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1、新課標(biāo)高考英語語法定語從句高考真題例析 定語從句(一) 考點(diǎn)1　正確選擇關(guān)系詞 1．We’ll reach the sales targets in a month we set at the beginning of the year.(2014重慶，9) 答案　which/that 解析　考查定語從句。句意為：再有一個(gè)月我們就能完成年初制訂的銷售目標(biāo)了。which/that指代targets，在從句中充當(dāng)set的賓語。 2．I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this bo

2、ok and know my feelings for her.(2014湖南，31) 答案　when 解析　考查定語從句。先行詞為the day，關(guān)系詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when。 3．The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.(2014安徽，22) 答案　which/that 解析　考查定語從句。先行詞是the exact year，定語從句中的動(dòng)詞spent是及物動(dòng)詞，后面缺少賓語，故填which/that。 4．A company

3、 profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.(2014山東，10) 答案　whose 解析　考查定語從句。句意為：國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)利潤(rùn)萎縮的公司可能會(huì)尋求國(guó)外市場(chǎng)的機(jī)會(huì)。空格后名詞profits和先行詞company形成所屬關(guān)系，故應(yīng)填whose。 5．Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position.(2014陜西，13) 答案　that 解析　考查定語從句。先行

4、詞是information，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作及物動(dòng)詞have的賓語，且先行詞有不定代詞all修飾，故關(guān)系詞只能用that。 6．Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths.(2013湖南，21) 答案　who 解析　考查定語從句。句意為：快樂和成功總是會(huì)眷顧那些善于認(rèn)清自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和特長(zhǎng)的人。分析句子成分后可知，“ are good at recognizing their own strengths”是定語從句修飾先行詞t

5、hose，從句中缺少主語，指人，所以用who引導(dǎo)。 名師點(diǎn)撥 做此類題的關(guān)鍵是判斷先行詞和分析句子成分。 若句中缺少主語、賓語、表語、定語，則用關(guān)系代詞； 若句中缺少狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞。 然后再根據(jù)先行詞的特點(diǎn)確定具體用哪一個(gè)關(guān)系代(副)詞。 考點(diǎn)2　where引導(dǎo)定語從句 7．Students should involve themselves in community activities they can gain experience for growth.(2014福建，31) 答案　where 解析　考查定語從句。關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句，

6、修飾先行詞community activities，且在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。 8．The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work a good impression is a must.(2014江蘇，22) 答案　where 解析　考查定語從句。句意為：這本書在日常交際中給予我很大的幫助，尤其是在第一印象至關(guān)重要的工作中。根據(jù)句意知關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故填關(guān)系副詞where。 9．It’s helpful to put children in a situat

7、ion they can see themselves differently.(2009福建，24) 答案　where 解析　考查定語從句。先行詞是situation，指物，亦可指地點(diǎn)，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，用關(guān)系副詞where。 名師點(diǎn)撥 借助于“句子成分分析法”，確定先行詞，分析從句中若缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，則用where來引導(dǎo)。注意表示抽象地點(diǎn)的先行詞有：case，point，situation，condition，activity，job，race，position，stage，degree等。 考點(diǎn)3　which和as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句 10．Until

8、 now，we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children， is quite unexpected.(2014四川，4) 答案　which 解析　考查非限制性定語從句。此題考查which指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，which在定語從句中作主語。句意為：到現(xiàn)在為止，我們已經(jīng)為那些貧窮的孩子募捐到了50 000英鎊，這是完全沒有預(yù)料到的。 11． is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrive

9、d.(2013陜西，16) 答案　As 解析　句意為：就像其他小孩子一樣，醫(yī)生來的時(shí)候Amy好多了。as is often the case通常就是這樣，此處as引導(dǎo)定語從句。 12．We have launched another manmade satellite， is announced in today’s newspaper.(2013天津，6) 答案　which 解析　考查非限制性定語從句。which在此引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代前面整個(gè)句子。 名師點(diǎn)撥 as和which引導(dǎo)的定語從句的特點(diǎn)以及兩者的區(qū)別：as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可置于句首、句中、

