英語,第38講 完形填空,Think before we speak! It was a sunny and enjoyable day. Everyone in the _1_station was waiting for the train to arrive. Among the crowd, there was a group of young friends who were on board for vacation. It was a _2_ station with a lot of people and some juice shops, coffee and tea stalls, newspaper shops, etc. The train was arriving and everyone prepared to _3_ the train to their seats. The group of friends made loud noise to _4_ the train as it moved into the station. They ran to get their seats _5_ anyone entered the train. The empty seats were _6_ and the train whistled (鳴汽笛) to move. An old man with a young boy aged around 15 had their seats just next to the friends' group. The young boy was so _7_ to see everything. He cheered，“Dad, the train is moving and the things are moving backward.”,His father _8_and nodded his head. As the train started moving fast, the young boy again screamed (尖叫) , “Dad, the _9_are green in color and run backward very fast. ”His father said，“ Yes, dear，”and smiled. Just like a kid, he was watching everything with great _10_ A fruit seller passed selling apples, bananas and oranges. The young boy asked his dad, “I want to eat _11_.” His father bought some for him. He said, “Oh, this apple looks a lot sweeter than it tastes. I love this color.” The group was watching all the _12_of this boy and asked the boy's father，“Is your son having any problem? Why is he behaving so _13_？”,“His son is mad, I think，” a friend from the group made fun of him and shouted. The father of the young boy, with patience, _14_the friends' group, “My son was born _15_. Only a few days ago he was operated. He is seeing different things in his life for the first time. ” The young friends became very quiet.,( )1.A.railway Bbus Cpolice Dtelevision ( )2.A.dark Bsilent Cbusy Dlonely ( )3.A.get off Bget down Cget out Dget into ( )4.A.break Bwelcome Cpush Dleave ( )5.A.after Buntil Cbefore Das ( )6.A.washed Bmoved Cfilled Dcarried ( )7.A.surprised Bafraid Csorry Dproud,A,C,D,B,C,C,A,( )8.A.shouted Bsmiled Ccried Drefused ( )9.A.skies Btrees Crivers Dhouses ( )10.A.interest Bdoubt Ccourage Dsadness ( )11.A.apples Bbananas Coranges Dstrawberries ( )12.A.fruits Bwords Cclothes Dactivities ( )13.A.happily Bdifferently Cquietly Dquickly ( )14.A.quarreled with Bwaited for Creplied to Dpointed at ( )15.A.normal Bdeaf Cmad Dblind,B,B,A,A,D,B,C,D,“完形填空”題是一種旨在考查學生語法和詞匯知識綜合運用能力的典型題型。它結合了單項選擇題和短文填空的優(yōu)點，既考查了詞語搭配、近義詞辨析、動詞時態(tài)、句型結構、復合句的關聯(lián)和習慣用法等，又考查了邏輯推理和事理推斷能力。同學們只有具備了扎實的語言基本功、較好的閱讀能力及歸納判斷能力，才能適應這一題型。 (一)“完形填空”題要求填入的詞： 1語法結構所要求的功能詞。如：連接詞、連接代詞、連接副詞、關系代詞、關系副詞等。 2具有語法變化的普通詞。如：動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣，名詞的數(shù)，代詞的格，形容詞和副詞的等級等。 