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Cloning,Unit 2,Section Ⅲ Using Language,Unit 2,Ⅰ.詞匯過關(guān) 1．__________ (v.) 打；撞擊；罷工→__________ (過去式)→_________________ (過去分詞) 2．__________ (adj.)虛榮的；自負(fù)的；徒勞的→__________ (n.)自負(fù)；虛榮心；無意義 3．______ (vt.)抵抗、對抗→__________ (n.)→__________ (adj.) 4．________ (adv.)僅；只；不過→________ (adj.) 5．___________ (n.)裝飾→________ (vt.) 6．________ (vt.)崇拜；愛慕；喜愛→________ (n.)崇拜者；贊美者；熱愛者,strike,struck,struck/stricken,vain,vanity,resist,resistance,resistant,merely,mere,decoration,decorate,adore,adorer,7．___________ (adj.)合情理的；講道理的；公道的→________(n.)理由；道理 8．____________ (n.)假定；設(shè)想→________ (v.) 9．___________ (vi.)退休→___________ (n.),retirement,retire,assume,assumption,reason,reasonable,Ⅱ.短語自查 1．end in failure____________ 2．look back on____________ 3．develop a disease____________ 4．put sth. to sleep_________________________ 5．(be) bound to (do)．____________________ 6．strike. into one's heart___________________ 7．用/對某物進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)______________________ 8．不時(shí)，偶爾____________________ 9．使復(fù)生；使復(fù)活_________________,bring back to life,from time to time,experiment with/on sth,以失敗告終,回顧,患病,使(動(dòng)物)無痛苦地死去,一定或注定(做)……,使……刻骨銘心,10．白費(fèi)力氣；枉費(fèi)心機(jī)____________ 11．把……傳給……______________ 12．狀況很好(壞)；情況很好(壞)_____________________,in good/poor condition,pass on.to.,in vain,Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句式 1．Diversity in a group means having animals _______________________________________. 群體的多樣性是指這群動(dòng)物的基因要以不同的方式排列。 2．So ___________________________________________ is merely a dream! 所以說恐龍回歸地球的可能性僅僅是個(gè)夢想罷了！ 3．It ________ unfair to clone any extinct animals if they ________ to live in a zoo. 任何絕種的動(dòng)物，如果一經(jīng)克隆便注定要生活在動(dòng)物園里的話，那是不公平的。,答案：1.with their genes arranged in different ways 2.the chances of dinosaurs ever returning to the earth 3.would be；were,Ⅳ.語篇理解 Read the text and choose the best answer according to the text 1. The writer of the text________. A．is excited by the possibility of cloning fierce and extinct animals B．believes that extinct animals can be brought back to life by cloning C．thinks it impossible or unsuitable to clone extinct animals like dinosaurs D．dreams of dinosaurs returning to the earth,2．The film Jurassic Park is popular because________. A．people are interested in the subject of cloning B．a(chǎn)ll the actors are dinosaurs C．it was directed by a scientist who clones dinosaurs D．it proves very interesting 3．Which of the following is TRUE? A. Mice were cloned in 1981. B. Dolly the sheep was the first cloned animal. C. The name of the cloned cow is “Bison”． D. China was successful in cloning twin calves.,4．The reasons why a group of cloned animals all die of the same illness do NOT include________. A．they have the same arrangement of genes B．there isn't enough diversity in the group for them to overcome illnesses C．the illness is a new one D．their arrangement of genes cannot resist that new disease 答案：1－4.CADC,1.strike ①v. & n. 打；擊；撞擊；碰撞；襲擊；突擊 He struck the table with his fist. 他用拳頭擊打桌子。 ②vi. & n. 罷工 The coal miners struck for better safety conditions. 煤礦工人通過罷工要求改善安全條件。,③vt. 突然想到；猛地意識(shí)到；打動(dòng)；給……印象；讓……覺得 An awful thought has just struck me. 剛才我腦子突然閃過一個(gè)可怕的想法。 She strikes me as a very efficient person. 在我眼里，她是個(gè)很干練的人。 ④v. (鐘)敲；鳴；報(bào)時(shí) The church clock just struck twelve. 教堂時(shí)鐘剛剛敲過12點(diǎn)。,知識(shí)拓展 ①striker n. 罷工的人 ②striking adj. 引人注意的 ③be/go on strike 罷工 ④It strikes sb. that. 某人突然想起…… ⑤strike. into one's heart 使某人感到…… 注意：strike可作名詞，也可作動(dòng)詞，詞義和用法都很豐富，其中作“罷工，突然想到，給……印象”解時(shí)的用法是高考?？键c(diǎn)；此外，還應(yīng)注意strike作“打，襲擊”時(shí)與hit，beat等詞的區(qū)別。,比較網(wǎng)站 beat，hit，strike,圖解助記,,活學(xué)活用 (1)用strike，beat或hit的正確形式填空 ①Fortunately，the stone failed to________him. ②He________a match and lighted a candle. ③My heart was________fast. 答案：①hit/strike ②struck ③beating,(2)The film was so interesting that it________great impression into the audience's hearts. A．a(chǎn)pproved B．published C．struck D．informed 答案：C 句意：這部電影很有趣，給觀眾留下了深刻的印象。strike.into one's heart“使……刻骨銘心”，是固定短語。approve“贊成；認(rèn)可；批準(zhǔn)”；publish“出版；發(fā)行”；inform“告知；通知”。,2．resist vt.抵抗；對抗；忍住 ①She can't resist the hot weather any more. 她再也無法忍受這么熱的天氣了。 ②She couldn't resist laughing when she saw that young man. 當(dāng)她看到那個(gè)年輕人的時(shí)候，她忍不住笑了起來。,知識(shí)拓展 ①be hard/impossible to resist 難以拒絕 ②resist sb./sth. 抵抗/抵制某人/某物 ③can't/couldn't resist doing sth. 禁不住干某事 ④resist doing sth. 抵制干某事 ⑤resistant adj. 抵抗的；有抵抗力的 ⑥be resistant to 對……有抵抗力 ⑦resistance n. 抗拒；反對；抵抗力,活學(xué)活用 (1)完成句子 ①I don't know________ ________ ________ ________ ________(怎樣抑制我的憤怒)。 ②I was unable to________ ________(忍不住哭了)． ③The crops are better________ ________ ________(抗病方面更好)． 答案：①how to resist my anger ②resist crying ③at resisting diseases,(2)—Can't you keep still? Is it so funny? —Sorry. I can hardly resist ________. A．laughing B．to laugh C．crying D．to cry 答案：A resist doing sth.為固定搭配，意為“抵制做某事，忍住不做某事”，再結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞funny可知A項(xiàng)符合題意。,1.from time to time 不時(shí)；偶爾 ①From time to time a helicopter flew by. 空中不時(shí)地有直升機(jī)飛過。 ②The food safety accidents happen from time to time. 食品安全事故時(shí)不時(shí)地發(fā)生。 ③While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一邊看書，一邊不時(shí)地點(diǎn)頭。,知識(shí)拓展 常見time短語有： at one time 從前(某個(gè)時(shí)候)；曾經(jīng)；一度 at a time 每次；一次 at all times 總是；永遠(yuǎn) for the time being 暫時(shí) in no time 很快；立刻 at no time 在任何時(shí)候都不；決不 in time 及時(shí)；遲早；過了一段時(shí)間 at one time 有個(gè)時(shí)期；曾經(jīng)；一度 all the time 一直；始終,take one's time 不著急；慢慢來 kill time 消磨時(shí)間 at the same time 同時(shí) ahead of time 提前；提早 race against time 爭分奪秒 time and again 一次又一次；重復(fù)地 keep time (鐘表)走得準(zhǔn),活學(xué)活用 (1)完成句子 Even though the Smiths have moved to a faraway place，we still see them________ ________ ________ ________(不時(shí))． 答案：from time to time,(2)Though he is a good student，he makes mistakes________. A．a(chǎn)t one time B．a(chǎn)t a time C．from time to time D．in no time 答案：C 句意：盡管他是一名好學(xué)生，但偶爾也會(huì)犯錯(cuò)。from time to time“不時(shí)；偶爾”，符合題意。at one time“曾經(jīng)；一度”；at a time“一次”；in no time“立刻；馬上”,2．bring back to life 使復(fù)生；使復(fù)活 It is impossible to bring a dead person back to life. 讓一個(gè)人死而復(fù)生是不可能的。 知識(shí)拓展 bring sb./sth.to life 使更有趣、更生動(dòng)；給……以活力；使蘇醒 come to life變得活躍；變得有趣；蘇醒過來 come to oneself(昏迷后)蘇醒過來；醒悟過來 A great actor can bring a character to life. 一個(gè)偉大的演員能讓角色生動(dòng)起來。,活學(xué)活用 完成句子 (1)In theory，cloning can________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(使一些絕跡的動(dòng)物復(fù)活)． (2)The new teacher________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(使我們的課堂恢復(fù)了生氣)． 