Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars,learning about language,Answer key for exercise 1:,presence,violence,confidence,difference,patience,uncertain,unfair,unpaid,unlike,unkind,Discovering useful words and expressions,cultural,global,universal,agricultural,mathematical,artist,physicist,chemist,biologist,scientist,C A C B,Answer key for exercise 2:,Answer key for exercise 3:,fundamental, astronomy, gave birth to, existed, As a result, atoms, prevents from, puzzle,Answer key for exercise 4:,violent angry rude shocked excited crazy,patient gentle relaxing kind easy-going calm,主語(yǔ)從句,Who will win the match is still unknown. I want to know what he has told you. The fact is that we have lost the game. The news that we won the game is exciting.,主語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句,名詞性從句的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，因此主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句 、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句分別作主句的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。,同位語(yǔ)從句,Noun Clauses (名詞性從句),Subject Clause (主語(yǔ)從句),Appositive Clause （同位語(yǔ)從句）,Object Clause （賓語(yǔ)從句）,Predicative Clause （表語(yǔ)從句）,Is the moon a planet ? This question is _if students are to show that they understand the nature of _. Some scientists think that the earth _ the moon because the moon circles our planet. Others believe that the moon _ before the earth was formed. They think that earlier in time it travelled through space as a small planet which was caught by the earths gravity. _, it goes around our planet. The evidence for this theory is that the _ that make up the rocks on the moon seem to be different from those on earth. What is clear is that the moon is smaller than the earth and this _ it _ escaping from the earth. Although its origin may still be a _, the moon can never be anything more than a satellite of the earth.,fundamental,astronomy,gave birth to,existed,As a result,atoms,prevents,from,puzzle,Is the moon a planet ? This question is _if students are to show that they understand the nature of _. Some scientists think that the earth _ the moon because the moon circles our planet. Others believe that the moon _ before the earth was formed. They think that earlier in time it travelled through space as a small planet which was caught by the earths gravity. _, it goes around our planet. The evidence for this theory is that the _ that make up the rocks on the moon seem to be different from those on earth. What is clear is that the moon is smaller than the earth and this _ it _ escaping from the earth. Although its origin may still be a _, the moon can never be anything more than a satellite of the earth.,fundamental,astronomy,gave birth to,existed,As a result,atoms,prevents,from,puzzle,o,o,o,o,p,s,p,主語(yǔ)從句： 做主語(yǔ)用的名詞性從句，因其在復(fù)合句中做主語(yǔ)，又稱主語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的有連詞that ，whether， 連接代詞who ，what ，which， 連接副詞when，where， how， why等。,1）從屬連詞：that， whether等. that 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句只起引導(dǎo)作用，本身無實(shí)際意義，在主語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，但不能省略。,That people cut down too many trees destroyed the balance of nature. Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.,.,It was not clear whether the solid shape would last or not.,Subject,Formed Subject,Whether the solid shape would last or not was not clear.,Real,引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句在句首只能用whether, 有it作形式主語(yǔ)的whether/if都可以.,Conclusion:,if,If,注意: 由that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡, 避免 “頭重腳輕”, 常用 it 作形式主語(yǔ), 而把從句放在后面。 例如:,1. That he will refuse this piece of advice is impossible. _ _ 2.That they should like each other is natural. _,*it為形式主語(yǔ),It is natural that they should like each other.,It is impossible that he will refuse this piece of advice.,這樣就構(gòu)成了下面一些常用句型: 1) It is + n. +從句 It is a pity/shame that. 遺憾的是 It is a surprise that令人驚奇的是 It is a fact that 是事實(shí) It is common knowledge that 是常識(shí) *_(很遺憾)we lost the match. *_(這是事實(shí))he cheated in the exam.,It is a pity that,It is a fact that,2) It is + adj. +從句 Its certain that 肯定 It is possible that. 很可能 It is unlikely that. 不可能 It is obvious that 很明顯 It is necessary important natural. that *_(很可能)she will come back tomorrow. *_(很明顯)this measure is effective.,+(should) +do,It is possible that,It is obvious that,3) It +不及物動(dòng)詞+從句 It happened that. 