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英語(yǔ),第38講 完形填空,Think before we speak! It was a sunny and enjoyable day. Everyone in the __1__station was waiting for the train to arrive. Among the crowd, there was a group of young friends who were on board for vacation. It was a __2__ station with a lot of people and some juice shops, coffee and tea stalls, newspaper shops, etc. The train was arriving and everyone prepared to __3__ the train to their seats. The group of friends made loud noise to __4__ the train as it moved into the station. They ran to get their seats __5__ anyone entered the train. The empty seats were __6__ and the train whistled (鳴汽笛) to move. An old man with a young boy aged around 15 had their seats just next to the friends' group. The young boy was so __7__ to see everything. He cheered，“Dad, the train is moving and the things are moving backward.”,His father __8__and nodded his head. As the train started moving fast, the young boy again screamed (尖叫) , “Dad, the __9__are green in color and run backward very fast. ”His father said，“ Yes, dear，”and smiled. Just like a kid, he was watching everything with great __10__． A fruit seller passed selling apples, bananas and oranges. The young boy asked his dad, “I want to eat __11__.” His father bought some for him. He said, “Oh, this apple looks a lot sweeter than it tastes. I love this color.” The group was watching all the __12__of this boy and asked the boy's father，“Is your son having any problem? Why is he behaving so __13__？”,“His son is mad, I think，” a friend from the group made fun of him and shouted. The father of the young boy, with patience, __14__the friends' group, “My son was born __15__. Only a few days ago he was operated. He is seeing different things in his life for the first time. ” The young friends became very quiet.,( )1.A.railway B．bus C．police D．television ( )2.A.dark B．silent C．busy D．lonely ( )3.A.get off B．get down C．get out D．get into ( )4.A.break B．welcome C．push D．leave ( )5.A.after B．until C．before D．a(chǎn)s ( )6.A.washed B．moved C．filled D．carried ( )7.A.surprised B．a(chǎn)fraid C．sorry D．proud,A,C,D,B,C,C,A,( )8.A.shouted B．smiled C．cried D．refused ( )9.A.skies B．trees C．rivers D．houses ( )10.A.interest B．doubt C．courage D．sadness ( )11.A.apples B．bananas C．oranges D．strawberries ( )12.A.fruits B．words C．clothes D．a(chǎn)ctivities ( )13.A.happily B．differently C．quietly D．quickly ( )14.A.quarreled with B．waited for C．replied to D．pointed at ( )15.A.normal B．deaf C．mad D．blind,B,B,A,A,D,B,C,D,?“完形填空”題是一種旨在考查學(xué)生語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用能力的典型題型。它結(jié)合了單項(xiàng)選擇題和短文填空的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，既考查了詞語(yǔ)搭配、近義詞辨析、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、復(fù)合句的關(guān)聯(lián)和習(xí)慣用法等，又考查了邏輯推理和事理推斷能力。同學(xué)們只有具備了扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言基本功、較好的閱讀能力及歸納判斷能力，才能適應(yīng)這一題型。 (一)“完形填空”題要求填入的詞： 1．語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)所要求的功能詞。如：連接詞、連接代詞、連接副詞、關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞等。 2．具有語(yǔ)法變化的普通詞。如：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣，名詞的數(shù)，代詞的格，形容詞和副詞的等級(jí)等。 3．固定搭配短語(yǔ)或詞組中的特定詞。 4．同義詞、近義詞等易混淆詞。 5．根據(jù)上下文意思及結(jié)構(gòu)必須填入的確定詞。 (二)“完形填空”題解題策略：,1．解題前要通讀全文，領(lǐng)悟大意。 完形填空常以文章或段落的形式出現(xiàn)，因此，通讀全文，把握文章整體大意尤為重要。