初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)1、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的事情或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與now,listen,look等詞連用，結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+be動(dòng)詞(am, is, are)+動(dòng)詞ing.如：It is raining now.外面正在下雨It is six oclock now.現(xiàn)在6點(diǎn)了My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room.我父母正在客廳看報(bào)紙Look! The children are having a running race now.看！孩子們正在賽跑問句將be動(dòng)詞移前，否定句在be動(dòng)詞后+not.2、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的事情或動(dòng)作，常與often, usually, sometimes, always, every day(week year) on Sundays等詞連用。結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+動(dòng)詞原形；當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)即he,she, it, Tom, my mother, the boy等詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞后加s或es.如：We have an English lesson every day.我們每天都要上英語課Do the boys run faster than the girls? Yes, they do.男孩比女孩跑的快嗎？是的問句借助于do, does否定句借助于dont, doesnt，后面動(dòng)詞一定要還原。3、一般過去時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過去的事情或存在的狀態(tài)，常與just now; a moment ago; ago; yesterday; last ( week; month; year; Monday; weekend); this morning等詞連用。結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+be動(dòng)詞的過去式（was; were）或主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式。注意：be動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞過去式不可同時(shí)使用。如：My earphones were on the ground just now.我的耳機(jī)剛剛還在呢。Where were you last week? I was at a camp.你上個(gè)星期去哪了？我去野營(yíng)了What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm你昨天去干嘛了？我去參觀農(nóng)場(chǎng)了。問句有be動(dòng)詞將be動(dòng)詞移前，沒有be動(dòng)詞借助于did，后面動(dòng)詞還原；否定句有be動(dòng)詞在后面加not，沒有借助于didnt后面動(dòng)詞還原。4、一般將來時(shí)表示將要打算發(fā)生的事情或動(dòng)作，常與tomorrow, next week(year; Tuesday), this week( weekend ;evening; afternoon;)today等詞連用。結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+be(am, is, are) going to + 動(dòng)原或主語+will +動(dòng)原。如：What are you going to do tomorrow? I am going to have a picnic.你明天要去干嘛？我要去野餐。The childre are going to have a sports meeting next week.孩子們下個(gè)星期將參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。Tom will/is going to see a play with his father this evening.Tom今晚將和父母去看演出。問句將be動(dòng)詞或will移前；否定句在be動(dòng)詞或will后加not.5、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can; cant; should; shouldnt; must; may后一定加動(dòng)詞原形。如：The girl cant swim, but she can skate.女孩不會(huì)游泳，但是會(huì)滑冰Dont talk in class, you should listen to the teacher carefully.不要再課上說話，你應(yīng)該認(rèn)真聽老師講。6、祈使句肯定祈使句以動(dòng)詞原形開頭；否定祈使句以dont加動(dòng)詞原形開頭。如：Open the box for me ,please.請(qǐng)為我打開盒子。Liu Tao! Please get up earlier tomorrow.劉濤，明天請(qǐng)?jiān)琰c(diǎn)起床！Dont walk on the grass!不要在草地上走！Helen! Dont climb the tree,please.海倫！不要爬樹。7、go的用法去干嘛用go +動(dòng)詞ing如: go swimming; go fishing;go skating;go camping;go running;go skiing;go rowing8、比較than 前用比較級(jí)；asas之間用原級(jí)。如：My mother is two years younger than my father.我媽比我爸年輕兩歲。Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben.劉濤跳得和本一樣遠(yuǎn)。9、喜歡做某事用like +動(dòng)詞ing或like+ to + 動(dòng)原。