碰巧 It occurred to me that我突然想起 *_(剛好)I came into the office at that time. *_(我突然想起)I forget to sent the letter.,It happened that,It occurred to me that,4) It + be +過去分詞+從句 It is said that. 據(jù)說 It is known to all that. 眾所周知 It is reported that. 據(jù)報(bào)道 It is believed that.據(jù)信;人們相信 It is suggested that + (should）do. 建議 It must be admitted that必須承認(rèn) It cannot be denied that 不可否認(rèn) It must be pointed out that需指出的是 *_(據(jù)報(bào)道)20 people were killed in the accident. *_(建議)we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise.,It is reported that,It is suggested that,：They should like each other is natural. ：That they should like each other is natural. ：It is natural that they should like each other.,：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful. ：It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.,T or F questions,2.連接代詞who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoever,What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water Who will take part in the meeting has not been decided. Whoever breaks the law will be punished. Which student will win the first is uncertain.,3)連接副詞when，where， how， why等。,Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. When they will set off is not decided. Where she is from is unknown. How we will paint the house has not been decided.,Complete the sentences using what, whether, where, when, who, why, how or that.,1.(_ is needed for success) is your hard work.,3.(_ we will go tomorrow )hasnt been decided yet.,2.(_ they will arrive )has been told to the teacher.,4.(_ can join in the sport meet) is decided by the teacher.,What,When/How,Where/whether,Who,5.(_ it will rain or not) is not clear.,7.(_ the earth is a solid ball) is known to us all.,Whether,That,6. (_ the earth is becoming warm) is a good topic for research.,Why,主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般 用單數(shù)形式。,Conclusion:,用 that / whether / if/ /where / how / when /why / who /what/which/ how much / etc. 來連接主語(yǔ)從句.,Summary:,3.引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句在句首只能用whether, 有it作形式主語(yǔ)的whether/if都可以.,2.That 在主語(yǔ)從句中不能省略.,4.有時(shí)為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡, 避免 “頭重腳輕”,常用 it 作形式主語(yǔ),而把從句放在后面.4種句型。 5.主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。,2. _ they can solve the question is still unknown. A. If B. Which C. Whether D. What,3. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody. A. Why B. What C. That D. Who,4. _ is a fact that English is accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It,1. _ we need more practice is quite obvious. A. What B. That C. When D. /,Pick up one number and finish the task in it, then you can get some points.,Game Time!,Correct or not?,*When the meeting will be held havent been known yet.,. be held hasnt been known yet.,Pay attention:主語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式,10,the cat do,made,What the cat did made the baby cry.,What,cry,Make a sentence,30,1.The question is _ the film is worth seeing. 2._ we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet.,用whetherif填空,whether,Whether,10,Translate the sentence,*_(他們很需要幫助)is quite clear.,That they are badly in need of help,20,talk about,the use of cell phone,What they are talking about is the use of cell phone.,Make a sentence,30,* If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.,Correct or not?,Whether we will. decided yet.,Pay attention:放在名詞性從句句首，表示“是否”，只能用whether, 不能用if,10,Translate the sentence,*It is known to us_ _(馬克.吐溫怎樣成為一位偉大的作家).,how Mark Twain became a great writer,20,report , get the highest points, match It is reported that Yao Ming got the highest points in the match.,Make a sentence,30,Correct or not?,Pay attention:注意虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的使用！在It is necessary important natural. that句型中，從句的謂語(yǔ)要用should+do 的形式,It is important that we should finish.,*It is important that we will finish the work on time.,10,Correct or not?,Pay attention:此主語(yǔ)從句缺少成分-賓語(yǔ)，故用作成分的what來引導(dǎo)，而不用that。,What she wants to know is.,*That she wants to know is when the party will be held .,10,Correct or not?,Pay attention:由that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句放在句首，that 不能省略。,That he will give up,*He will give up his job surprises all of us.,10,Translate the sentence,*_（她是否出席會(huì)議）is not certain.,Whether she will attend the meeting,20,It makes the teacher angry that the child doesnt know the answer.,teacher angry,Dont know the answer,Make a sentence,30,