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專(zhuān)題六 書(shū)面表達(dá),《普通高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》對(duì)語(yǔ)言技能目標(biāo)(八級(jí))“寫(xiě)”的要求如下：(1)能根據(jù)所讀文章進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)述或?qū)懻?2)能根據(jù)文字及圖表提供的信息寫(xiě)短文或報(bào)告；(3)能寫(xiě)出語(yǔ)意連貫且結(jié)構(gòu)完整的短文，敘述事情或表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度；(4)能在寫(xiě)作中做到文體規(guī)范、語(yǔ)句通順。從要求來(lái)看，書(shū)面表達(dá)是綜合性很強(qiáng)的題目，目的是考查學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力，看其,考綱解讀,是否能夠運(yùn)用所學(xué)的英語(yǔ)知識(shí)和掌握的技能進(jìn)行思想交流。因此，考生在寫(xiě)作時(shí)應(yīng)做到：(1)主題明確；(2)內(nèi)容充實(shí)；(3)結(jié)構(gòu)合理；(4)邏輯性強(qiáng)；(5)語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確得體。,考點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)與考情分析,問(wèn)題與對(duì)策,模板與范文,分類(lèi)突破,,,考情分析,,考點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)與考情分析,考點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)(略),通過(guò)對(duì)近三年高考新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)的分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，考查內(nèi)容在從傳統(tǒng)的單純知識(shí)型向現(xiàn)代創(chuàng)新能力型轉(zhuǎn)變，寫(xiě)作文體以應(yīng)用文為主(多以書(shū)信和電子郵件的形式出現(xiàn))，,半開(kāi)放類(lèi)占主流。這充分體現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)代高考旨在考查考生能否在體驗(yàn)現(xiàn)代生活發(fā)展節(jié)奏、把握時(shí)代脈搏的同時(shí)，將所學(xué)知識(shí)與具體實(shí)踐結(jié)合起來(lái)并靈活運(yùn)用的能力?？疾樘攸c(diǎn)歸納如下： 1.寫(xiě)作體裁與知識(shí)的實(shí)際運(yùn)用密切結(jié)合 近三年的新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷絕大部分為書(shū)信或電子郵件。這一應(yīng)用文體，在日常生活中使用較多，考生十分熟悉。寫(xiě)作話題貼近實(shí)際生活，突出了對(duì)考生處理現(xiàn)實(shí)生活實(shí)際問(wèn)題的能力的考查。如：2015年新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ——就美國(guó)的節(jié)日風(fēng)俗和中學(xué)生生活約稿(貼近生活)。,,2.突出考查考生的想象力和創(chuàng)新能力 近三年的書(shū)面表達(dá)的寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容都是來(lái)自于生活的真實(shí)情景。需要考生根據(jù)自身的生活閱歷展開(kāi)合理想象，創(chuàng)設(shè)合情合理的語(yǔ)境。如：2015年新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷(Ⅱ)——以“去敬老院陪老人們過(guò)重陽(yáng)節(jié)”為話題寫(xiě)作，與考生自身生活聯(lián)系密切。,,3.半開(kāi)放式已成主流 近幾年來(lái)，新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷書(shū)面表達(dá)全部為半開(kāi)放式寫(xiě)作。這種考查形式使考生不完全受“提示形式”和“內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)”的限制，可以適當(dāng)發(fā)揮。但這同時(shí)也對(duì)考生的寫(xiě)作能力提出了更高的要求。,,4.從高考書(shū)面表達(dá)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)看，2016年的高考在體裁和題材上應(yīng)該保持相對(duì)穩(wěn)定，寫(xiě)作類(lèi)型及提示形式也不會(huì)有太大的變化。從2015年新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷(Ⅰ)以及部分省份的考情來(lái)看，考查考生的創(chuàng)新意識(shí)、思維拓展能力和文化素養(yǎng)的試題比重會(huì)有所增加。,一、13類(lèi)常見(jiàn)失分 1.主謂不一致 (1)Three years have passed before we knew it.[誤] Three years has passed before we knew it.[正] (2)Every man and every woman like surfing the Internet here.[誤] Every man and every woman likes surfing the Internet here.[正] (3)Many a student have chatted online.[誤] Many a student has chatted online.[正],,問(wèn)題與對(duì)策,2.時(shí)態(tài)不一致 (1)They talked and talked and soon the bus comes.[誤] They talked and talked and soon the bus came.[正] (2)He said that he will come to see me soon.[誤] He said that he would come to see me soon.[正] (3)If you had come earlier，you would see the actress yesterday.[誤] If you had come earlier，you would have seen the actress yesterday.[正],,3.詞類(lèi)誤用 (1)She seated herself in the sofa and went sleep.[誤] She seated herself in the sofa and went asleep.[正] (2)After the work，we went home，tiredly and hungry.