如： Su Yang likes growing flowers.蘇陽喜歡種花。The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival.孩子們喜歡在春節(jié)去玩花燈。10、想要做某事用 would like +to+動(dòng)原或want + to +動(dòng)原。例：Id like to visit the History Museum.=I want to visit the History Museum11、some用于肯定句中，在否定句和問句中改為any,但當(dāng)表示委婉語氣時(shí)仍用如：Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice?12、代詞人稱代詞主格做主語用一般放在句首或動(dòng)詞前，主格分別是 I you he she it we you they。賓格做賓語用，一般放在動(dòng)詞或介詞后如：Open them for me.Let us , join me等。賓格分別是me you him her it us you them。形容詞性物主代詞放在名詞前，不能單獨(dú)使用，分別是my your his her its our your their名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形物加名詞，它只能單獨(dú)使用后面不好加名詞，分別是mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs。13、介詞介詞后要么不加動(dòng)詞，加動(dòng)詞只能加動(dòng)詞ing形式如：be good at running;do well in jumping;14、時(shí)間介詞季節(jié)前，月份前用介詞in如：in summer；in March具體的哪一天如星期幾，幾月幾日用介詞on如：on Saturday; on the second of April; on Wednesday morning在幾點(diǎn)鐘前用介詞at如： at a quarter to four;只在上下午晚上用in如：in the morning/ afternoon/ evening;但在夜間用at night。另：季節(jié)，月份和星期前不好加the.15、名詞復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成的方法有規(guī)則的有：(1)直接在名詞后加s如orangeoranges; photophotos;(2) 以x, s, sh, ch 結(jié)尾的加es如：boxboxes; glassglasses; waitresswaitresses; watchwatches;peach-peaches(3) 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i加es如：studystudies；librarylibraries; hobbyhobbies; familyfamilies;(4)以f, fe結(jié)尾的改f, fe 為ves如：knifeknives; thiefthieves（注:以o結(jié)尾的我們學(xué)過的只有mango加es, mangomangoes其余加s,）不規(guī)則的有：manmen; womanwomen; peoplepeople; childchildren16、動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成(1)直接在動(dòng)詞后加s如：runruns; dancedances(2)以s,sh,ch,o結(jié)尾的加es如：dodoes;gogoes;washwashes;catchcatches(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i加es如：studystudies; carrycarries;17、現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成(1)直接在動(dòng)詞后加ing如：singsinging; skiskiing;(2)雙寫詞尾加ing如：swimswimming; jogjogging;runrunning;(3)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的去e加ing如：rideriding; dancedancing; makemaking;18、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式的構(gòu)成(1)直接在動(dòng)詞后加ed如：cleancleaned; milkmilked; playplayed;(2)以e結(jié)尾的直接加d如：dancedanced; tastetasted;(3) 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i加ed如：studystudied;carrycarried;(4)雙寫詞尾加ed如：stopstopped; jogjogged;不規(guī)則的有：am,iswas; arewere; do,doesdid; have,hashad; gowent; meetmet; sitsat; seesaw; getgot; telltold; runran; comecame; stealstole; readread;19、形容詞副詞比較級(jí)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則的：(1)直接在形容詞或副詞后加er如；smallsmaller; lowlower;(2)以e結(jié)尾的加r如：latelarer;(3)雙寫詞尾加er如：bigbigger; thinthinner; fatfatter;(4) 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i加er如：heavyheavier; earlyearlier;不規(guī)則的有：good, wellbetter(最高級(jí)為best); many, much- more(最高級(jí)為most); far-farther;20、rain與snow的用法(1)作為名詞意思是雨水和雪是不可數(shù)名詞如：There is a lot of rain there in spring. 那兒的春天有很多雨水。(2) 作為動(dòng)詞意思是下雨和下雪，有四種形式分別是：動(dòng)詞原形rain， snow；第三人稱單數(shù)rains ，snows；現(xiàn)在分詞raining； snowing過去式rained； snowed;如：Look! It is raining now. 瞧！天正在下雨。It often rains in Nantong in summer.