是，我們?nèi)匀皇桥笥选?24 monkeys in all. They all gathered near this plant. 一共24只猴子。它們都聚集在這棵植物周圍。 All in all， it has been a great success. 總的來說，非常成功。 First of all， you should know what job suits you. 首先，你該知道什么職業(yè)適合你。,【演練】 ( )1. _， hes an excellent teacher. A. All in all B. In the word C. In all D. In a short ( )2. _， the small company has raised 385 million dollars. A. In end B. In all C. Of all D. At all,A,B,( )3. He is sure to come. _， hes already accepted the invitation. A. Above all B. After all C. All in all D. First of all,B,3. ago, before 【辨析】 (1)ago意為“以前”，指從此刻起若干時間以前，通常與過去時連用。 (2)before 意為“以前”，指從那時起若干時間以前，通常與完成時、過去時等連用。before還可用作前置詞或連接詞表時間，而ago則不能這樣用。before可作介詞、副詞或連詞。,【舉例】 It happened two days ago. 這件事發(fā)生在兩天以前。 He said that he had seen her two days before. 他說他兩天前見到過她。(表示從她說話那時起的兩天前) 【演練】 ( )1. I met him a few minutes _. A. before B. front C. ago D. after ( )2. I have seen that film _. A. after B. ago C. before D. since,C,C,4. like，as 【辨析】 兩者都可表示“像一樣”, 但它們的區(qū)別在于：like是介詞，用于名詞、代詞、動名詞之前；as是連詞，用于分句之前。但在口語中，like往往也可用作連詞，并可與as互換。當(dāng)表示職業(yè)、身份、作用等意義時，兩者都作介詞，此時的區(qū)別在于：as 意為“作為”，表示比較的雙方具有同一性(即同屬一類或完全相似)；like意為“像”，只表示在某些方面相似。,【舉例】 Like me, she enjoys all kinds of music. 她和我一樣, 各種音樂都喜愛。 She enjoys all kinds of music, as I do. 她各種音樂都喜愛, 和我一樣。 Nobody understands him like/as I do. 沒有人能像我這樣理解他。(口語中，like也可作連詞。) He worked as a slave. 他是奴隸。(即：他實際上就是奴隸。) He worked like a slave. 他像奴隸一樣工作。(即：他工作很辛苦，但仍是自由人，不是奴隸。),【演練】 ( )1. Do everything _ I do. A. as B. after C. that D. likes ( )2. He _ his mother. A. like B. looks like C. be like D. as,A,B,( )3. She _ a teacher for many years. A. is like B. works C. works as D. work for ( )4. Our doctor always talks to me _ a teacher talking to a child. A. as B. like C. likes D. liking,C,B,5. at the end of， by the end of， in the end 【辨析】 at the end of意為“在的盡頭/末端(可以指時間，也可以指空間)”，其反義詞組是at the beginning of。by the end of意為“到(時間)末”, 多用于完成時。in the end意為“最后；終于”，可單獨使用，后面沒有of，其同義詞(組)為finally， at last。,【舉例】 Who says that well have an exam at the end of this month？ 誰說這個月末我們會舉行考試？ Weve learned about 9, 000 words by the end of this semester. 到這個學(xué)期末為止，我們已學(xué)了大約9，000個單詞。 He tried many times， and in the end， he succeeded. 他嘗試了很多次，最后，他成功了。,【演練】 ( )1. Im sure everything will work out by itself _. A. at the end B. by the end of C. in the end D. in the end of ( )2. Well have an exam _ January. A. in the end B. at the end C. at the end of D. by the end of,C,C,( )3. _ last term we had learned 16 units of Book III. A. By the end of B. In the end C. At the end of D. To the end,A,6. among, between, in the middle of 【辨析】 (1)among意為“在之中/中間”， 指三者或三者以上，通常表示某一范圍。 (2)between意為“在之間”，指在兩者之間，常與and 連用。 (3)in the middle of意為“在中間”，指在某事物中間，強(qiáng)調(diào)事物兩端的中間。,【舉例】 Someone is wrong among us. 我們中間有人錯了。 There is a river between us. 在我們兩人之間有一條河。 Im standing between a house and a big tree. 我站在一座房子和一棵大樹中間。 There is a bus stop in the middle of the road. 在這條公路中間有個公交車站。,【演練】 ( )1. There is a small village _ the three mountains. A. between B. at C. below D. among ( )2. I used to spend a lot of time travelling _ London and Paris. A. from B. among C. in the middle of D. between,D,D,( )3. He is standing _ the classroom. A. among B. between C. in the middle of D. at,C,7. be good for， be good at， be good to， be good with 【辨析】 be good for意為“對有好處”，反義詞組是be bad for，意為“對有壞處”。 be good at (doing)意為“在方面(學(xué)得、做得)好；擅長”，近義詞組是do well in (doing)。be good to意為“對好；對仁慈(和善)”。