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Pygmalion,Unit 4,Section Ⅰ Warming-up; Pre-reading, Reading & Comprehending,Unit 4,Ⅰ.詞匯過關(guān) 1．音意記憶。 (1)________(n.)情節(jié)；陰謀 (2)________(vi.)吹口哨；發(fā)出汽笛聲；(n.)口哨聲； 汽笛聲 (3)________(n.)皮夾； 錢包 (4)________(adj.)光輝燦爛的；杰出的；才華橫溢的 (5)________(vt.)把……分類；把……歸類 (6)________(n)談?wù)?；言論；評(píng)述(vt.& vi)談?wù)?；評(píng)論；說起,plot,whistle,wallet,brilliant,classify,remark,(7)__________(vt.)譴責(zé)；使……注定 (8)________(n.)身份；地位；職位,condemn,status,2．形意記憶。 (1)adapt (vt.)改編；使適應(yīng)→__________ (n.)適應(yīng)(性)；改編本 (2)wool (n.)毛線；絨線→__________ (adj.) 毛紡的；純毛的 (3)uncomfortable (adj.) 不舒服的；不安的；不自在的→_____________ (adv.)不舒服地；不自在地 (4)hesitate (vi.) 猶豫；躊躇→__________(n.)躊躇 (5)trouble (n.)麻煩→____________ (adj.)帶來麻煩的；使人心煩的,adaptation,wool(l)en,uncomfortably,hesitation,troublesome,(6)proper (adj.)適當(dāng)?shù)?；恰?dāng)?shù)摹鷂_______ (adv.)適當(dāng)?shù)?；恰?dāng)?shù)?(7)mistake (n.) 錯(cuò)誤→________ (adj.)(見解或判斷上)錯(cuò)誤的；不正確的,properly,mistaken,Ⅱ.短語(yǔ)自查 1．(把某人)改變或冒充成______________________ 2．結(jié)識(shí)；與……相見__________________________ 3．一般來說__________________________ 4．就……來說；從……角度___________________ 5．in all directions__________________________ 6．hand over __________________________ 7．a(chǎn) handful of__________________________ 8．in disguise __________________________ 9．in amazement__________________________,pass.off as.,make one's acquaintance,generally speaking,in terms of,朝四面八方,交出；移交,少數(shù)(人或物),偽裝(的)；假扮(的),震驚；驚訝,Ⅲ.語(yǔ)篇理解 Choose the best answers according to the text FATEFUL MEETINGS. 1．This text is mainly about the first experience of Eliza meeting with ________. A．Professor Higgins B．Colonel Pickering C. Professor Higgins and Colonel Pickering D. a gentleman,2. Eliza greets to the gentleman in order to________. A. ask him to buy some flowers from her B. talk with him C. ask him to teach her D. beg some money from him 3. Why Eliza begins to cry? Because ________. A. she thinks Professor Higgins will arrest her B. the gentleman doesn't give her any money C. Pickering beats and scolds her D. there is no reason,4. Professor Higgins believes that he can judge a person by ________. A. his appearance B. his action C. his conversation D. his manners 5. From the text, we can infer that Professor Higgins is a man described below EXCEPT________. A. he doesn't care about money B. he is an expert in phonetics C. he is proud D. he is greedy 答案：1～5 CAACD,1.adaptation n. 改編(本)；適應(yīng)(性) ①The TV play is an adaptation of a novel. 這部電視劇是由一部小說改編的。 ②The book described the adaptation of desert species to the hot conditions. 這本書描繪了沙漠物種對(duì)炎熱環(huán)境的適應(yīng)。,知識(shí)拓展 (1)make an adaptation to 適應(yīng)…… (2)adapt v．(使)適應(yīng)；(使)適合 vt. 改編，修改 adapt (oneself) to. 適應(yīng)…… adapt.for 為……改編 adapt sth. into.把……改編成…… adapt sth. from.由……改編……,①This novel has been adapted for radio. 這部小說已被改編成無線電廣播節(jié)目。 ②Successful businesses are highly adaptable to economic change. 成功的企業(yè)對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)變的適應(yīng)能力很強(qiáng)。