新課標(biāo)高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法定語(yǔ)從句高考真題例析定語(yǔ)從句(一)考點(diǎn)1正確選擇關(guān)系詞1Well reach the sales targets in a month we set at the beginning of the year.(2014重慶，9)答案which/that解析考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意為：再有一個(gè)月我們就能完成年初制訂的銷售目標(biāo)了。which/that指代targets，在從句中充當(dāng)set的賓語(yǔ)。2I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.(2014湖南，31)答案when解析考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為the day，關(guān)系詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when。3The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.(2014安徽，22)答案which/that解析考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞是the exact year，定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞spent是及物動(dòng)詞，后面缺少賓語(yǔ)，故填which/that。4A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.(2014山東，10)答案whose解析考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意為：國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)利潤(rùn)萎縮的公司可能會(huì)尋求國(guó)外市場(chǎng)的機(jī)會(huì)?？崭窈竺~profits和先行詞company形成所屬關(guān)系，故應(yīng)填whose。5Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position.(2014陜西，13)答案that解析考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞是information，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作及物動(dòng)詞have的賓語(yǔ)，且先行詞有不定代詞all修飾，故關(guān)系詞只能用that。6Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths.(2013湖南，21)答案who解析考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意為：快樂(lè)和成功總是會(huì)眷顧那些善于認(rèn)清自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和特長(zhǎng)的人。分析句子成分后可知，“ are good at recognizing their own strengths”是定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞those，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，指人，所以用who引導(dǎo)。名師點(diǎn)撥做此類題的關(guān)鍵是判斷先行詞和分析句子成分。若句中缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系代詞；若句中缺少狀語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系副詞。然后再根據(jù)先行詞的特點(diǎn)確定具體用哪一個(gè)關(guān)系代(副)詞?？键c(diǎn)2where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句7Students should involve themselves in community activities they can gain experience for growth.(2014福建，31)答案where解析考查定語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞community activities，且在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。8The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work a good impression is a must.(2014江蘇，22)答案where解析考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意為：這本書在日常交際中給予我很大的幫助，尤其是在第一印象至關(guān)重要的工作中。根據(jù)句意知關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故填關(guān)系副詞where。9Its helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.(2009福建，24)答案where解析考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞是situation，指物，亦可指地點(diǎn)，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系副詞where。名師點(diǎn)撥借助于“句子成分分析法”，確定先行詞，分析從句中若缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，則用where來(lái)引導(dǎo)。注意表示抽象地點(diǎn)的先行詞有：case，point，situation，condition，activity，job，race，position，stage，degree等?？键c(diǎn)3which和as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句10Until now，we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children， is quite unexpected.(2014四川，4)答案which解析考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。此題考查which指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，which在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。句意為：到現(xiàn)在為止，我們已經(jīng)為那些貧窮的孩子募捐到了50 000英鎊，這是完全沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的。11 is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.(2013陜西，16)答案As解析句意為：就像其他小孩子一樣，醫(yī)生來(lái)的時(shí)候Amy好多了。as is often the case通常就是這樣，此處as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。12We have launched another manmade satellite， is announced in todays newspaper.(2013天津，6)答案which解析考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。which在此引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代前面整個(gè)句子。名師點(diǎn)撥as和which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的特點(diǎn)以及兩者的區(qū)別：as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首、句中、句尾，而which從句只能置于被修飾句子的后面；which可在從句中作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)，as不可；主、從句語(yǔ)義不一致時(shí)，只能用which；as含有“正如”之意，which沒(méi)有?？键c(diǎn)4“名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞等ofwhich/whom”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句13English is a language shared by several diverse cultures， (每一種文化) uses it differently.(2014天津，12)答案each of which解析考查定語(yǔ)從句。前后兩個(gè)分句間無(wú)連詞，由標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)“逗號(hào)”可知，此處為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，對(duì)先行詞diverse cultures進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，又由后面謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞uses可知，應(yīng)填each of which。14The children， (所有的孩子) had played the whole day long，were worn out.(2013浙江，5)答案all of whom解析考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為children，故需要用who(m)來(lái)指代，再根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示即可確定答案。15John invited about 40 people to his wedding， (大多數(shù)人) are family members.(2013重慶，24)答案most of whom解析考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意為：約翰大約邀請(qǐng)了40人參加他的婚禮，其中大多數(shù)是他的家人。先行詞是40 people，指人；再根據(jù)句意可知用關(guān)系代詞whom。名師點(diǎn)撥根據(jù)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)和有無(wú)連詞，判斷是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句還是并列句。如果句與句之間有并列連詞and，but或者分號(hào)，則是并列句；如果是逗號(hào)，且逗號(hào)后的內(nèi)容是對(duì)前面內(nèi)容的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，則是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)該使用關(guān)系詞。然后用“代入”法，把關(guān)系代詞換成先行詞，其關(guān)系就一目了然了。如上面1題中each of which each of the cultures；2題中all of whom all of the children?？