10、句尾，而which從句只能置于被修飾句子的后面；which可在從句中作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的主語，as不可；主、從句語義不一致時(shí)，只能用which；as含有“正如”之意，which沒有。 考點(diǎn)4　“名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞等＋of＋which/whom”引導(dǎo)定語從句 13．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures， (每一種文化) uses it differently.(2014天津，12) 答案　each of which 解析　考查定語從句。前后兩個(gè)分句間無連詞，由標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)“逗號(hào)”可知，此處為非限制性定語從句，對(duì)先

11、行詞diverse cultures進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，又由后面謂語動(dòng)詞uses可知，應(yīng)填each of which。 14．The children， (所有的孩子) had played the whole day long，were worn out.(2013浙江，5) 答案　all of whom 解析　考查定語從句。先行詞為children，故需要用who(m)來指代，再根據(jù)漢語提示即可確定答案。 15．John invited about 40 people to his wedding， (大多數(shù)人) are family members.(201

12、3重慶，24) 答案　most of whom 解析　考查定語從句。句意為：約翰大約邀請(qǐng)了40人參加他的婚禮，其中大多數(shù)是他的家人。先行詞是40 people，指人；再根據(jù)句意可知用關(guān)系代詞whom。 名師點(diǎn)撥 根據(jù)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)和有無連詞，判斷是非限制性定語從句還是并列句。如果句與句之間有并列連詞and，but或者分號(hào)，則是并列句；如果是逗號(hào)，且逗號(hào)后的內(nèi)容是對(duì)前面內(nèi)容的補(bǔ)充說明，則是非限制性定語從句，應(yīng)該使用關(guān)系詞。然后用“代入”法，把關(guān)系代詞換成先行詞，其關(guān)系就一目了然了。如上面1題中each of which ＝ each of the cultures；2題中all of whom

13、 ＝ all of the children。 考點(diǎn)5　定語從句與狀語從句的比較 16．The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.(2013浙江，13) 答案　where 解析　考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知， visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built為定語從句，a viewing

14、platform為先行詞，從句缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，應(yīng)當(dāng)由關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。 17．If you happen to get lost in the wild，you’d better stay you are and wait for help.(2012四川，10) 答案　where 解析　考查地點(diǎn)狀語從句。where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語表明主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)，即：你最好呆在你現(xiàn)在所在的地方。 18．It was the middle of the night my father woke me up and told me to watch the f

15、ootball game.(2014江西，35) 答案　when 解析　考查狀語從句。句意為：當(dāng)我的父親把我叫醒并告訴我看足球賽的時(shí)候，那時(shí)是午夜。本句中it指代“時(shí)間”，when引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。 名師點(diǎn)撥 做此類題的關(guān)鍵是分析從句中是否有先行詞。若有，則為定語從句；若沒有，則是狀語從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句等。 考點(diǎn)6　定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較 19．It was the culture，rather than the language， made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.(2014福

16、建，29) 答案　that 解析　考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意為：是風(fēng)俗文化而不是語言使他很難適應(yīng)國(guó)外的新環(huán)境。這里強(qiáng)調(diào)主語部分the culture，rather than the language，所以用that引導(dǎo)。 名師點(diǎn)撥 區(qū)分定語從句還是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，看從句中是否缺少句子成分，如果去掉it is/was...that/who...，結(jié)構(gòu)仍完整，則為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，反之，則是定語從句。 定語從句(二) Ⅰ.高考變式——用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空 1．I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week， my c

17、lassmates recommended to me.(2014北京，26) 答案　which 解析　考查定語從句。此處Sherlock Holmes是先行詞，作recommended的賓語；又因?yàn)槭欠窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句，故填which。 2．I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade， I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.(2014浙江，5) 答案　when 解析　考查定語從句。上句說 “我直到五年級(jí)才