,比較網(wǎng)站 adapt，adopt,He found it hard to adapt his way of life to the firm. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的生活方式很難適應(yīng)公司(的要求)。 The manager adopted my idea. 經(jīng)理采納了我的意見。,活學(xué)活用 (1)完成句子 ①這些式樣可以修改，以適應(yīng)個(gè)人不同愛好。 These styles can ________ ________ ________ suit individual tastes. ②許多歷史事件被吸收進(jìn)京劇曲目中。 Many historical events are ________ ________ the Beijing Opera plays. 答案：①be adapted to ②adapted into,(2)用adopt或adapt完成下列句子 ①All his suggestions have been ________. ②The number of the ________ children (領(lǐng)養(yǎng)的孩子)has risen in the past year. ③This TV series is ________ from one of Lao She's famous novels. 答案：①adopted ②adopted ③adapted,2．grant v. 同意，準(zhǔn)許，允許；承認(rèn)，同意 ①The bank finally granted a ￡400 loan to me./The bank finally granted me a ￡400 loan. 銀行終于同意給我貸款400英鎊。 ②Are you ready to grant that I was right? 你是否愿意承認(rèn)我是對(duì)的？,知識(shí)拓展 take it for granted(that.) 認(rèn)為……是理所當(dāng)然 take sb./sth. for granted(因習(xí)以為常)對(duì)……不予重視；(因視為當(dāng)然而)不把……當(dāng)回事 ①I take it for granted(that)you have read this book. 我認(rèn)為你一定讀過這本書。 ②He never praises his wife: he just takes her for granted. 他從不夸妻子，只是覺得她做的一切理當(dāng)如此。,活學(xué)活用 I just took________for granted that he'd always be around. A．it B．this C．a(chǎn)s D．seriously 答案：A 句意：我還想當(dāng)然地以為他總能隨叫隨到呢。take it for granted(that.)表示“認(rèn)為……是理所當(dāng)然的”。,3．hesitate vi. 猶豫；躊躇 ①Don't hesitate about that. Do it at once! 關(guān)于此事不要再猶豫了。馬上去做吧！ ②I didn't hesitate for a moment about taking the job. 我毫不猶豫地接受了那份工作。,知識(shí)拓展 (1)hesitate to do sth. 做某事猶豫不決 (2)hesitation n. 猶豫；躊躇 without hesitation 毫不猶豫地 Without any hesitation, he jumped into the river to save the drowning child. 他毫不猶豫地跳下河去救溺水的孩子。,活學(xué)活用 (1)完成句子 ①He accepted the invitation ________ ________.(hesitate) 他毫不猶豫地接受了邀請(qǐng)。 ②Do you still ________ ________ ________ a new car？(buy) 對(duì)于買新車一事，你還在猶豫不決嗎？ 答案：①without hesitation ②hesitate about buying,(2)We are at your service. Don't______to turn to us if you have any further problems. A．beg B．hesitate C．desire D．seek 答案：B 句意：我們將為你提供服務(wù)。如果你有其他問題，盡管來找我們好了。hesitate表示“顧慮；疑慮”。,4．mistaken adj. (見解或判斷上)錯(cuò)誤的；不正確的 If I'm not mistaken, that's the man we saw on the bus. 要是我沒認(rèn)錯(cuò)人的話，我們?cè)诠财嚿峡匆姷木褪悄莻€(gè)男子。 知識(shí)拓展 be mistaken about.對(duì)……持錯(cuò)誤的見解 mistake.for.把……錯(cuò)認(rèn)為…… mistake sb./sth. 誤解/誤會(huì)某人/某事 mistake n. 錯(cuò)誤 by mistake 錯(cuò)誤地,①He is mistaken about happiness. 他對(duì)幸福持有錯(cuò)誤的見解。 ②This time we find that the bees mistake red for dark grey or black. 這時(shí)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，蜜蜂錯(cuò)把紅色當(dāng)成深灰色或黑色。 ③I hope you will forgive me for opening your letter by mistake. 我誤拆了您的信，期望您原諒。,活學(xué)活用 完成句子 (1)我一定是誤解你的意思了。 I ________ ________ ________ your meaning. (2)抱歉！我錯(cuò)拿了你的雨傘。 Sorry, I took your umbrella ________ ________. (3)在過去人們把信仰錯(cuò)認(rèn)為科學(xué)。 In the old days people ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ 答案：(1)am mistaken about (2)by mistaken (3)mistook their beliefs for the science,5．classify vt. 