答案：(1)bring some extinct animals back to life (2)brought our class back to life,3．in vain 白費(fèi)力氣；枉費(fèi)心機(jī) ①He tried to save his son from drowning, but in vain. 他試圖救他兒子免于溺死，但是徒然。 ②All their attempts were in vain. 他們所有的嘗試都是徒勞。 ③The police searched in vain for the missing gunman. 警察搜尋那個(gè)失蹤的持槍歹徒，但徒勞無獲。 注意：in vain“徒勞，白費(fèi)力氣”，用于句首時(shí)句子要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 He tried in vain to memorize the poem. →In vain did he try to memorize the poem. 他怎么背都沒辦法把那首詩背出來。,知識(shí)拓展 vain adj.虛榮的；徒勞的；自負(fù)的 try in vain to do sth.枉費(fèi)心機(jī)地做某事 They made vain attempts to reach the mountain top. 他們幾次嘗試登上山頂都失敗了。 He tried in vain to stop smoking. 他怎么努力也無法戒掉煙。,活學(xué)活用 (1)翻譯句子 過分的贊揚(yáng)會(huì)使人自高自大。 ________________________________________________ 答案：Too much praise can make a man vain.,(2)His efforts to raise money for his program were________because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets. A．in place B．in sight C．in effect D．in vain 答案：D 句意：他為自己的項(xiàng)目籌款的努力付諸東流了，因?yàn)闆]有人愿意掏腰包。in vain表示“枉費(fèi)心機(jī)；徒勞無益；白費(fèi)力氣”。,4．in good/poor condition 狀況好/差 ①The house was in poor condition. 這所房子狀況不佳。 ②My car is old but in good condition. 我的車雖舊，但狀況良好。 ③Keepers said the pandas were in good condition. 飼養(yǎng)員說大熊貓的狀態(tài)良好。,知識(shí)拓展 ①on condition that 在……的條件下；倘若…… I will go abroad on condition that I earn enough money. 如果我掙到足夠的錢，我就出國。 ②in condition 健康狀況好；保存得好 ③out of condition 健康狀況不好；保存得不好 ④on this/that condition 在這個(gè)/那個(gè)條件下 ⑤in good shape (植物)狀態(tài)良好；(指人)身體健康…… 注意：condition表示“條件；疾病”時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞；表示“健康狀況；可使用狀況”時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞；表示“形勢；環(huán)境”時(shí)多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。,活學(xué)活用 (1)His father was in poor________，who had drunk far too much whiskey. A．condition B．environment C．situation D．position 答案：A 句意：他父親身體狀況很糟糕，他喝了太多的威士忌。in poor condition“(健康)狀況很壞”，符合題意。environment“環(huán)境”；situation“情形；境遇”，一般指大范圍的外部的事態(tài)；position“位置；職位”。,(2)I agree to his suggestion________the condition that he drops all charges. A．by B．in C．on D．to 答案：C 句意：我同意他的建議，條件是他放棄所有指控。on the condition that起連詞作用，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意思是“條件是，以……為條件”。,1.The popularity of films such as Jurassic Park, in which a scientist clones several kinds of extinct dinosaurs, proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into people's hearts. 在《侏羅紀(jì)公園》這部影片中，一位科學(xué)家克隆了幾種已絕種的恐龍。類似《侏羅紀(jì)公園》的電影很受歡迎證明了這一想法讓人覺得既恐懼又興奮。 本句的主干是The popularity.proves.，句中how引導(dǎo)賓語從句；主句中又包含in which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，先行詞為Jurassic Park。,The school (which/that) he once studied in is very famous.＝The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾經(jīng)就讀過的學(xué)校很有名。 There are sixty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 我們班總共有60個(gè)學(xué)生，大多數(shù)來自大城市。 注意：“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句一般根據(jù)三個(gè)原則來確定介詞：①根據(jù)從句的謂語動(dòng)詞；②根據(jù)先行詞；③根據(jù)句子意思。但也有許多考題需要我們把從句補(bǔ)充完整，建立與主句的聯(lián)系，才能找到這個(gè)介詞與句中其他部分的關(guān)系。,活學(xué)活用 She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ________ had taken more than three years. A．for which B．with which C．of which D．to which 答案：C 考查定語從句。句意：她帶領(lǐng)游客參觀這家博物館。這家博物館的建設(shè)歷經(jīng)三年多才完工。