3固定搭配短語或詞組中的特定詞。 4同義詞、近義詞等易混淆詞。 5根據(jù)上下文意思及結構必須填入的確定詞。 (二)“完形填空”題解題策略：,1解題前要通讀全文，領悟大意。 完形填空常以文章或段落的形式出現(xiàn)，因此，通讀全文，把握文章整體大意尤為重要。很多同學為了省時間，只看選項，不看文章。不看上下文，不尋找文章中句子與句子的關系，結果做出來的答案往往是錯誤的。 2解題時要全面考慮，確定選項。 完形填空有些答案的四個選項從詞匯搭配、語法和句子結構等角度考慮均行得通，但由于文章是一個完整的統(tǒng)一體，詞、句、段三者存在著內在邏輯關系，因此考生還要從上下文中尋找有關的信息，對文章的情節(jié)進行邏輯推理，抓住含有關鍵信息的詞語，理順句子之間的關系，從而確定正確的答案。其具體做法有： 重視首句，尋求信息 完形填空本是一篇殘缺的文章，留下首句可以幫助考生了解文章的主題，可以了解短文的概貌與作者的意圖。要充分利用首句的標示作用，利用它為解題找到一個突破口，從而展開思維。,【例1】 At my primary school，I was one of the smartest kids there.I never _，but always got near prefect scores on all my tests.(2016，廈門，29) Aforgot Bstudied Cregretted 解析：首句句意為“在上小學時，我是最聰明的孩子之一?！庇纱丝芍?，下句應為“我從不學習，但在考試中幾乎都得滿分?！惫蔅項正確。,B,Ms. Tu went through about 40 failures before she succeeded.But she never _2_ and always fought on.(2016，達州，40) ( )2.A.ate up Bgave up Ctook up Dmade up,B,巧用平行結構，判斷邏輯 平行結構指的是結構相同或相似、意思密切關聯(lián)、語氣一致的句子或短語組成串排列的語言現(xiàn)象。平行結構形式上整齊勻稱，內容上聯(lián)系緊密。命題者常從平行結構的句式相同或相似這一角度，利用其意義上的關聯(lián)和對比這一特點來設題。了解這一點可大大提高解題效率。 【例3】All the family members were _ and helpful，and they made me feel at home at once.(2016，隨州，51) Aserious Bfriendly Cfamous Dexpensive 解析：該題中第一個and連接兩個形容詞，與helpful構成平行結構的單詞應為friendly。句意為“所有的家庭成員都友善且樂于助人。他們馬上讓我覺得如身處家中。”故B項正確。,B,Finally，I stopped in the air.I spread my arms wide，laughing loudly and _3_The workers pulled me up，smiling at me.(2015，長沙，40) ( )3.A.sadly Bangrily Cproudly I was so thankful that she no longer had aches and _4_(2015，寧波，27) ( )4.A.gifts Bpains Cdialogs Dmistakes,C,B,結合常識，明辨真?zhèn)?結合各類生活常識和科學常識，選擇出正確且符合邏輯的選擇。對于這類題，考生平時要做生活中的有心人，留心各種社會現(xiàn)象，積累豐富的生活知識。 【例4】 We can't force life to follow our wishes.The earth won't _ turning whether we accept it or not. Astop Bkeep Cstart 解析：句意為“我們不能強迫生活遵循我們的愿望。無論我們是否接受，地球都不會停止轉動?！惫蔄項正確。,A,It read “Dear Marie，I love you always.Miss you a lot.Don't forget me.Be _5_！Love，Mom.” That day，I cried.(2015，寧波，30) ( )5.A.serious Bhappy Cpatient Dstrict,B,熟練語法和固定搭配，輕松解題 對語法、固定搭配等基礎知識的考查也是完形填空的命題角度之一。對于這種題，考生除了要注意平時的積累外，還要針對語法結構、句式特點、短文設空中需填的詞在句中作什么成分、哪類詞適合、應采取什么形式等進行分析，從而解決問題。 【例5】A month after he was born，his mother noticed that his eyes weren't as _ as a normal baby's.(2016，孝感，36) Abig Bbigger Cbiggest Dthe biggest 解析：考查形容詞的等級及用法。此處是“asadj./adv.as.”結構，表示“和一樣”，其中adj.和adv.都用原級。故A項正確。,A,Last week，students at Rosie Bridge School worked hard to make their English Week very successful. There _6_ a lot of activities including an English book fair in the library and a treasure hunt.(2015，沈陽，16) ( )6.A.are Bwere Cis Dwas,B,多方推斷，尋求線索 完形填空所提供的是一篇具有完整意義的短文，其段與段、句與句、甚至詞與詞之間都有不可分割的、千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系。因此考生在做題時不要只注意設空處所在的短句子或段落，還要善于從上下文中尋找相關的提示信息。