[誤] After the work，we went home，tired and hungry.[正] (3)Her kind and generosity made me feel at home.[誤] Her kindness and generosity made me feel at home.[正],4.邏輯不一致 (1)I’m eager to show you around some places of interest，but some culture centers.[誤] I’m eager to show you around some places of interest，or some culture centers.[正] (2)He went to her and gave her the present he had bought，and she refused to take it and went away.[誤] He went to her and gave her the present he had bought，but she refused to take it and went away.[正],,(3)Next time you look at a person，see if his or her face is red and pale.[誤] Next time you look at a person，see if his or her face is red or pale.[正],,5.代詞替代不一致 (1)There are so many flowers in the flowershop that I don’t know what to buy.[誤] There are so many flowers in the flowershop that I don’t know which to buy.[正] (2)It is us that are to blame for the result because we are too careless.[誤] It is we that are to blame for the result because we are too careless.[正],,(3)She took many photos during her stay in Beijing and showed it to me.[誤] She took many photos during her stay in Beijing and showed them to me.[正],,6.介詞多余 (1)Work hard，and you will make it at some time.[誤] Work hard，and you will make it some time.[正] (2)At the first time she came to see me，I was doing some reading.[誤] The first time she came to see me，I was doing some reading.[正] (3)Considering about everything，the plan is quite practical.[誤] Considering everything，the plan is quite practical.[正],,7.連詞多余 (1)She sent me an email，asking whether how I was getting along with my classmates.[誤] She sent me an email，asking how I was getting along with my classmates.[正] (2)If one more minute，and we can do it easily.[誤] One more minute，and we can do it easily.[正] (3)Because you gave us timely help，so we finished it on time.[誤] Because you gave us timely help，we finished it on time.[正],,8.冠詞多余 (1)As we know，the Sunday is the first day of a week.[誤] As we know，Sunday is the first day of a week.[正] (2)I prefer this kind of a fruit.[誤] I prefer this kind of fruit.[正] (3)Our teacher usually tells us to behave well in the public places.[誤] Our teacher usually tells us to behave well in public places.[正],,9.句子成分短缺 (1)We all strongly against the suggestion put forward at the meeting.[誤] We are all strongly against the suggestion put forward at the meeting.[正] (2)What known to all is that cars have become a popular means of transport.[誤] What is known to all is that cars have become a popular means of transport.[正],,(3)What puzzles you actually a puzzle for many parents in China.[誤] What puzzles you is actually a puzzle for many parents in China.[正],,10.及物與不及物動(dòng)詞誤用 (1)All flights this morning have put off because of the thick fog.[誤] All flights this morning have been put off because of the thick fog.[正] (2)The teacher caught me cheating in the exam，but he didn’t punish for it.[誤] The teacher caught me cheating in the exam，but he didn’t punish me for it.[正],,(3)It is known that everything depends the sunlight for growth.[誤] It is known that everything depends on the sunlight for growth.[正],,11.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞誤用 (1)He admitted to make a mistake.[誤] He admitted making a mistake.[正] (2)She objects to be treated like a child.[誤] She objects to being treated like a child.[正] (3)I regret saying that I can’t help you for I have many things to do.[誤],,I regret to say that I can’t help you for I have many things to do.