南通夏天經(jīng)常下雨。 It rained yesterday.昨天下了雨。It is going to rain tomorrow. 明天要下雨。(3)形容詞為rainy 和snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的如：It is often rainy here in spring.這兒的春天經(jīng)常是有雨的。If it is rainy tomorrow, Ill stay at home.如果明天是有雨的，我將呆在家里。21、比較級(jí)注意只有同類事物才可進(jìn)行比較。如：My eyes are bigger than hers.Your school bag is heavier than mine. My computer is nicer than Nancys. My brother is stronger than me.22、have, has表示某人有(has用于第三人稱單數(shù))；There is/ are;There was/ were 表示某地存在有注意There be 句型的就近原則單數(shù)或不可數(shù)用there is /was;復(fù)數(shù)用there are/ were.23、本身就是復(fù)數(shù)的詞眼鏡glasses; 耳機(jī)earphones; 鞋shoes;褲子trousers等詞本身是復(fù)數(shù)。如：My glasses were on the chair just now.但如果表示這雙，這副，一雙的時(shí)候用單數(shù)如：There is a pair of chopsticks on the plate. This pair of earphones is for you.24、五個(gè)元音字母分別是Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu;25、一個(gè)的用法a用于輔音前不是輔音字母前；an 用于元音前不是元音字母前。如：There is an s, a t, a u, a d ,an e, an n,and a t in the word student.26、時(shí)間表示法有兩種：（1）直接讀時(shí)鐘和分鐘。如6:10讀成 six ten; 7:30讀成seven thirty; 8:45讀成eight forty-five;(2)用to與past表示。在半小時(shí)包括半小時(shí)以內(nèi)用幾分past幾點(diǎn)如：6：10讀成ten past six; 7:30讀成half past seven;過了半小時(shí)用下一個(gè)鐘點(diǎn)差幾分如7：45讀成a quarter to eight; 9:50讀成ten to ten;27、基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞的方法基變序有規(guī)律，結(jié)尾加上th; 一二三特殊例，結(jié)尾字母t、d(即first, second, third);八去t， 九去e， ve要用f替（即eigheighth; nineninth; five- fifth ;twelvetwelfth）；ty改y為ie后加th別忘記(即整十?dāng)?shù)如twentytwentieth；fortyfortieth);幾十幾十位為基個(gè)位為序（如第二十一為twenty-first）。另外強(qiáng)調(diào)序數(shù)詞前一定要加the。28、日期的表示法用the+序數(shù)詞+ of +月如:三月三日 the third of March;12月25日 the 25th of December.29、both 表示兩者都如：My parents are both teachers.all表示三者以上都如：The students are all very excited.30、節(jié)日的表示法有day的節(jié)日前用on.沒有day的節(jié)日前用at,如：at Christmas; on Christmas Day; at New Year; on New Years Day.31、激動(dòng)興奮的excited表示激動(dòng)的，興奮地主語是人；exciting表示令人激動(dòng)的，令人興奮的主語是事情如：The running race is very exciting, so all the students are very excited.賽跑非常令人激動(dòng)，因此所有的學(xué)生都很激動(dòng)。32、比較兩者比較用比較級(jí)，三者以上比較用最高級(jí)如：Who runs faster, the boy or the girl? The boy does誰跑得更快，男孩還是女孩？男孩。Which season do you like best? I like autumn best.你最喜歡哪個(gè)季節(jié)？我最喜歡秋天。Which season do you like better, summer or winter? I like winter better.你更喜歡哪個(gè)季節(jié)，夏天還是冬天？我更喜歡冬天。33、動(dòng)詞還原的用法前面用了do, does did, dont, doesnt didnt后面動(dòng)詞要還原。如：Did she watch TV last night?Helen doesnt like taking photos.34、到了到達(dá)用get to但注意到家，到這兒，到那兒不可以加to如：get home; get here; get there,另外go home; come here; go there也一樣。35、長(zhǎng)著和穿著長(zhǎng)著什么用with如：the girl with big eyes 大眼睛的女孩；穿著什么用in如：the man in black穿黑衣服的男人或：the woman in the white skirt 穿白色短裙的婦女36、讓某人做某事用let sb后加動(dòng)詞原形如：Lets water the flowers together.是該做的時(shí)候了用Its time for+名詞或Its time to +動(dòng)原。幫助某人做某事是help sb with sth如：幫我學(xué)英語是 help me with my English37、樹上外來的東西在樹上用in the tree如：the bird in the tree;樹上長(zhǎng)的用on the tree如：the apples on the tree38、運(yùn)動(dòng)和樂器球類之前不加the;樂器之前必須加the如：play the piano; play football39、一周中的第一天是Sunday; 一年中的第一個(gè)月是January40、get后加比較級(jí)表示變得更怎么樣 。如：get stronger; getlonger