編排；分類；歸類 ①The books in the library are classified by subject. 圖書館的書是按科目分類的。 ②We can classify these titles into three headings. 我們可以將這些題目加以分類成三個(gè)主題。 ③The government classified such people as middle peasants. 政府把這樣的人歸類為中等農(nóng)民。 知識(shí)拓展 ①classified adj. 分類的；歸類的 ②classification n．[U]分類；分級(jí)；[C]類別；等級(jí),圖解助記,,比較網(wǎng)站 classify, sort, organize與arrange 這些動(dòng)詞均含“使有條理，安排”之意。 (1)classify指按照事物類型、質(zhì)量或是否相似進(jìn)行分類。 We will classify these subjects under three topics. 我們將把這些問題分成三個(gè)主題。 (2)sort 通常指根據(jù)類型或種類分類或整理選擇。 I sorted the shoes into pairs. 我把鞋一雙雙整理好。,(3)organize 指按計(jì)劃或需要把人或物安排組織成一個(gè)整體。 A search party was organized to look for the man trapped in the snow. 為了尋找在雪中被困的人，我們成立了一個(gè)搜索隊(duì)。 (4)arrange 指按計(jì)劃、秩序、需要和可能等進(jìn)行安排。 A special show was arranged to admit free the family members of the miners. 安排了一個(gè)專場(chǎng)來免費(fèi)招待礦工家屬。,活學(xué)活用 (1)用classify的適當(dāng)形式填空 ①People who work in libraries spend a lot of time ________ books. ②Only eleven of these accidents were ________ as major. ③The ________ of fish is extremely complicated. ④If you look in the ________ part of the telephone book you'll find plenty of hotels. 答案：①classifying ②classified ③classification ④classified,(2)Would you________her novels as serious literature or as mere entertainment? A．classify B．sort C．organize D．a(chǎn)rrange 答案：A 句意：你認(rèn)為她的小說屬于文學(xué)類呢， 還是屬于通俗讀物類？classify sb./sth. as sth.表示“劃分；界定”。,6．remark n. 談?wù)?；言論；評(píng)述 vt. & vi. 談?wù)?；評(píng)論；說起 常用表達(dá)：make a remark/remarks on/about 就……發(fā)表意見；對(duì)……評(píng)頭品足 make no remark 什么也不說；不加評(píng)論 remark that 評(píng)論…… remark on/upon 談?wù)?評(píng)論……,He made a number of rude remarks about the food here. 關(guān)于這里的食物他做了許多無禮的評(píng)論。 A local newspaper remarked that car accidents were on the decrease due to the forceful law. 一家地方報(bào)紙?jiān)u論說由于強(qiáng)有力的法律措施，車禍在減少。 Prof. Smith remarked on the difference between the two dictionaries. 史密斯教授談到了這兩本詞典的不同之處。,知識(shí)拓展 remarkable adj. 引人注目的；不尋常的；非凡的 pass remarks about/at sb. 議論某人,活學(xué)活用 (1)It was his ________ made at the conference that left me wondering about his real purpose. A．marks B．remarks C．symbols D．signs 答案：B 句意：是他在會(huì)議上的評(píng)論才使得我想知道他的真實(shí)目的。remark“言論，評(píng)述”；mark“記號(hào)”；symbol“象征”；sign“跡象”。由句意可知選B。,(2)He remarked________Jane that he had not heard from Sally for a long time. A．on B．over C．To D．for 答案：C 句意：他對(duì)簡(jiǎn)說已經(jīng)好久沒收到薩莉的信了。remark to sb表示“向……說起”。,7．betray vt. 出賣；背叛；顯露出(本來面目) ①In failing to return the money he betrayed our trust. 他未能歸還那筆錢從而辜負(fù)了我們的信任。 ②His voice betrayed the worry he was trying to hide. 他的聲音掩蓋不了他內(nèi)心的擔(dān)憂。 ③His accent at once betrayed the fact that he was a foreigner. 他的口音立即顯現(xiàn)出他是一個(gè)外國(guó)人的事實(shí)。,知識(shí)拓展 betray＋sth./sb.＋to. 向……出賣/背叛某事/某人 betray＋n.＋(to be)/that 無意中顯示；暴露 betray one's country to the enemy 賣國(guó)；做賣國(guó)賊 betray state secrets 泄露國(guó)家機(jī)密 betray a secret to sb. 向某人泄露秘密 betray one's trust 辜負(fù)某人的信任 betray oneself 暴露本來面目；原形畢露 betrayal n. 