定語從句中whose＋名詞＝of which＋the＋名詞＝the＋名詞＋of which，由此可知答案為C項(xiàng)。,2．Diversity in a group means having animals with their genes arranged in different ways. 種群多樣性是指種群中動(dòng)物的基因要以不同的方式排列。 (1)本句是簡單句，動(dòng)名詞短語having animals.作means的賓語，with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(即“with＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu))作后置定語，arrange與their genes為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 (2)with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：,(3)with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的用法： 作定語 She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on both sides. 她看到一條兩岸長著紅花和綠草的小溪。 作狀語 ①She left the office with tears in her eyes. 她眼里含著淚，離開了辦公室。(表示伴隨狀況) ②With his key lost，he couldn't get into the office. 由于鑰匙丟了，他進(jìn)不了辦公室。(表示原因),③The children began to watch TV with the homework done. 孩子們完成作業(yè)以后開始看電視。(表示時(shí)間) ④I'd like to see the new film with time permitting. 如果時(shí)間許可，我想看那部新電影。(表示條件) ⑤The battle ended with the enemy defeated. 戰(zhàn)斗結(jié)束了，敵人被打敗了。(表示結(jié)果),巧學(xué)助記 with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)用法口訣 with結(jié)構(gòu)并不難，with后面賓語連， 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系用過分，主謂關(guān)系用現(xiàn)分， 將來要把不定跟，還有三種形副介。,活學(xué)活用 (1)用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 ①With so many essays________(write)，he won't have time to go shopping this morning. ②He felt more uneasy with the whole class________(stare)at him. 答案：①to write ②staring,(2)With a growing number of college graduates________themselves to belong to the lower levels of society，experts suggest that students lower their expectations of the job market. A．considered B．considering C．to consider D．to be considered 答案：B 句意：面對自認(rèn)處于較低社會(huì)層次的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生人數(shù)的增加，專家們建議大學(xué)生們應(yīng)該降低對就業(yè)市場的期望值。在with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，graduates與consider為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。,3．It would be unfair to clone any extinct animals if they were to live in a zoo. 任何絕種的動(dòng)物，如果一經(jīng)克隆便注定要生活在動(dòng)物園里的話，那是不公平的。 本句是虛擬條件句，且表示的是與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。虛擬條件句在不同虛擬條件下，主從句謂語形式一覽表：,If it should rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. 如果明天下雨，會(huì)議將延期。 If I had lots of money, I would buy a car. 如果我有很多錢，我就買一輛小汽車。 If he had won the game, he would not have been so sad. 如果他贏得比賽的話，他就不會(huì)那么悲傷。,注意：若條件從句中含有were，had，should等，可將if去掉，并把were，should或had提到主語前。 Had you studied hard, you would have passed the exam. 如果你努力學(xué)的話，你早已通過考試了。 Should I not take the exam tomorrow, I would go for a picnic with you. 如果明天不考試的話，我就和你一起去晚餐。,活學(xué)活用 (1)(2014·北京)We ________ back in the hotel now if you didn't lose the map. A．a(chǎn)re B．were C．will be D．would be 答案：D 考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)從句的時(shí)態(tài)可知，空格處表示對現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，再結(jié)合if虛擬句的特點(diǎn)可知D項(xiàng)正確。句意：要是你沒有把地圖弄丟了的話，我們現(xiàn)在就已經(jīng)回到旅館了。,(2)(2014·福建)________ no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. A．Were there B．Had there been C．If there are D．If there have been 答案：A 考查虛擬語氣的倒裝。根據(jù)主句中的would have to wait可知，空格處應(yīng)表示對現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，故從句用一般過去式；另外，當(dāng)if從句中含有be動(dòng)詞were及助動(dòng)詞had時(shí)，可以把主語和if省略，同時(shí)把were或had提前，構(gòu)成倒裝句。