be good with意為“與相處融洽”，同義短語為get along/on well with。,【舉例】 Sleeping too much is actually bad for your health. 睡得太多對你的身體健康反而不好。 Some of the children are good at learning languages. 其中一些孩子擅長學(xué)習(xí)語言。 Our doorkeeper is good to everyone in the factory. 我們的門衛(wèi)對工廠里每個人都很好。 Try to be good with your new neighbors， thats good for you. 努力與你的新鄰居相處好，那對你有好處。,【演練】 ( )1. Mandy _ English. A. is good for B. is good to C. does well in D. is well at ( )2. To be a teacher in a kindergarten(幼兒園)， first you should learn to be good _ kids. A. of B. with C. at D. for,C,B,( )3. Eating vegetables _ our health. A. are good for B. is good with C. are good at D. is good for ( )4. Was Jim good at _ short stories? A. wrote B. write C. writing D. to write,D,C,8. across， cross, through， past, pass 【辨析】 (1)across， through， past作介詞。across意為“橫跨；橫穿；穿越”，與go/walk等動詞連用表示“穿過；越過；橫穿”的意思，與cross基本同義；across (from)還可以表示“在/到對面”。 through意為“穿過；通過；貫穿；透過”，常與go， walk等動詞連用，主要表示從物體內(nèi)部穿過，如穿過森林、隧道等。past作介詞時，意為“過去；經(jīng)過”；作名詞或形容詞時，意為“過去(的)”。,(2)cross， pass是動詞。cross意為“橫過；交叉”， 主要表示在物體表面上橫穿，如橫過馬路、過橋、過河等，與go across同義。pass意為“經(jīng)過；穿過；渡過”， 相當(dāng)于動詞后面接past， 如go/travel/run past。pass by意為“走過；路過”。,【舉例】 Be careful when you cross (go/walk across) the street. 過馬路時要小心。 As Sam passed (walked past) the museum door， a fire broke out. 當(dāng)山姆經(jīng)過博物館門口時，一場大火爆發(fā)了。,The Great Green Wall is across the northwest of China. 綠色長城橫跨中國西北。 Go across (=Cross) the road， you will find the post office on your left. 橫過這條公路，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)郵局就在你的左邊。 The two friends were walking through the forest. 這兩個朋友正沿著森林走。 After they went past (=passed) the forest， they came to a river. 他們穿過那片樹林后，來到了一條河邊。,【演練】 ( )1. Three months _ and then one morning， Sam found his wallet outside his front door. A. passed B. past C. crossed D. pass ( )2. The river runs _ our city. A. across B. through C. cross D. pass ( )3. Before walking _ the bridge, buy some drinks in the store. A. cross B. across C. through D. crossing,A,B,B,9. except, besides, but, except for, beside 【辨析】 這四個詞里，except和besides是中考重點。 (1)except 表示“除之外(沒有)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)所排除的“不包括在內(nèi)”，一般表示在同類的整體中除去一個部分。 (2)besides表示“除了(還有)”，指在整體中加入一部分，有“加上”之意。,(3)but表示“除之外”，與except的用法基本相同，但著重強(qiáng)調(diào)整句的內(nèi)容，且習(xí)慣置于every/all/ any/nobody/nothing/no/who等詞后面。 (4)except for也表示“除以外”，指對某種基本情況進(jìn)行具體的細(xì)節(jié)方面的修正，其后所接的詞同句子中的整體詞(主語)不是同類的，指從整體中除去一個細(xì)節(jié)、一個方面。 (5)beside是方位介詞，表示 “在旁邊”，相似于near, next to等。,【舉例】 I like all the fruit except pears. 除了梨外，我喜歡所有的水果。 What have you done this morning, besides reading newspapers and watching TV? 除了看報紙和看電視之外，你今天上午還做了些什么？ Nobody was late but her. 除她之外，沒有人遲到。,The film is perfect except for a few shots. 如果除去那幾個鏡頭, 這部影片就很完美了。 They are used to taking a walk on the path beside the river. 他們習(xí)慣于在河邊的小路上散步。 【演練】 ( )1. _ his wife，his daughter also went to see him. A. Besides B. Beside C. But D. Except,A,( )2. Nobody went to see him _ his wife. A. expect B. except C. besides D. except for ( )3. Do you know any other foreign language _ English? A. except B. but C. beside D. besides,B,D,( )4. They all went to see the film except _. A. she B. her C. us D. hers ( )5. I moved from behind my desk to sit _ her. A. besides B. except C. near to D. beside,B,D,10. since, from, for 【辨析】 三者都能用來表示時間，但用法不同。 (1)since 意為“自從”，所表示的是一個時間點。它既可以用作介詞，又可以用作連詞，后接時間名詞或短語，也可以用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。