走向高考 · 英語,路漫漫其修遠兮 吾將上下而求索,人教版(課標卷地區(qū)) · 高考總復習,基礎知識聚焦,第一部分,解題策略(一) 語法填空之突破空格類試題,第一部分,純空格類試題其考查的語言項目主要有：行文邏輯、冠詞、連詞、介詞、關系詞等。首先，分析句子結構確定填哪類詞。然后，根據(jù)句子的意思，確定具體填什么詞。具體分析方法有： 要訣1 名詞、代詞、動名詞前設空，首先考慮限定詞與介詞 【解讀】在純空格類試題中， 如果在名詞前設空，答案應首先考慮限定詞與介詞。限定詞包括冠詞(a, an, the)、物主代詞(my, your, his等)、名詞所有格、不定代詞(no, some, any, one, each, every, either, neither, another, other 等)。,【例句1】What is a good education? _ question is far from being answered. Once more, colleges and universities are revising their programs: they drop “fun courses” and reestablish some of the traditional subjects neglected since the 1960s. 解析：question為名詞，其前設空，答案應首先考慮限定詞。上文已經(jīng)提及這個問題 “What is a good education？”所以下面要論述的問題應表示特指，故用定冠詞the。 答案：The,【例句2】His teacher took a deep drink，.thanked his student very much for the sweet water.After the student left, the teacher let _ student taste the water. 解析：考查代詞。由student 單數(shù)可知前面代詞應指一個人，由上文“After the student left”可知是另一個學生。 答案：another,【例句3】Nick replied，“The only reason a man would sell salt 1._ a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect 2._ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.” 解析：考查介詞。第一空at a lower price為固定用法，意思是：以較低的價格。第二空respect for sth.意思是：對的尊重。 答案：1.at 2.for,要訣2 及物動詞后設空，首先考慮代詞或名詞 【解讀】如果動詞是及物動詞，其后應跟賓語。因此如果在及物動詞后設空，應首先考慮代詞，尤其是賓格代詞，以代替上文提到的人或者事物，或結合語境填入名詞作它的賓語。 【例句1】I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused _. 解析：及物動詞后缺賓語，純空格考慮填入人稱代詞賓格。cause sb. sth.為固定結構，故答案為her。 答案：her,【例句2】although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please _. 解析：句子缺賓語。根據(jù)句意，給父親買禮物，根據(jù)常識應是使父親高興，作賓語用代詞賓格。please him/father使他高興。 答案：him,【例句3】When I looked into their eyes, I found they didn't care, which told me it would be useless, but when I looked into _， I saw kindness. 解析：句中l(wèi)ooked into 后缺賓語， 故填代詞； 根據(jù)前文their eyes 得知此空要填名詞性的物主代詞。 答案：yours,要訣3 平時注意積累，注意習慣搭配 【解讀】語法填空中的一些純空格題實際上考查的是習慣搭配。解決此類問題，考生需要注意平時積累一些常見的固定搭配和習慣用語，多閱讀地道的英語文章，培養(yǎng)語感，這樣在做題時就可以游刃有余，又快又好。 【例句】_ view of the rising popularity of 3D films, 80 percent said the growth prospect would be good in the coming 12 months, and 60 percent suggested that 3D technology would offer more business opportunities over the next three years. 解析：in view of “鑒于，考慮到 ” 為固定搭配。 答案： In,要訣4 掌握并列句和主從復合句的結構。若兩個句子(有兩個主謂結構)之間，沒有句號或分號，就必須要有連詞，否則句子結構就不完整。接著通過判定從句類型來選擇適當?shù)倪B詞。 【解讀】(1)如果判定從屬連詞所引導的從句起形容詞的作用，則為定語從句。再根據(jù)定語從句的先行詞和代表先行詞的關系詞在從句中作什么句子成分，來確定用何關系詞，若在從句中作主語或賓語，用關系代詞；若作狀語就用關系副詞。,(2)如果判定從屬連詞所引導的從句起名詞的作用(作主語、賓語、表語、同位語)，則為名詞性從句，再根據(jù)名詞性從句的連接詞在從句中的意義和作什么句子成分，來確定用什么連接詞。 (3)如果判定從屬連詞所引導的從句起副詞的作用，則為狀語從句。再根據(jù)兩句之間的意義和邏輯關系或連詞在從句中作什么句子成分，來確定合適的連詞。