句意：如果沒有現(xiàn)代化的電信設(shè)施的話，我們將不得不等候好幾周的時(shí)間來獲得來自世界各地的消息。,(3)(2013·江蘇·30)I should not have laughed if I ________ you were serious. A．thought B．would think C．had thought D．have thought 答案：C 考查虛擬語氣。句意：我本不應(yīng)該笑的，如果想到你是嚴(yán)肅的。由主句should not have laughed可以看出，與過去事實(shí)相反，所以if引起的條件狀語從句用過去完成時(shí)。故選C項(xiàng)。,4．Based on what we know now, you cannot clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years. 就我們現(xiàn)在所知，你不可能克隆那些已經(jīng)絕種超過一萬年的動(dòng)物。 過去分詞短語based on.作狀語。介詞on后接what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。句中that引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為animals。過去分詞作狀語的用法主要有：,①作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于as，since，because引導(dǎo)的從句，這類狀語多放在句子的前半部分。 Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.(Since/As she was given advice by the famous detective.) 有了著名的偵探的指點(diǎn)，這位年輕的女士不再害怕了。,②作時(shí)間狀語(相當(dāng)于when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，可在分詞前用when，while等使其時(shí)間意義更明確。) When heated, water can be changed into steam. 水加熱后可以變成蒸汽。 Discussed (Having been discussed) many times, the problems were settled at last. 在討論了多次之后，問題終于解決了。(過去分詞既表被動(dòng)又表完成) Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. 從山上看這個(gè)公園非常漂亮。(過去分詞只表被動(dòng)),③作條件和假設(shè)狀語(相當(dāng)于if，unless引導(dǎo)的從句) Given more time, we can finish the task on time. 如果被給更多的時(shí)間，我們能按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。 ④作方式或伴隨情況狀語 The hunter left his house, followed by his dog. 獵人離開了屋子，后面跟著他的狗。 She sat by the window, lost in thought. 她坐在窗前，陷入沉思。,注意：分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語要與句子的主語保持一致，否則分詞短語就要有自己的邏輯主語(用名詞或代詞的主格來表示)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs. 積蓄全部用完了，我們就開始找工作。(All our savings gone是含有過去分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)) He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 他滿臉是汗地沖進(jìn)屋內(nèi)。(his face covered with sweat是包含過去分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)),活學(xué)活用 (1)(2014·天津)Clearly and thoughtfully ________， the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. A．writing B．to write C．written D．being written 答案：C 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：因?yàn)榍逦艿降乇粚懗鰜?，這本書鼓舞了想尋找自己答案的學(xué)生的自信心。the book與write之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故排除A、B項(xiàng)；此處不表示正在進(jìn)行。故排除D項(xiàng)。,(2)________ an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later. A．Based B．Basing C．Base D．To base 答案：B 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。you與base之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表主動(dòng)。句意：如果憑情感而不是理智作出這個(gè)決定，你遲早會(huì)后悔的。,5．So the chances of dinosaurs ever returning to the earth is merely a dream! 所以說恐龍回歸地球的可能性僅僅是個(gè)夢想罷了！ dinosaurs ever returning to the earth 為“動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”，在句中作介詞of的賓語。動(dòng)名詞帶上自己的邏輯主語，就構(gòu)成了動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。其邏輯主語一般由物主代詞、名詞所有格、人稱代詞的賓格和名詞來充當(dāng)。在口語中，物主代詞和名詞所有格可分別由人稱代詞的賓格或名詞代替。在句中可以充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語。,①Would you mind my/me opening the window? 我打開窗子你介意嗎？ ②He insisted on his son's/his son going to college. 他堅(jiān)持讓他兒子上大學(xué)。 知識(shí)拓展 (1)動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語或動(dòng)名詞本身為being時(shí)，用“物主代詞/名詞所有格＋v.