考生可利用正向推斷法、逆向推斷法和正逆向聯(lián)合推斷法尋找相關信息。 ·正向推斷法要求考生利用已知信息推斷下文未知信息，當然這里所指的信息包括設空處近處或遠處的信息?？忌鷳J真閱讀并分析上下文內容，弄清事實，并思考下文的發(fā)展方向，從而推斷下文的未知信息。 ·逆向推斷法要求考生利用下文已知信息反向推斷上文未知信息。當利用上文已知信息無法準確推斷下文未知信息時，不能著急，應沉著冷靜地閱讀下文，看下文哪些事實或細節(jié)是上文未知信息的延伸和發(fā)展，并由此推斷出空格處的未知信息。 ·在有些情況下，空格處未知信息既不能單獨由上文已知信息正向推斷而出，也不能單獨由下文反向推斷而出，而需要考生利用其上下文已知信息聯(lián)合推斷而出?？忌鷳J真閱讀并分析上下文，看哪些細節(jié)或事實與空格處有聯(lián)系，并由此推斷出空格處的未知信息。,正向推斷法 【例6】 As children they were never bored because there was always _ to do on the farm.(2016，綿陽，22) Anothing Beverything Csomething Danything 解析：由句中“they were never bored”可知，因為在農(nóng)場總有一些事可做。故C項正確。,C,The fire burnt Noah's neck，arms and faces.As a result，he was _7_ for a month.(2016，綿陽，33) ( )7.A.on vacation Bat home Cin hospital Dat work It seemed that the storm meant nothing to her.She sat on her seat reading a book.Sometimes she closed her eyes，then she would read again，with no _8_ or fear in her eyes.(2015，河南，40) ( )8.A.pride Bworry Canger Dregret,C,B,逆向推斷法 【例7】 It was a sunny and enjoyable day.Everyone in the _ station was waiting for the train to arrive.(2016，寧波，16) Arailway Bbus Cpolice Dtelevision 解析：由下文中“waiting for the train to arrive”可知大家都在火車站。故A項正確。,A,It was a Sunday morning，and I was in a _9_ mood (情緒)Two of my friends had gone to the movies the night before and didn't invite me.(2015，山西，31) ( )9.A.good Bterrible Cpeaceful He raised a glass of water and asked them，“How _10_ do you think this glass of water is？”Their answers are different，from 20g to 500g.(2015，河北，41) ( )10.A.heavy Bfull Cmuch Dlong,B,A,正逆向聯(lián)合推斷法 【例8】 Just then a young man jumped out of a car and asked if I was Jenny.Then we _ to the bungee jumping place.I was amazed by the sights along the road through the window of the car.(2015，長沙，34) Awalked Bran Cdrove 解析：由上句中的“out of a car”以及下句“I was amazed by the sights along the road through the window of the car.(透過車窗，我被路邊的景色驚呆了)”可知，我們是開車去的。故C項正確。,C,A man feared his wife wasn't hearing as well as she used to and he thought she might need some hearing aid (助聽)Not quite sure how to _11_ her，he called the family doctor to discuss the problem.(2016，河南，36) ( )11.A.save Bhelp Cface Dguide Do you ever watch old movies？Maybe you will see one with Carole Lombard.She was a famous _12_ in the 1930s.She died when she was only 34.In her short life she made 70 movies.(2015，天津，41) ( )12.A.nurse Bactress Cdoctor Dteacher,B,B,復讀全文，檢驗答案 把填充后的短文反復閱讀一兩遍，逐一檢查、校對所選答案是否符合短文中心思想及上下文要求，并確保沒有不符合語言規(guī)范、不符合語法規(guī)則的選項。 很多同學做完形填空題存在一個誤區(qū)，把很多的時間放到四個選項的比較上，這會降低解題效率。正確做法應是： 順藤摸瓜，首先是藤，你拿到文章之后要重點讀第一句。 瞻前顧后，在文章空格的上下文處，你覺得這個地方需要什么詞，帶著這個目的在四個選項里找。 顧全大局，做一道題時應該在段落里面理解一句話。 認清細節(jié)，比如考固定搭配的題。 總之要想成功突破完形填空必須做到：研讀首尾，抓主題；上下聯(lián)系，尋信息；左顧右盼，找搭配；思前想后，覓邏輯；語境分析，辨詞義；回讀檢查，補漏洞。,