[正] (4)The desk needs to repair.[誤] The desk needs repairing./The desk needs to be repaired.[正],(5)My parents expect me to study science and becoming a scientist.[誤] My parents expect me to study science and become a scientist.[正] (6)They were made work hard all day long.[誤] They were made to work hard all day long.[正] (7)I find it easy to be done.[誤] I find it easy to do.[正],(8)Comparing with you，I still have a long way to go.[誤] Compared with you，I still have a long way to go.[正] (9)Everything taking into consideration，it is a good plan.[誤] Everything taken into consideration，it is a good plan.[正],12.搭配錯(cuò)誤 (1)As time going by，more and more people prefer a healthy diet.[誤] With time going by，more and more people prefer a healthy diet.[正] (2)The bridge is in construction.[誤] The bridge is under construction.[正],(3)So far as I am concerned，riding bicycles is a good solution.[誤] As far as I am concerned，riding bicycles is a good solution.[正] (4)The thief ran to the direction of the hill.[誤] The thief ran in the direction of the hill.[正] (5)It is no doubt that drinking too much is harmful to health.[誤] There is no doubt that drinking too much is harmful to health.[正] (6)It wasn’t long when we got to the cinema.[誤] It wasn’t long before we got to the cinema.[正],13.漢語(yǔ)式表達(dá) (1)This is my first time visit to Beijing.[誤] This is my first visit to Beijing.[正] (2)I like Taiji and it is my most favorite sport.[誤] I like Taiji and it is my favorite sport.[正] (3)Our school is two miles far away from here，so you’d better take a taxi.[誤] Our school is two miles away from here，so you’d better take a taxi.[正],(4)After he returned back，he began to work at once.[誤] After he returned，he began to work at once.[正] (5)Of the two objects，I prefer the blue one better.[誤] Of the two objects，I prefer the blue one.[正],二、高分技巧 1.恰當(dāng)使用連詞、連接副詞等連接句子，可使文章邏輯性強(qiáng)，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，層次清晰，意義貫通。 Last Sunday，when my parents went out shopping，I suddenly got an idea: why not give the rooms a thorough cleaning？Firstly I collected all the books，newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in place.Then I wiped the dust off all the furniture.After that，I swept and mopped the floors.(2013·陜西),2.恰當(dāng)選用“貼切、地道的高級(jí)詞匯”。 從書(shū)面表達(dá)的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可知，運(yùn)用高級(jí)詞匯對(duì)提高書(shū)面表達(dá)的“檔次”和得分至關(guān)重要。通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法變化來(lái)的新詞、使用同(近)義詞或反義詞來(lái)代替常見(jiàn)的詞語(yǔ)是選用恰當(dāng)詞匯的有效途徑。如下表所列近義詞，用高級(jí)詞匯代替普通詞匯，會(huì)取得比較好的效果。,3.適當(dāng)使用含有“較為豐富的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)”的高級(jí)句式。 感嘆句、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、特殊句式、名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等都屬于較復(fù)雜的“語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)”。這些結(jié)構(gòu)的正確、交替使用，可以使文章的語(yǔ)言充滿層次感，從而較好地反映作者的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。此外，正確使用一些諺語(yǔ)也能給文章增色不少。,(1)感嘆句 ①What a meaningful day it was！(2015·北京，書(shū)面表達(dá)二) 這是多么有意義的一天??！ ②How happy I will be！How I wish I could be younger than now！(2015·重慶，寫(xiě)作一) 我太開(kāi)心了！我多么希望能夠比現(xiàn)在年輕一點(diǎn)！,(2)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) In the picture，a boy is fully absorbed in a book made of bamboo，with several more scrolls lying on one end of his desk.(2015·福建) 圖畫(huà)中，一個(gè)男孩在全神貫注地讀一本由竹子做成的書(shū)，桌子的一邊放著很多卷書(shū)。,(3)特殊句式 ①Can you tell us when and where？