-ing” Mary's coming late made her teacher Mr. Smith quite angry. 瑪麗的遲到使她的老師史密斯先生非常生氣。,(2)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語為無生命的東西時(shí)，用“普通格＋v-ing” Is there any hope of our team winning the game? 我們的球隊(duì)有獲勝的希望嗎？ (3)有生命的名詞但表示泛指意義，用“普通格＋v-ing” Have you ever heard of women playing football? 你聽說過婦女踢足球的事嗎？,(4)兩個(gè)以上的有生命的名詞并列時(shí)，用“普通格＋v-ing” Do you remember my brother and me coming to see you the other day? 你記得我弟弟和我前幾天來看你那件事嗎？ (5)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，用“普通格＋v-ing” There are many reasons for animals dying out. 動(dòng)物滅絕有多種原因。,(6)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語被其他成分說明或修飾時(shí)，用“普通格＋v.-ing” Have you heard of Miss Gao, our English teacher, going to the USA? 你聽說我們的英語教師高老師要去美國嗎？,活學(xué)活用 (1)It is difficult to imagine his________the decision without any consideration. A．a(chǎn)ccept B．a(chǎn)ccepting C．to accept D．a(chǎn)ccepted 答案：B 句意：很難想象他竟然不假思索就接受了這個(gè)決定。imagine 后只能接動(dòng)名詞(或動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))作賓語，不能接不定式作補(bǔ)語(即：imagine sb. to do sth.句式不存在)。,(2)________the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. A．The president will attend B．The president to attend C．The president attend D．The president's attending 答案：D 句意：總統(tǒng)親自參加會(huì)議給了他們莫大的鼓舞。本題考查動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，必須采用“名詞的所有格＋v.-ing的形式”。,寫作指導(dǎo) 如何寫辯論報(bào)告 Ⅰ.寫作策略探究 這類文章要求用一定的理由來說明自己對事物或問題的見解，屬于議論文的范疇。寫作時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：,單 元 寫 作,1．篇章特點(diǎn) 議論文是一種以議論為主要表達(dá)方式的文體。就是擺事實(shí)、講道理，并要求通過多方面的分析，把道理說通、說透。議論文有三要素，即論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證。論點(diǎn)的基本要求是：觀點(diǎn)正確，認(rèn)真概括，有實(shí)際意義，恰當(dāng)?shù)鼐C合運(yùn)用各種表達(dá)方式；論據(jù)的基本要求是：真實(shí)可靠，充分典型；論證的基本要求是：推理必須符合邏輯。,2．注意事項(xiàng) 寫作時(shí)應(yīng)注意： 第一，要提出正確鮮明的論點(diǎn)。一般來說，要把論點(diǎn)寫在篇首或段首，這樣能起到綱舉目張的效果，讓讀者讀起來更容易把握文章思路。 第二，要重視論據(jù)這一關(guān)的闡述。論據(jù)就是用來證明論點(diǎn)的事實(shí)和道理。要有足夠的論據(jù)，可以列舉生活的實(shí)例來證明論點(diǎn)。,第三，論證是議論文中必不可少的部分。一段完整的議論，只有通過論證證明論據(jù)和論點(diǎn)之間的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，才能將論據(jù)和論點(diǎn)融為一體，也才能構(gòu)成一篇完整的、有說服力的文章。,3．寫作形式 此類作文一般有兩種寫法。 (1)文章分三部分進(jìn)行論述： 第一部分：提出論點(diǎn) 第二部分：給出論據(jù) 第三部分：得出結(jié)論 (2)文章分四部分進(jìn)行論述 第一部分：說明辯論的主題、參與者等 第二部分：列舉正方的觀點(diǎn)及其理由 第三部分：列舉反方的觀點(diǎn)及其理由 第四部分：闡明自己的觀點(diǎn),4．常見的寫作用語 總結(jié)： There are different opinions among people as to. We had a heated discussion about. Different people hold different opinions. Opinions are divided. People have taken/adopted different attitudes towards. People have different opinions on this problem. People take different views on this question.,表達(dá)不同觀點(diǎn)： . of them hold the opinion that. . of them are in favour of the idea that. People who are for/against the idea think. Some people believe that. Others argue that.,不同觀點(diǎn)之間的銜接用語： However, . of them hold a different view./. of them hold the opposite opinion. People who are against it don't think so. However, each coin has two sides. Different from those., . people think On the other hand, . people object that and, as well as, also. besides, in addition, moreover, what's more. unlike, on the contrary, on the other hand.,話題導(dǎo)入 請根據(jù)下面的提示寫一篇短文。 人們對于是否該用動(dòng)物進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)持有不同意見。請你就此用英語寫一篇辯論性的短文，介紹人們的不同觀點(diǎn)，并表達(dá)自己的看法。,注意：詞數(shù)120個(gè)左右。