很多同學(xué)為了省時(shí)間，只看選項(xiàng)，不看文章。不看上下文，不尋找文章中句子與句子的關(guān)系，結(jié)果做出來(lái)的答案往往是錯(cuò)誤的。 2．解題時(shí)要全面考慮，確定選項(xiàng)。 完形填空有些答案的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)從詞匯搭配、語(yǔ)法和句子結(jié)構(gòu)等角度考慮均行得通，但由于文章是一個(gè)完整的統(tǒng)一體，詞、句、段三者存在著內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，因此考生還要從上下文中尋找有關(guān)的信息，對(duì)文章的情節(jié)進(jìn)行邏輯推理，抓住含有關(guān)鍵信息的詞語(yǔ)，理順句子之間的關(guān)系，從而確定正確的答案。其具體做法有： ?重視首句，尋求信息 完形填空本是一篇?dú)埲钡奈恼?，留下首句可以幫助考生了解文章的主題，可以了解短文的概貌與作者的意圖。要充分利用首句的標(biāo)示作用，利用它為解題找到一個(gè)突破口，從而展開思維。,【例1】 At my primary school，I was one of the smartest kids there.I never ________，but always got near prefect scores on all my tests.(2016，廈門，29) A．forgot B．studied C．regretted 解析：首句句意為“在上小學(xué)時(shí)，我是最聰明的孩子之一?！庇纱丝芍?，下句應(yīng)為“我從不學(xué)習(xí)，但在考試中幾乎都得滿分。”故B項(xiàng)正確。,B,Ms. Tu went through about 40 failures before she succeeded.But she never __2__ and always fought on.(2016，達(dá)州，40) ( )2.A.ate up B．gave up C．took up D．made up,B,?巧用平行結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷邏輯 平行結(jié)構(gòu)指的是結(jié)構(gòu)相同或相似、意思密切關(guān)聯(lián)、語(yǔ)氣一致的句子或短語(yǔ)組成串排列的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象。平行結(jié)構(gòu)形式上整齊勻稱，內(nèi)容上聯(lián)系緊密。命題者常從平行結(jié)構(gòu)的句式相同或相似這一角度，利用其意義上的關(guān)聯(lián)和對(duì)比這一特點(diǎn)來(lái)設(shè)題。了解這一點(diǎn)可大大提高解題效率。 【例3】All the family members were ________ and helpful，and they made me feel at home at once.(2016，隨州，51) A．serious B．friendly C．famous D．expensive 解析：該題中第一個(gè)and連接兩個(gè)形容詞，與helpful構(gòu)成平行結(jié)構(gòu)的單詞應(yīng)為friendly。句意為“所有的家庭成員都友善且樂于助人。他們馬上讓我覺得如身處家中?！惫蔅項(xiàng)正確。,B,Finally，I stopped in the air.I spread my arms wide，laughing loudly and __3__．The workers pulled me up，smiling at me.(2015，長(zhǎng)沙，40) ( )3.A.sadly B．a(chǎn)ngrily C．proudly I was so thankful that she no longer had aches and __4__．(2015，寧波，27) ( )4.A.gifts B．pains C．dialogs D．mistakes,C,B,?結(jié)合常識(shí)，明辨真?zhèn)?結(jié)合各類生活常識(shí)和科學(xué)常識(shí)，選擇出正確且符合邏輯的選擇。對(duì)于這類題，考生平時(shí)要做生活中的有心人，留心各種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，積累豐富的生活知識(shí)。 【例4】 We can't force life to follow our wishes.The earth won't ________ turning whether we accept it or not. A．stop B．keep C．start 解析：句意為“我們不能強(qiáng)迫生活遵循我們的愿望。無(wú)論我們是否接受，地球都不會(huì)停止轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)?！惫蔄項(xiàng)正確。,A,It read “Dear Marie，I love you always.Miss you a lot.Don't forget me.Be __5__！Love，Mom.” That day，I cried.(2015，寧波，30) ( )5.A.serious B．happy C．patient D．strict,B,?熟練語(yǔ)法和固定搭配，輕松解題 對(duì)語(yǔ)法、固定搭配等基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的考查也是完形填空的命題角度之一。對(duì)于這種題，考生除了要注意平時(shí)的積累外，還要針對(duì)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)、句式特點(diǎn)、短文設(shè)空中需填的詞在句中作什么成分、哪類詞適合、應(yīng)采取什么形式等進(jìn)行分析，從而解決問題。 【例5】A month after he was born，his mother noticed that his eyes weren't as ________ as a normal baby's.(2016，孝感，36) A．big B．bigger C．biggest D．the biggest 解析：考查形容詞的等級(jí)及用法。此處是“as＋adj./adv.＋as.”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“和……一樣”，其中adj.和adv.都用原級(jí)。故A項(xiàng)正確。,A,Last week，students at Rosie Bridge School worked hard to make their English Week very successful. There __6__ a lot of activities including an English book fair in the library and a treasure hunt.(2015，沈陽(yáng)，16) ( )6.A.are B．were C．is D．was,B,?