(2015·安徽) 你能告訴我們什么時(shí)間以及在哪里嗎？ ②It shows that it is hard work and determination rather than outer conditions that play a vital role in shaping a great mind.(2015·福建) 這表明成為一個(gè)偉大人物的決定因素是艱苦的工作及毅力而不是外部條件。,③It is the people who obey the rules that matter.(2015·江蘇) 重要的是遵守這些規(guī)則的人們。 ④Not only do they offer you joy and excitement，but also they encourage you to think critically.(2015·天津) 它們不僅可以讓你們開(kāi)心和興奮，而且還激勵(lì)你們進(jìn)行批判性思考。,(4)名詞性從句 ①I(mǎi) wonder if you’d like to go with me. (2015·北京，書(shū)面表達(dá)一) 我想知道你是否愿意和我一起去。 ②With the development of medical technology，we can detect whether people have major illnesses and predict whether people have a preference for food by using saliva sample，and remind people to take appropriate exercise.(2015·廣東，基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作),隨著醫(yī)療技術(shù)的發(fā)展，我們能診斷人們是否得了什么重要疾病并能通過(guò)唾液樣本預(yù)測(cè)人們對(duì)食物的偏好，同時(shí)提醒人們進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)腻憻挕?③It is just what I want.(2015·四川) 這正是我想要的。 ④I would appreciate it if you could give me more information.(2015·重慶，寫(xiě)作二) 如果你能提供更多的信息我將不勝感激。,,(5)定語(yǔ)從句 ①I(mǎi)f they often cheat in the exams，they will form a bad habit，which will have a bad effect on their life.(2015·廣東，讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)) 如果他們?cè)诳荚囍薪?jīng)常作弊，他們就會(huì)養(yǎng)成一個(gè)壞習(xí)慣，這將會(huì)對(duì)他們的生活產(chǎn)生壞的影響。 ②From this experience I have learned that questioning can serve as a bridge that helps us to seek the truth.(2015·湖北) 這次經(jīng)歷使我明白了質(zhì)疑是幫助我們探尋真理的橋梁。,③My teacher may think I am excellent and that I can do well in my study，which can make me more confident.(2015·湖南) 我的老師可能認(rèn)為我優(yōu)秀并能學(xué)好習(xí)，這樣能使我更加自信。 ④Last but not least，everyone will be happy if praised，which is the common positive emotion that everybody likes to share.(2015·湖南) 最后但同樣重要的一點(diǎn)，被表?yè)P(yáng)大家都會(huì)開(kāi)心，這是人人都愿意分享的最常見(jiàn)的正能量。,⑤The Double Ninth Festival，which is the day set aside for the elderly in our culture，is drawing near.(2015·全國(guó)Ⅱ) 重陽(yáng)節(jié)即將到來(lái)，它是在我們的文化里專(zhuān)門(mén)為老年人設(shè)置的節(jié)日。 ⑥Besides，I often teach my English teacher who comes from America Mandarin in my spare time.(2015·四川) 另外，在我的業(yè)余時(shí)間里我經(jīng)常教我的英語(yǔ)老師普通話，他來(lái)自美國(guó)。,⑦Our school will donate 5,000 copies of different valuable books to your class，which include popular science books，classic works and so on.(2015·天津) 我們學(xué)校將向你們班級(jí)捐獻(xiàn)5 000冊(cè)有價(jià)值的不同書(shū)籍，包括科普書(shū)、經(jīng)典著作等。 ⑧This is the reason why I want to interview her，not only because of her fame，but also because of her kindness and honest.(2015·安徽) 這是我想采訪她的理由，不僅僅是因?yàn)樗拿?，還是因?yàn)樗挠焉坪驼\(chéng)實(shí)。,,(6)狀語(yǔ)從句 ①I(mǎi)f you are interested in it，let me know and I’ll send you more information.(2015·北京，書(shū)面表達(dá)一) 如果你感興趣，告訴我，我會(huì)為你提供更多的信息。 ②If you’d like to join us，please let us know and we’ll wait for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning.(2015·全國(guó)Ⅱ) 如果你想加入我們，請(qǐng)告訴我們，我們將于上午9點(diǎn)在學(xué)校大門(mén)口等你。,,③If you want to speak Mandarin well.First，you should read more and watch more Chinese TV programmes.(2015·四川) 如果你想說(shuō)好普通話，首先，你應(yīng)該多讀、多看中文電視節(jié)目。 ④If you have more needs，please let me know as soon as possible.(2015·天津) 如果你有更多的需求，請(qǐng)盡快告訴我。,⑤In a word，you can write anything relevant so long as it’s interesting and informative.(2015·全國(guó)Ⅰ) 總之，你可以寫(xiě)任何相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，只要有趣味并能增長(zhǎng)見(jiàn)識(shí)。 ⑥I hope you would be so kind as to send it to us before June 28th，so that it can be published in time.(2015·全國(guó)Ⅰ) 我希望你能發(fā)善心在6月28日以前給我們寄過(guò)來(lái)，以便能夠按時(shí)出版。,⑦When I have a different opinion，I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority.(2015·浙江) 當(dāng)我有不同意見(jiàn)時(shí)，我會(huì)選擇放棄自己的意見(jiàn)并尊重大多數(shù)人的意見(jiàn)。 ⑧Once we were left to decide whether to have a picnic in a park or go to a museum.I would love to go to a museum.(2015·浙江) 一旦讓我們決定是在公園野餐還是去博物館，我愿意去博物館。,⑨If I learn English well，I can do what I love to.(2015·重慶，寫(xiě)作一) 如果我學(xué)好英語(yǔ)，我能做我喜歡做的事。 ⑩I have a preference for wild release，because it is very convenient for the other persons who want to read books.(2015·重慶，寫(xiě)作二) 我喜歡自由分享，因?yàn)檫@樣對(duì)于那些想讀書(shū)的其他人來(lái)說(shuō)很方便。,(7)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 ①So careful were we that we quickly mastered the way of doing it，starting to make our own “artwork” using a piece of dough.(2015·北京，書(shū)面表達(dá)二) 我們很細(xì)心，于是我們很快掌握了做這件事的方法，開(kāi)始用面團(tuán)制作我們自己的藝術(shù)品。 ②From this experience，I learned that it is our responsibility as well as our joy to protect the tradition.(2015·北京，書(shū)面表達(dá)二) 從這次體驗(yàn)我感受到，保護(hù)傳統(tǒng)的東西不僅是責(zé)任更是一種樂(lè)趣。,③The story tells us of a famous scholar named Kuang Heng from Western Han Dynasty.(2015·福建) 這個(gè)故事給我們講述的是西漢時(shí)期的著名學(xué)者匡衡。 ④It’s a waste of time playing games and it will have a bad effect on their study.(2015·廣東，讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)) 玩游戲是一種時(shí)間的浪費(fèi)，同時(shí)對(duì)他們的學(xué)習(xí)也有壞的影響。,⑤As a student，I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.(2015·湖南) 作為一名學(xué)生，我可以告訴你沒(méi)有什么比在同學(xué)們面前受到老師的表?yè)P(yáng)更好的事情了。 ⑥What’s worse，some drivers，cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.(2015·江蘇) 更糟糕的是，一些機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)司機(jī)、騎自行車(chē)的人以及行人并不認(rèn)為遵守交通規(guī)則很重要。,,⑦It is everybody’s duty to observe them to keep our society in order and going on the right track.(2015·江蘇) 維護(hù)社會(huì)秩序，在正確的路線上行駛是每個(gè)人應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)。 ⑧We’ll also spend some fun time together singing，dancing and playing games，which we hope will make them happy.(2015·全國(guó)Ⅱ) 我們還將一起度過(guò)一段快樂(lè)時(shí)光，一起唱、跳、玩游戲，我們希望這會(huì)使他們開(kāi)心。,,⑨I am writing to apply for the volunteer position stated in your notice.(2015·陜西) 我正在寫(xiě)信申請(qǐng)你們通知里陳述到的志愿者職位。 (8)諺語(yǔ) ①As the old saying goes，“An inch of time is worth an inch of gold”.(2015·廣東，讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)) 俗話說(shuō)，一寸光陰一寸金。 ②Every coin has its two sides.(2015·湖南) 事物是一分為二的。,4.此外還要注意以下幾個(gè)方面： (1)要有高分句意識(shí)。高分句可以用復(fù)合句、特殊句式(尤其是使用倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句等)，還可以使用諺語(yǔ)。高分句最好放在每一段的首句，這樣給人耳目一新的感覺(jué)。還可以放在文章的結(jié)尾，給人以厚重的感覺(jué)。,(2)要有段落意識(shí)。這樣使作文層次分明，條理清晰。每一段的段首或段尾有一個(gè)高分句，能為文章增色不少。 (3)要書(shū)寫(xiě)優(yōu)美。一篇優(yōu)秀的作文猶如一件藝術(shù)品，書(shū)寫(xiě)清楚，字母大小寫(xiě)勻稱，單詞間距適 當(dāng)，給人以美的享受，這樣的作文怎么能不得高分呢！,一、6種常用寫(xiě)作模板 (一)觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比類(lèi)寫(xiě)作 1.一般情況下先陳述兩個(gè)對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)，最后給出自己的看法。 (1)有人認(rèn)為…… (2)而有的人則認(rèn)為…… (3)在我看來(lái)……,,模版與范文,The theme of ① (主題) is becoming increasingly popular nowadays.There are two opposite opinions about it.Some people say they are in favor of A.Their view is that ② (支持A的理由一).What is more，③ (理由二).Moreover，④ (理由三). While some others prefer B.The reasons are as follows.First (To begin with)，⑤ (支持B的理由一).Second (Besides)，⑥ (理由二).Lastly (Finally)，⑦ (理由三).,Personally，I think ⑧ (我的觀點(diǎn)).The reason is that ⑨ (原因).Actually，reasons are various.For me，the former is surely a wise choice.,2.