,寫作詞匯熱身 ①贊成______________ ②對……非常重要______________ ③該受責(zé)備________________ ④在某人看來________________ 答案：①in favour of ②be vital for ③be to blame ④in one's opinion,寫作表達(dá)練習(xí) ①Whether it is fair or not to animals is still an open question.(用it作形式主語改寫句子) ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ②Scientists can't develop new kinds of medicine to save people from painful diseases and death if they don't do animal testing.(用“only＋狀語”引起倒裝句式改寫句子) ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________,③We must control the number of animals that are used in the scientific research.(用分詞作定語改寫句子) ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 答案：①It is still an open question whether it is fair or not to animals. ②Only by doing animal testing can scientists develop new kinds of medicine to save people from painful diseases and death. ③We must control the number of animals used in the scientific research.,參考范文 Nowadays animal testing is widely used; however, it is still an open question whether it is fair or not to animals. Some people are in favour of animal testing. They think it is vital for modern science and medicine. Scientific progress is impossible without animal testing. We will not have a lot of new drugs if animal testing is forbidden. Others are against animal testing.When animals die during the experiment，no one is to blame. It is cruel and unfair to animals.,In my opinion，although animal testing is cruel, it is essential. Only by doing animal testing can scientists develop new kinds of medicine to save people from painful diseases and death. But we must control the number of animals used in the scientific research.,Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．Do you think it's________(合情理的) to expect people to work more than 60 hours a week? 2．He couldn't________(抗拒) showing off his new car. 3．So the chance of dinosaurs ever returning to the earth is________(僅) a dream. 4．She was punished for driving above the________(規(guī)定) speed. 5．The problem has been________(困擾) me for weeks. 6．They have just finished the________(裝飾) of the bathroom.,7．Every servant will________(退休) from his position at the age of 60. 8．Many cases are handled without strictly following legal________(程序) in China. 9．The teacher is capable of making complicated problems________(簡單) for the students to accept easily. 10．________(反對) to smoking is taken by most people. 答案：1.reasonable 2.resist 3.merely 4.regulation 5．bothering 6.decoration 7.retire 8.procedure 9．straightforward 10.Objection,Ⅱ.選詞填空 1．To avoid accidents，it's important to check that all your tools are________before starting. 2．All the doctors' efforts were________and the man soon died. 3．________a helicopter flew by，but mostly the sky remained clear.,,4．If you worked hard，you should________succeed. 5．My father died last year—I wish I could________him________. 6．Such a mistake would perhaps________disastrous consequences. 7．Many people________starvation during famines every year. 8．She________that no matter what happen she would stay there.,9．Even an experienced climber can________trouble. 10．The demonstration________a violent clash with the police. 答案：1.in good condition 2.in vain 3.From time to time 4.be bound to 5.bring；back to life 6.lead to 7.die of 8.made up her mind 9.get into 10.ended in,