主句的謂語動詞用完成時態(tài)，且為延續(xù)性動詞；而since引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語動詞通常用一般過去時，且為短暫性動詞。,(2)from 意為“自從”， 只用作介詞，表示一個事情的開始點，可用于過去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r態(tài)。 (3)for作介詞，后面接時間段，用于完成時、現(xiàn)在時、過去時和將來時，句中要用延續(xù)性動詞。,【舉例】 He has worked there since 1989. 從1989年起，他就在那里工作了。 She has been living here since she moved here. 自從她搬到這里來以后，她就一直住在這里。 They worked from 7:00 to 12:00 this morning. 他們今天早晨從七點工作到十二點。,Well stay here for ten minutes. 我們將在這兒待10分鐘。 They have studied English for three years. 他們已經(jīng)學(xué)英語三年了。 My aunt has worked in the clinic since nine years ago. 我姑姑從九年前到現(xiàn)在一直在這家診所工作。(注意區(qū)別：My aunt worked in the clinic nine years ago. 我姑姑九年前在這家診所工作。),My aunt has been working in the clinic for nine years. 我姑姑在這家診所工作九年了。(句中的for nine years相當(dāng)于前句中的 since nine years ago。) 【演練】 ( )1. Two weeks has passed since the new term_. A. has begun B. began C. begins D. was begun,B,( )2. I _ Mary since she was a little girl. A. knew B. have known C. know D. began to know ( )3. I have lived here _ more than twenty years ago. A. since B. for C. from D. /,B,A,( )4. Breakfast is available to fishermen _ 6:00 to 7:30 a.m. A. from B. for C. Since D. at ( )5. Theyve been in China _ one and a half years. A. in B. for C. every D. after,A,B,11. in， after， later 【辨析】 三者都含有“在以后”的意思。區(qū)別如下： (1)in作介詞，用來表示從現(xiàn)在算起的“過一段時間以后”，常用于將來時。 (2)after可作介詞，其后既可接時間點，又可接時間段。如果after用于一般將來時，那么其后只接時間點。 (3)later作副詞，可以指過去，也可指將來，常常放在表示時間段的名詞之后。,【舉例】 They will arrive in half an hour. 半小時后他們將到達(dá)。 He started to go again after two days. 兩天以后，他又走了。 At first she was asleep. Half an hour later(After half an hour) she woke up. 開始她睡著了，半小時后醒來了。,【演練】 ( )1. Four days _, they reached the island. A. after B. on C. later D. in ( )2. Well meet him _ two oclock. A. in B. for C. after D. later,C,C,( )3. The 30th Sports Meeting will be held in this city _ about six weeks this year. A. at B. on C. after D. in,D,12. in， on， at 【辨析】 in， on， at后面均可以接時間，表示“在(時候)”。區(qū)別如下： (1)in除了接時間段用在將來時中，還可接年份、季節(jié)、月份等，或者用在一些固定短語當(dāng)中。 (2) on后接具體的一天或者具體一天的上午、下午或晚上，或者用在一些固定短語當(dāng)中。 (3)at后接具體時刻，或者用在一些固定短語當(dāng)中。,【舉例】 in 2008 在2008年； in winter 在冬季； in August， 1938 在1938年8月； in the end 最后；終于；in a minute 立刻；馬上；in time 及時 on August 28th， 1938 在1938年8月28號； on Monday 在星期一；on Christmas Day 在圣誕節(jié)；on a cold， wet morning 在一個寒冷、潮濕的早晨；on Sunday evening 在星期天晚上；on weekends 在周末；on time 準(zhǔn)時,at half past six 在六點半；at midnight 在半夜；at breakfast 在早餐時；at first 首先；at the moment 現(xiàn)在；此時；at that time 在那時；at this time of day 在一天中的這個時候,【演練】 ( )1. When was David born？ He was born _ June 12th, 1989. A. at B. in C. on D. for ( )2. The charity work begins _ 9:00 a.m. Dont be late. No problem. A. in B. at C. on D. to,C,B,( )3. How soon will Rachel come home? _ half a month. A. In B. On C. For D. At,A,13. in， with， by 【辨析】 三者都可以用來表示方式，意為“用”。區(qū)別如下： (1) in表示“用方式；用語言(或語調(diào)、筆墨、顏色等)”。 (2) with表示“用工具(具體有形的工具)”。 (3) by 表示“以方法、手段；搭乘某種交通工具；傳達(dá)、傳遞的方式或媒介等”。,【舉例】 Whats this in English？ 這個用英語怎么講？ He broke the window with a stone. 他用一塊石頭擊碎了玻璃。 He makes a living by selling newspapers. 他以賣報為生。 My elder brother gets to school by bus every day. 我哥哥每天乘公交車去上學(xué)。,【演練】 ( )1. Whos the girl _ white？ A. in B. of C. under D. with ( )2. I can sing it _ French. A. of B. in C. with D. by,A,B,( )3. Please fill the bottle _ water. A. by B. with C. in D. of ( )4. Do you go to school _ bike or on foot？ A. on B. in C. by D. with,B,C,