Listening on P67,Task 1 Discuss with a partner what is happening in each of the photographs below.,Surf lifesaving clubs are popular all over Australia. They were originally formed to provide a rescue service for swimmers who get into danger on beaches. The clubs are voluntary organizations whose members patrol the beaches for free. As well as carrying out lifeguard duties,Background information,the clubs hold many social events and competitions related to the beach and swimming. Children between 7 and 15 can join as junior members, called nippers. The club provides activities for junior members at weekends and in the holidays. They receive training in lifesaving as well as taking part in healthy exercise at the beach.,As much of Australias coastline can be dangerous for inexperienced swimmers, surf lifesavers determine the safest place for people to swim and place flags on the beach to show people where it is safe. Bathers are encouraged to “swim between the flags”.,Businesses and the community in general raise money or donate equipment such as boats and canoes, sun shelters, lifesaving equipment and flags. On weekends, when the volunteer lifesavers are at work, some town councils pay lifeguards to patrol the most popular beaches.,Several times during the summer, surf lifesaving clubs hold carnivals at which they display their lifesaving skills and hold competitions between different clubs. Each club has a different uniform, consisting of a swimming costume and a T-shirt. Lifesavers also wear caps in their club colors so that they can be easily identified when they are in the water.,Surf lifesaving boat,Nippers marching,Surf board rescue and flag,Task 2,Surfer,Rescue boat,Nippers and flag,1. What part of Australia does Ross come from? Tasmania.,2. When Ross lived in Australia, what did he like to do each evening? He kikes to surf.,Task 3,3. How much does the government pay the surf lifesavers who keep the beaches safe?,It costs nothing. Surf lifesavers are volunteers, they work for free.,4. How old are nippers and what do they do? They are between 7 and 15. They train to be lifesavers and take part in games and competitions.,5. What was Rosss favorite activity at the surf club? He liked to go to parties.,Listen once more and give your definition.,surf surf lfesaver surf lifesaving club nipper ironman/ woman competition,Task 4,surf (v.) : to ride the waves into the beach on a surf board; surf (n.): the waves in the sea that are close to the shore and have white foam on the top. surf lifesaver: someone who rescues people who get in trouble in the waves.,surf lifesaving club: a social and sports club that patrols beaches to keep swimmers safe. nipper: a junior member of a surf lifesaving club (between 7 and 15 years old),ironman/woman competition: a combination of three different races- a swim, a foot race and a paddling race in a canoe or on surf board.,Carol (C) and Ross (R) both go to university in England. They meet up after lectures one day and decide to go for coffee.,R: Ooh. Thats better. It was cold out there ! Look theres a table over there by the fire. C: Great. Ill get the coffee and you grab the table.,Listening text,R: Thanks, Carol. Ill get the next one. C: Fine, so how do you like this cold? R: Well, I come from Tasmania so Im used to cold winter weather. But its summer over there at the moment and Id sure like to be there. C: What would you be doing if you were at home?,R: Id probably be heading down to the beach. I go down there most evenings to surf. C: Oh, so you surf, do you? R: Yeah. Ive been surfing since I was a nipper. C: A what? R: Oh, sorry. Thats what we call junior lifesavers back home.,C: (laughs) Hang on. Whats a junior lifesaver? R: Well, you know how we have lifesavers on all our popular beaches? C: No, I didnt know that. It must cost the government a lot of money to put lifesavers on so many beaches.,R: No. They are all volunteers. Its like a sports club. They train to save lives and when they arent watching over the people on the beach they have all sorts of competitions with other clubs. C: Like what?,R: Well, they have surf lifeboats that they go out to rescue people and at carnivals, they race with boats from other clubs. And then there are ironmen and women competitions. C: I have seen them on television. Its three races, isnt it? A swim, a foot race and a race paddling a canoe or a surfboard.,R: Yes thats right. Surf lifesaving clubs also have lots of other competitions and social events. C: So nippers are the young surf lifesavers? R: Yeah. Theyre between 7 and 15. They are training to be lifesavers when they are older, and they have all sorts of games and competitions suitable for their age group.,C: So were you eve an iron man? R: (laughs) Not me. I was too much into having a good time at surf club parties. C: Yes, I can imagine that,Speaking & Listening on P71,Pre- listening (Discussion),Why do countries have flags? What can flags tell you