键c(diǎn)5定語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)從句的比較16The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.(2013浙江，13)答案where解析考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知， visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built為定語(yǔ)從句，a viewing platform為先行詞，從句缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)當(dāng)由關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。17If you happen to get lost in the wild，youd better stay you are and wait for help.(2012四川，10)答案where解析考查地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)表明主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)，即：你最好呆在你現(xiàn)在所在的地方。18It was the middle of the night my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.(2014江西，35)答案when解析考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意為：當(dāng)我的父親把我叫醒并告訴我看足球賽的時(shí)候，那時(shí)是午夜。本句中it指代“時(shí)間”，when引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。名師點(diǎn)撥做此類題的關(guān)鍵是分析從句中是否有先行詞。若有，則為定語(yǔ)從句；若沒(méi)有，則是狀語(yǔ)從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句等?？键c(diǎn)6定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較19It was the culture，rather than the language， made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.(2014福建，29)答案that解析考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意為：是風(fēng)俗文化而不是語(yǔ)言使他很難適應(yīng)國(guó)外的新環(huán)境。這里強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)部分the culture，rather than the language，所以用that引導(dǎo)。名師點(diǎn)撥區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句還是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，看從句中是否缺少句子成分，如果去掉it is/was.that/who.，結(jié)構(gòu)仍完整，則為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，反之，則是定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句(二).高考變式用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week， my classmates recommended to me.(2014北京，26)答案which解析考查定語(yǔ)從句。此處Sherlock Holmes是先行詞，作recommended的賓語(yǔ)；又因?yàn)槭欠窍拗菩远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句，故填which。2I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade， I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.(2014浙江，5)答案when解析考查定語(yǔ)從句。上句說(shuō) “我直到五年級(jí)才成為一個(gè)熱衷攀爬的人”，后面句子就是在五年級(jí)這個(gè)時(shí)間，作者去樹上把一個(gè)風(fēng)箏取了下來(lái)。the fifth grade為先行詞，作后面句子的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故用when引導(dǎo)。3Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected.(2013北京，27)答案where解析考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意為：目前，許多國(guó)家正在建立一些國(guó)家公園，動(dòng)物和植物在那兒可以得到保護(hù)。先行詞為national parks，且在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故填where。4There is no simple answer， is often the case in science.(2013山東，31)答案as解析考查as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。as is often the case為固定搭配，意為“情況通常是這樣”。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代整句話的內(nèi)容，可置于句首、句中或句尾。5When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house I would be staying.(2013新課標(biāo)全國(guó)，4)答案where解析句意為：當(dāng)我到達(dá)的時(shí)候，拜倫帶我去看了我將要住的房子。此處先行詞是the house，從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。6Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012， made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true.(2013安徽，29)答案which解析句意為：莫言被授予2012年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，這使得中國(guó)人多年來(lái)的一個(gè)夢(mèng)想成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代逗號(hào)前的全部?jī)?nèi)容。7The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected.(2013福建，27)答案whose解析句意為：這本書透過(guò)生活受到地震影響的人們的視角講述地震的故事。本題的先行詞是those表示人，定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是lives，與先行詞構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)。8The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China， he remembers starting as early as his childhood.(2013江蘇，32)答案which解析考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意為：世界銀行的總裁說(shuō)他喜歡中國(guó)，這一點(diǎn)他記得早在他的童年時(shí)期就開始了。which指代“喜愛(ài)中國(guó)”這件事。9He wrote a letter he explained what had happened in the accident.(2013江西，33)答案where解析考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為：他寫了一封信，在信中他解釋了事故中發(fā)生的事情。定語(yǔ)從句中主謂賓俱全，缺少狀語(yǔ)，因此填where，在本句中相當(dāng)于in which。10He may win the competition，in case he is likely to get into the national team.(2013遼寧，34)答案which解析考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。in which case意為“在這種情況下”。.語(yǔ)法填空體裁：記敘文話題：節(jié)假活動(dòng)詞數(shù)：179Wife：Its Friday today.How do you want to spend the evening，darling?Husband：Well，why not go 1 (dance)？We havent done that 2 a long time.Wife：Oh，to tell the truth，I dont really feel like going dancing tonight.I had a hard day and Im sort of tired.Whats more，I 3 (suppose)to go rock climbing with my colleague Dorothy tomorrow morning.Husband：Well，in that 4 ，we could go to the new movie Life of Pi，by that worldfamous director Ang Lee.I really like his work， 5 will stop showing the day after tomorrow.Wife：Oh，we go to the movies 6 much.Cant we do something different for a 7 ，honey?Husband：Well，do you have any suggestions?Wife：Let me see.How do you feel about asking some friends over to play cards?Husband：Its OK with me， 8 we dont have any beer or anything to eat at home.Wife：Well， 9 is better to call Juliet and ask her and that neighbor of 10 ，David，to come over，and Ill go to the store and buy some food and drinks.Husband：OK.Thats a good idea.1答案dancing解析go dancing去跳舞。2答案for解析句意為：我們很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)這么做了。3答案am supposed解析be supposed to(按習(xí)慣、安排等)應(yīng)該。4答案case解析in that case固定搭配。5答案which解析which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾work。6答案too解析句意為：我們看電影太多了。too much太多。7答案change解析句意為：我們能不能換個(gè)不同的事情呢？for a change 改變一下。8答案but解析句意為：我還好，但是家里沒(méi)有啤酒也沒(méi)有吃的了。表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，用but。9答案it解析固定句型：it is better to do.。10答案hers解析neighbor of hers她的鄰居，雙重所有格。