背叛；出賣 a betrayal of my principles 對(duì)我的原則的背棄行為 an act of betrayal 背叛的行為,注意：betray的用法和意思與give away相近。如： ①He gave away the state secrets to the enemy. 他向敵人泄露了國(guó)家機(jī)密。 ②His accent gave him away. 他的口音把他暴露了。,活學(xué)活用 完成句子 (1)He ________ ________ ________ (背叛祖國(guó)) to the enemy. (2)That man is capable of ________ ________ ________ (出賣朋友)． (3)I don't want to ________ ________ all my secrets(泄露)．(用give的相關(guān)詞組) 答案：(1)betrayed his country (2)betraying his friends (3)give away,8．condemn vt. 判刑；判處(某人某種刑罰)；聲討； 譴責(zé)；迫使……接受困境 ①The editor of the newspaper was condemned as lacking integrity. 這家報(bào)紙的主編被指責(zé)為不夠正直。 ②As an old person, one is often condemned to live alone. 老年人常出于無奈而獨(dú)自生活。,知識(shí)拓展 (1)condemn sb./sth. for sth.由于某事而譴責(zé)某人或某事 condemn sb. to do sth.某人注定要做某事 condemn sb.'s behaviour譴責(zé)某人的舉動(dòng) be condemned to被宣告…… condemn sb. to death判某人死刑 (2)condemnation n. 定罪；譴責(zé)；指責(zé) conditional condemnation 緩刑 social condemnation 社會(huì)譴責(zé) (3)condemnable adj. 該罰的；接受責(zé)備的 condemned adj. 已被定罪的；已被定罪者使用的；受譴責(zé)的,比較網(wǎng)站 condemn, scold, blame與accuse 這些動(dòng)詞均含有“責(zé)備，非難”之意。 (1)condemn正式用詞，表示譴責(zé)，有較強(qiáng)的司法意味，側(cè)重從道義或原則上的譴責(zé)。 We condemn cruelty and cruel people. 我們譴責(zé)殘忍行為和殘忍的人。 (2)scold普通用詞，多指上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)、長(zhǎng)輩對(duì)后輩或雇主對(duì)雇員的態(tài)度粗暴、言詞激烈的數(shù)落。 Did you scold her for breaking it? 她把那件東西打破了， 你罵她了嗎？,(3)blame普通用詞，語(yǔ)氣較弱，僅是一般的責(zé)難、歸咎于，不含用語(yǔ)言責(zé)罵之意。 She blamed him for the failure of their marriage/blamed the failure of their marriage on him. 她把婚姻的觸礁歸咎于他。 (4)accuse語(yǔ)氣比blame強(qiáng)，本義為歸罪，可用作指非難或譴責(zé)之義。 Man often accuses nature for his own misfortunes. 人類常把自己的不幸歸咎于天。,活學(xué)活用 (1)完成句子 ①The criminal ________ ________ ________ ________ (被判處死刑)． ②His illness ________ ________ ________ ______ ________(使他臥床) all the time. 答案：①was condemned to death ②condemned him to be in bed,(2)He was________to spend the rest of the football season on the bench. A．condemned B．scolded C．blamed D．a(chǎn)ccused 答案：A 句意：他無可奈何地只得在這個(gè)足球賽季剩下的時(shí)間里作替補(bǔ)隊(duì)員。condemn sb. to sth. 表示“迫使……接受困境(或不愉快的狀況)”。,9．a(chǎn)cquaintance n．相識(shí)；熟人；了解 He was my closest acquaintance. 他是我的老相識(shí)。 常用搭配：make one's acquaintance結(jié)識(shí)；與……相識(shí) ＝make the acquaintance of sb. have some acquaintance with熟悉/了解…… have a little acquaintance with sb./sth.稍微了解…… have no acquaintance with不熟悉/了解…… I'm pleased to make your acquaintance. 我非常高興結(jié)識(shí)你。,I have some acquaintance with the language. 我懂得這門語(yǔ)言。 I had little acquaintance with modern poetry. 我對(duì)現(xiàn)代詩(shī)所知甚少。 特別提示：acquaintance用作不可數(shù)名詞，表“熟悉，認(rèn)識(shí)”，有時(shí)在其前加不定冠詞，表某種程度的熟悉與了解，與with連用；用作可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，表“熟悉的人”。,知識(shí)拓展 acquaint vt.使熟悉；了解 acquaint sb. with 使某人了解 be acquainted with＝be familiar with對(duì)……熟悉 He quickly acquainted himself with the facts of the case. 他很快熟悉了案情。,活學(xué)活用 (1)完成句子 ①我懂一點(diǎn)兒俄語(yǔ)。 I ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. ②請(qǐng)把這件事的情況告訴我。 Please ________ me with the facts ________ the case. 