多方推斷，尋求線索 完形填空所提供的是一篇具有完整意義的短文，其段與段、句與句、甚至詞與詞之間都有不可分割的、千絲萬(wàn)縷的聯(lián)系。因此考生在做題時(shí)不要只注意設(shè)空處所在的短句子或段落，還要善于從上下文中尋找相關(guān)的提示信息?？忌衫谜蛲茢喾ā⒛嫦蛲茢喾ê驼嫦蚵?lián)合推斷法尋找相關(guān)信息。 ·正向推斷法要求考生利用已知信息推斷下文未知信息，當(dāng)然這里所指的信息包括設(shè)空處近處或遠(yuǎn)處的信息?？忌鷳?yīng)認(rèn)真閱讀并分析上下文內(nèi)容，弄清事實(shí)，并思考下文的發(fā)展方向，從而推斷下文的未知信息。 ·逆向推斷法要求考生利用下文已知信息反向推斷上文未知信息。當(dāng)利用上文已知信息無(wú)法準(zhǔn)確推斷下文未知信息時(shí)，不能著急，應(yīng)沉著冷靜地閱讀下文，看下文哪些事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)是上文未知信息的延伸和發(fā)展，并由此推斷出空格處的未知信息。 ·在有些情況下，空格處未知信息既不能單獨(dú)由上文已知信息正向推斷而出，也不能單獨(dú)由下文反向推斷而出，而需要考生利用其上下文已知信息聯(lián)合推斷而出。考生應(yīng)認(rèn)真閱讀并分析上下文，看哪些細(xì)節(jié)或事實(shí)與空格處有聯(lián)系，并由此推斷出空格處的未知信息。,?正向推斷法 【例6】 As children they were never bored because there was always ________ to do on the farm.(2016，綿陽(yáng)，22) A．nothing B．everything C．something D．a(chǎn)nything 解析：由句中“they were never bored”可知，因?yàn)樵谵r(nóng)場(chǎng)總有一些事可做。故C項(xiàng)正確。,C,The fire burnt Noah's neck，arms and faces.As a result，he was __7__ for a month.(2016，綿陽(yáng)，33) ( )7.A.on vacation B．a(chǎn)t home C．in hospital D．a(chǎn)t work It seemed that the storm meant nothing to her.She sat on her seat reading a book.Sometimes she closed her eyes，then she would read again，with no __8__ or fear in her eyes.(2015，河南，40) ( )8.A.pride B．worry C．a(chǎn)nger D．regret,C,B,?逆向推斷法 【例7】 It was a sunny and enjoyable day.Everyone in the ________ station was waiting for the train to arrive.(2016，寧波，16) A．railway B．bus C．police D．television 解析：由下文中“waiting for the train to arrive”可知大家都在火車站。故A項(xiàng)正確。,A,It was a Sunday morning，and I was in a __9__ mood (情緒)．Two of my friends had gone to the movies the night before and didn't invite me.(2015，山西，31) ( )9.A.good B．terrible C．peaceful He raised a glass of water and asked them，“How __10__ do you think this glass of water is？”．Their answers are different，from 20g to 500g.(2015，河北，41) ( )10.A.heavy B．full C．much D．long,B,A,?正逆向聯(lián)合推斷法 【例8】 Just then a young man jumped out of a car and asked if I was Jenny.Then we ________ to the bungee jumping place.I was amazed by the sights along the road through the window of the car.(2015，長(zhǎng)沙，34) A．walked B．ran C．drove 解析：由上句中的“out of a car”以及下句“I was amazed by the sights along the road through the window of the car.(透過車窗，我被路邊的景色驚呆了)”可知，我們是開車去的。故C項(xiàng)正確。,C,A man feared his wife wasn't hearing as well as she used to and he thought she might need some hearing aid (助聽)．Not quite sure how to __11__ her，he called the family doctor to discuss the problem.(2016，河南，36) ( )11.A.save B．help C．face D．guide Do you ever watch old movies？Maybe you will see one with Carole Lombard.She was a famous __12__ in the 1930s.She died when she was only 34.In her short life she made 70 movies.(2015，天津，41) ( )12.A.nurse B．a(chǎn)ctress C．doctor D．teacher,B,B,?復(fù)讀全文，檢驗(yàn)答案 把填充后的短文反復(fù)閱讀一兩遍，逐一檢查、校對(duì)所選答案是否符合短文中心思想及上下文要求，并確保沒有不符合語(yǔ)言規(guī)范、不符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的選項(xiàng)。 很多同學(xué)做完形填空題存在一個(gè)誤區(qū)，把很多的時(shí)間放到四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的比較上，這會(huì)降低解題效率。正確做法應(yīng)是： ①順藤摸瓜，首先是藤，你拿到文章之后要重點(diǎn)讀第一句。 ②瞻前顧后，在文章空格的上下文處，你覺得這個(gè)地方需要什么詞，帶著這個(gè)目的在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)里找。 ③顧全大局，做一道題時(shí)應(yīng)該在段落里面理解一句話。 ④認(rèn)清細(xì)節(jié)，比如考固定搭配的題。 總之要想成功突破完形填空必須做到：研讀首尾，抓主題；上下聯(lián)系，尋信息；左顧右盼，找搭配；思前想后，覓邏輯；語(yǔ)境分析，辨詞義；回讀檢查，補(bǔ)漏洞。,