有時(shí)候先給出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，然后要求考生反駁這一觀點(diǎn)。 Some people hold the belief that ① (觀點(diǎn)一).For example，they think② (理由陳述).And ③ (為他們帶來(lái)的好處). Based on my own opinion，I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing，④ (我反對(duì)該看法的理由一).For another thing，⑤ (理由二). To be short，I agree to the opinion that ⑥ (我對(duì)文章所討論主題的看法).,(二)主題闡述類(lèi)寫(xiě)作 一般是從一句話或一個(gè)主題出發(fā)，然后根據(jù)所給提示中的要求進(jìn)行論述。 1.先闡述這句話或主題所蘊(yùn)涵的意義； 2.分析、舉例并使其內(nèi)容更充實(shí)。 As we know，the old famous saying ① (名言或諺語(yǔ)) reminds us that ② (釋義).Indeed，we can learn a lot from it. Firstly，③ (理由一).For example，④ (舉例說(shuō)明).,Secondly， ⑤ (理由二)．Another case is that ⑥ (舉例說(shuō)明)．Furthermore，⑦ (理由三)． But I think，⑧ (我的觀點(diǎn))．In a word，whatever you do，please remember what the saying tells us.If you do as it tells you to，you’ll surely benefit a lot from it.,(三)問(wèn)題解決方法類(lèi)寫(xiě)作 一般情況下要求考生列舉出解決問(wèn)題的多種途徑。 1.先陳述問(wèn)題現(xiàn)狀； 2.然后探討怎樣解決。 Recently，we have to face the problem ① (第一個(gè)問(wèn)題)，which is becoming increasingly serious.Firstly，② (第一個(gè)問(wèn)題的概況).Secondly，③ (進(jìn)一步列舉說(shuō)明現(xiàn)狀). Confronted with it，a series of effective measures should be,taken to deal with the situation.For one thing，④ (解決方法一).For another，⑤ (解決方法二).Finally，⑥ (解決方法三). In my opinion，I do believe that ⑦ (我的解決方法).As a consequence，I’m confident that a bright future is ahead of us because ⑧ (帶來(lái)的好處).,(四)利弊對(duì)比類(lèi)寫(xiě)作 一般情況下先說(shuō)明一下現(xiàn)狀，然后對(duì)比事物本身的利弊，但有時(shí)候往往先從一個(gè)角度(利或弊)作為切入點(diǎn)，最后要求考生表明自己的觀點(diǎn)(或?qū)κ挛锴熬疤岢鲱A(yù)測(cè))。 1.陳述事物目前狀況； 2.事物本身的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)(或一方面)； 3.你對(duì)現(xiàn)狀(或前景)的看法。,At present，many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally，its advantages can be seen as follows.First，① (A的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一).Besides， ② (A的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之二). However，each coin has its two sides.Apparently，one of its important disadvantages is that ③ (A的缺點(diǎn)之一).Worse still/To make matters worse，④ (A的缺點(diǎn)之二).,Judging from the analysis mentioned above，I am sure that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.So it’s obvious that I would like to ⑤ (我的看法). Therefore，we should take it and do it reasonably and practically.Only in this way，⑥ (對(duì)未來(lái)情況的預(yù)測(cè)).,(五)答題性議論文寫(xiě)作 Currently，there is a widespread concern over (the issue that) ① (作文題目)，which is really important to every one of us.Consequently，immediate measures must be taken to solve this problem. It’s known to all that many steps can be taken to solve this problem.First of all，② (途徑一).Additionally，another way of dealing with the problem is ③ (途徑二).,Above all，there are various ways.But as far as I am concerned，I would prefer to solve the problem in this way，that is to say，④ (方法).,(六)諺語(yǔ)警句性議論文 What is known to us is that the proverb ① (諺語(yǔ)) has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ② (諺語(yǔ)的含義).The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows ③ (舉例說(shuō)明).,二、12篇不同類(lèi)型的經(jīng)典范文 (一)給報(bào)社等的討論稿(攜帶手機(jī)的利弊) Dear Editor， [開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山] I’m a senior school student.I’m writing to tell you