about a country? Think of some examples. What does Chinas national flag tell us? What other organizations do you know that have flags? What do they use them for?,1. Why do countries have flags? A flag usually stands as a symbol for that country. It can remind people of some important values the nation holds or something of its history or culture. It is used on official occasions to identify the nation to the rest of the world.,2. What can flags tell you about a country? Think of some examples. They can tell people about the nations, history, values or culture. For example, the stars on the US flag represent the states in the union. The cross on the Greek flag symbolizes Christianity. The maple leaf on the Canadian flag is the national emblem of Canada.,3. What does Chinas national flag tell us? The red color in the Chinese National flag stands for the revolution, while the gold color of the stars signifies the dawn of a new era over the land. The five stars grouped together symbolize the unity of the Chinese people under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party.,4. What other organizations do you know that have flags? What do they use them for? Red Cross Society, the Olympic Games, companies, etc.,What elements do several of the flags have in common? In what ways could these common elements be connected to Australia? Which flag is the official flag of Australia? What do you think the other flags are?,June is giving a talk about Australian flags and what they tell people about the history and culture of Australia. Listen and write down the numbers of the flags in the order you hear June talk about them.,Listening,1 _ 2 _ 3 _ 4 _,June is giving a talk about Australian flags and what they tell people about the history and culture of Australia.,Good afternoon, everyone. My hobby is collecting flags from all over the world.,Listening text,I love flags for two reasons. The first is that they are beautiful and the second is that you can learn a lot about the culture and history of a country by studying its flags. Today Id like to show you some Australian flags and discuss their significance.,Now, this one is the official Australian flag. It was chosen in 1901 following a competition to design a flag especially for Australia. Before that date Australia had the same flag as Great Britain. The British flag is now in the top left quarter of the Australian flag to remind people of Australia's historical ties with Great Britain.,The five stars represent the Southern Cross which is an important group of five stars in the southern hemisphere. Navigators use the Southern Cross to show them the direction of the South Pole. The other big star under the British flag represents the six states and the combined territories of Australia.,This flag has been the official Aboriginal flag since 1995. The black in the top half of the flag symbolizes the Aboriginal people themselves, while the red at the bottom symbolizes the earth and the Aboriginal people's spiritual connection to the earth.,The yellow circle in the middle represents the sun, the giver of life. This next flag was first flown in 1854 at a place called Eureka where a group of gold miners rebelled against the government. The incident is seen by many as the beginning of the movement towards democracy in Australia.,The five stars represents the Southern Cross and the light blue background is believed to represent the blue shirts that many of the gold miners wore. Although not an official flag, it is recognized and loved by most Australians.,This is another flag that you often see in Australia, especially at sporting events. The kangaroo is recognized as the unofficial animal emblem of Australia and green and gold are the colors worn by many Australian sporting teams when they travel overseas.,The flag first became popular in 1983 when it was flown on Australias entry to the Americas cup - a famous yacht race which Australia won that year.,Some people feel it is time to change Australia's official flag because it is no longer appropriate to have the British flag in the most important part of the flag. The other flags you see here were designed for a competition for a new flag but so far none have been accepted.,In groups, discuss the four designs for a new flag. What does each of the new flags tell you about Australia? Which one do you think is the best?,Speaking,In groups, discuss what symbols you would put on a flag for your school, Then design a suitable flag. Show your design to the rest of the class and explain it.,Discuss what does each sign mean. Use expressions like:,Youre not allowed You mustnt You can/cant You have to You should Its OK to Be careful Look out!,Talking on P68,Homework,Since youve learned so much about Australia in this Unit, choose several aspects that you think are interesting to write a report (e.g. its animals, plants, scenery, cities, beaches, people, leisure activities, history or something else).,