18、成為一個(gè)熱衷攀爬的人”，后面句子就是在五年級(jí)這個(gè)時(shí)間，作者去樹上把一個(gè)風(fēng)箏取了下來。the fifth grade為先行詞，作后面句子的時(shí)間狀語，故用when引導(dǎo)。 3．Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected.(2013北京，27) 答案　where 解析　考查定語從句。句意為：目前，許多國(guó)家正在建立一些國(guó)家公園，動(dòng)物和植物在那兒可以得到保護(hù)。先行詞為national parks，且在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故填where。 4．There

19、is no simple answer， is often the case in science.(2013山東，31) 答案　as 解析　考查as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。as is often the case為固定搭配，意為“情況通常是這樣”。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代整句話的內(nèi)容，可置于句首、句中或句尾。 5．When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house I would be staying.(2013新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ，4) 答案　where 解析　句意為：當(dāng)我到達(dá)的時(shí)候，拜倫帶我去看了我將要住的

20、房子。此處先行詞是the house，從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，故用where引導(dǎo)定語從句。 6．Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012， made one of the Chinese people’s longheld dreams come true.(2013安徽，29) 答案　which 解析　句意為：莫言被授予2012年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，這使得中國(guó)人多年來的一個(gè)夢(mèng)想成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代逗號(hào)前的全部?jī)?nèi)容。 7．The book tells stories of the

21、earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected.(2013福建，27) 答案　whose 解析　句意為：這本書透過生活受到地震影響的人們的視角講述地震的故事。本題的先行詞是those表示人，定語從句的主語是lives，與先行詞構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)。 8．The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China， he remembers starting as early as his childh

22、ood.(2013江蘇，32) 答案　which 解析　考查定語從句。句意為：世界銀行的總裁說他喜歡中國(guó)，這一點(diǎn)他記得早在他的童年時(shí)期就開始了。which指代“喜愛中國(guó)”這件事。 9．He wrote a letter he explained what had happened in the accident.(2013江西，33) 答案　where 解析　考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為：他寫了一封信，在信中他解釋了事故中發(fā)生的事情。定語從句中主謂賓俱全，缺少狀語，因此填where，在本句中相當(dāng)于in which。 10．He may win the compet

23、ition，in case he is likely to get into the national team.(2013遼寧，34) 答案　which 解析　考查非限制性定語從句。in which case意為“在這種情況下”。 Ⅱ.語法填空 體裁：記敘文　話題：節(jié)假活動(dòng)　詞數(shù)：179 Wife：It’s Friday today.How do you want to spend the evening，darling? Husband：Well，why not go 1 (dance)？We haven’t done that 2 a lon

24、g time. Wife：Oh，to tell the truth，I don’t really feel like going dancing tonight.I had a hard day and I’m sort of tired.What’s more，I 3 (suppose)to go rock climbing with my colleague Dorothy tomorrow morning. Husband：Well，in that 4 ，we could go to the new movie Life of Pi，by that worldfamous

25、 director Ang Lee.I really like his work， 5 will stop showing the day after tomorrow. Wife：Oh，we go to the movies 6 much.Can’t we do something different for a 7 ，honey? Husband：Well，do you have any suggestions? Wife：Let me see.How do you feel about asking some friends over to play cards

26、? Husband：It’s OK with me， 8 we don’t have any beer or anything to eat at home. Wife：Well， 9 is better to call Juliet and ask her and that neighbor of 10 ，David，to come over，and I’ll go to the store and buy some food and drinks. Husband：OK.That’s a good idea. 1．答案　dancing 解析　go dancing

27、去跳舞。 2．答案　for 解析　句意為：我們很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒這么做了。 3．答案　am supposed 解析　be supposed to(按習(xí)慣、安排等)應(yīng)該。 4．答案　case 解析　in that case固定搭配。 5．答案　which 解析　which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾work。 6．答案　too 解析　句意為：我們看電影太多了。too much太多。 7．答案　change 解析　句意為：我們能不能換個(gè)不同的事情呢？for a change 改變一下。 8．答案　but 解析　句意為：我還好，但是家里沒有啤酒也沒有吃的了。表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，用but。 9．答案　it 解析　固定句型：it is better to do...。 10．答案　hers 解析　neighbor of hers她的鄰居，雙重所有格。