,【例句1】One day, he came up with an idea _ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. 解析：that引導同位語從句， 補充說明前面idea 的內容。 答案：that,【例句2】In Lanzhou I visited a factory _ everything was very simple, including its equipment and the director's office, yet the factory turned out quite good products. 解析：這是一個定語從句， 先行詞是factory, 在這里它是一個表示場所的名詞。空格處所需要的關系詞在定語從句中作狀語，所以用where。 答案：where,【例句3】He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher. 解析：因He was very tired.是一個句子， he felt very happy.也是一個句子，這兩個句子之間沒有連詞，也沒有分號或句號，一定是填連詞；根據(jù)句意和兩句之間邏輯關系，可知兩句話是轉折關系，故填but。 答案： but,【例句4】We understand this lesson best _ we receive gifts of love from children. 解析：考查時間狀語從句， 表示“當?shù)臅r候”，故填when。 答案：when,【例句5】the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to _ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house. 解析：who引導從句作介詞as to (關于)的賓語， 同時在從句中充當主語。 答案：who,【例句6】Jane paused in front of a counter _ some attractive ties were on display. 解析：因兩句之間沒有連詞， 必定是填連詞； 后句應該是定語從句， 要填的詞必須代替先行詞counter 同時又在從句中作地點狀語， 故填關系副詞where. 答案：where,要訣5 若結構較完整，空格后的謂語動詞是原形，特別是與上下文時態(tài)不一致或主謂不一致時，很可能是填情態(tài)動詞或表示強調或倒裝的助動詞(do, does, did等)。 【例句1】What is acceptable in one country _ be considered extremely rude in another. 解析：句中What is acceptable in one country是主語從句，空格后的be considered是謂語；因其中的be是原形，故空格處必定是填情態(tài)動詞或助動詞does(由語境可知是一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是第三人稱單數(shù))；由句意及作者的語氣可知，需填表示“可能”的情態(tài)動詞may。 答案：may,【例句2】He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he _ bring home a regular salary. 解析：這是一個由but連接的并列句，由前一分句的謂語動詞had是一般過去時可知，后一分句的謂語動詞bring也應用一般過去時；可是，bring卻用的是原形，既與語境的時態(tài)不符，也與主語he不一致，該句不是倒裝句，因此，此處必定是填情態(tài)動詞或表示強調的助動詞did；由句意和作者的語氣推測，應當填對謂語動詞表示強調的助動詞did(的確)。 答案：did,要訣6 由特殊的句式結構來判斷空格應填的詞。 (1)由it is.that.強調結構形式，判斷填it還是that。 【例句】and _40_ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn't eat MSG (味精)! 解析：由句式結構可知，本句為強調句，應填it。 答案：it,(2)由倒裝句式判斷，是填構成倒裝的條件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等，還是填do, does, did等。 【例句】 _ with hard work can you expect to get pay rise. 解析：由can you expect to.可知，這是倒裝句，根據(jù)構成倒裝的條件可知，應填副詞only，因為“only 狀語(with hard work)”放在句首，句子要用倒裝。 答案：Only,(3)由it作形式主語或形式賓語的句式判斷，空格處是否填it。如： 【例句1】 .as _32_ took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world­famous artists. 解析：由句式結構可知，這是it takes sb. some time to do sth.句型，本句的不定式to steal paintings是真正的主語，空格處填形式主語it。 答案：it,【例句2】Dating sites also make _36_ easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. 解析：由句式結構可知，to avoid.是真正的賓語，easy是賓補，空格處應填作形式賓語的it。 答案：it (4)so /such.that.句型。如： 【例句】This made the goat so jealous _34_ it began plotting against (謀劃對付) the donkey. 解析：由句式結構可知，這是so.that.句型，應填that。 答案：that,