my opinion on whether senior high school students should go to school with mobile phones.,[個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)] I think they can do that.Because it is quite convenient for the students to keep in touch with their friends and family wherever they are.What’s more，a student can also use it for fun.,[利弊對(duì)比] However，each coin has its two sides.There exist some problems，such as，the ring of phones may disturb teachers’ teaching and students’ study.,(二)根據(jù)柱狀圖表寫(xiě)調(diào)查報(bào)告 The ideas about future jobs have changed a lot in high school students. What is the most striking contrast is teaching：40 percent of the girls would prefer to become teachers while the boys only make up 15 percent.45 percent of the boys would like to do business and another 30 percent want to be lawyers，while only 10 percent of the girls want to do so.To,the boys，they would like to become managers most and next to it，scientists.Besides teaching，girls also want to be scientists and managers.They just expect to show their abilities in these two fields.,(三)過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在對(duì)比的信件 Dear Editor， I’m a middle school student. I once had a very active and outgoing friend，but everything has changed because of his recent addiction to computer games. He used to be a very good student and was often praised by his teachers.He studied hard and did well in every subject.Besides，he often helped others with their study.,However，he is now quite a different person.He plays games all day and all night and often runs away from school.I just can’t stop him playing games again.I’m very much worried and I’m afraid it will destroy his future as well as himself. Could you tell me what I can do？I’m looking forward to your reply.Thank you very much. Yours， Li Hua,(四)圖畫(huà)與個(gè)人觀點(diǎn) The other day during the summer holidays，I came across my classmate Li Hua，who is my best friend.We talked while walking.When I asked him where to go during the holidays，he replied that he had to stay at home studying.Then I asked why.Much to my surprise，he told me that it was just because he failed in the college entrance examinations.,Personally，not only does traveling increase a student’s knowledge but also makes life meaningful.What’s more，at the present time，we students are suffering a lot both at home and school.Why not go out to get relaxed?,(五)三段式作文解讀幽默畫(huà) [闡明主題] Our schoolbags need lightening badly [圖畫(huà)內(nèi)容] The picture is about a schoolboy and a big woman.The boy with a pair of glasses is carrying a heavy schoolbag，while the woman is taking some exercise.The boy is saying to the woman jokingly，“Mum，if you carry the schoolbag for me，I’m sure you will easily lose weight.”,[社會(huì)實(shí)際] Obviously，we Chinese students are overburdened with everyday lessons and homework.Every day what we have to do is to listen to the teachers，take notes and do our homework endlessly.,[個(gè)人想法] Surely we hope to get more knowledge with fewer lectures，exercises and less homework.Only by this means can we spare some time to do sports every day.Then we will be healthy mentally and physically.,(六)敘事類(lèi)圖畫(huà)作文 Yesterday afternoon I walking in the park when suddenly I saw a touching event.At that time some people were boating on the lake.Meanwhile a girl and her parents were taking photos.All of a sudden，the little girl fell into the lake as a result of carelessness.It’s obvious that she couldn’