答案：(1)①had a little acquaintance with Russian ②acquaint; of,(2)We have been acquainted ________ each other for a long time. A．over B．for C．by D．with 答案：D be acquainted with.“熟悉……”。句意：我們互相認(rèn)識(shí)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。,10．superior adj. 優(yōu)秀的；較高的；上級(jí)的 n. 上級(jí)；長(zhǎng)官 ①This handbag is made of superior leather. 這只手提包由上等皮革制成。 ②He's my immediate superior. 他是我的頂頭上司。 特別提示：superior adj. 優(yōu)秀的；較高的 隱含著比較意義，沒有比較等級(jí)。在與另一事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，與之搭配的介詞要用to，不能用than。,知識(shí)拓展 be superior to.比……優(yōu)越(更好、強(qiáng)) be inferior to.低于；不如……；在……之下 be senior to.比……年長(zhǎng)(資深) be junior to.比……年輕(資淺) ①This model is technically superior to its competitors. 這一款式在技術(shù)上超過了與之競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的產(chǎn)品。 ②He is senior to me. 他比我年長(zhǎng)。,活學(xué)活用 —Do you know the new type computer will come into the market soon? —Really? It is said to be ________ to any other model. I can't wait to buy one. A．superior B．inferior C．prior D．junior,答案：A 句意：“你知道這種新型計(jì)算機(jī)不久就進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)嗎？”“真的嗎？據(jù)說它比其他機(jī)型更好，我迫不及待要買一臺(tái)?！眀e superior to.表示“比……優(yōu)越(更好，更強(qiáng))”，符合題意。be inferior to.“不如……”；be prior to“在……之前”；be junior to.“比……年輕”。根據(jù)題意選A項(xiàng)。,1.bring sb./sth. to life 使更有趣；使更生動(dòng) ①The new teacher really brought French to life for us. 新來的老師給我們把法語(yǔ)教得生動(dòng)活潑。 ②Flowers can bring a dull room back to life. 鮮花可使沉悶的房間恢復(fù)生氣。 知識(shí)拓展 (1)come to life 變得活躍；動(dòng)起來；醒過來 (2)come around/round 恢復(fù)知覺；蘇醒 (3)come to oneself/one's senses 蘇醒,活學(xué)活用 (1)Let's invite Ted—he knows how to bring a party to________. A．concern B．interest C．life D．curiosity 答案：C 句意：我們邀請(qǐng)?zhí)氐掳伞兴骄蜁?huì)熱鬧了。bring sb./sth. to life表示“使更有趣； 使更生動(dòng)”。,(2)He was down at the mouth all evening, but as soon as his girl friend came in he________life. A．fell into B．came to C．got into D．changed into 答案：B 句意：他一晚上都垂頭喪氣，但他的女朋友一來，他就活躍起來了。come to life 表示“變得更有趣(或使人興奮)；變得活躍”。,2．take.for.把……看作；誤認(rèn)為…… ①I won't tell her the secret—what do you take me for? 我不會(huì)把這秘密告訴她的——你把我當(dāng)什么人了？ ②Even the expert took the painting for a genuine of Van Gogh. 連專家都誤認(rèn)為這幅畫是梵·高的真跡。,知識(shí)拓展 take.to be/as 把……看作；誤認(rèn)為…… mistake.for.誤將……認(rèn)作…… They just take me as a child. 他們把我當(dāng)作一個(gè)孩子對(duì)待。,活學(xué)活用 (1)I was ________ for a detective by the family next door. A．regarded B．taken C．considered D．misunderstood 答案：B 句意：隔壁那家人誤認(rèn)為我是一名偵探。take.for.“誤認(rèn)為……”，符合題意。regard“認(rèn)為；當(dāng)作”，常與as連用；consider“考慮； 思考”；misunderstand“誤解；誤會(huì)”。,(2)She took what he said________a compliment. A．to be B．on C．a(chǎn)s D．for 答案：C 句意：她把他的話看作是恭維話。take sth.(as sth.)|take sth.(to do sth.)表示“領(lǐng)會(huì)；理解；考慮”。例如：What did you take his comments to mean？你明白他的評(píng)論是什么意思嗎？,3．pass. off as.(把某人)改變或冒充成…… ①She passed herself off as an experienced actress. 她冒充有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的演員。 ②He passed his secretary off as his wife. 他讓秘書冒充他的妻子。 知識(shí)拓展 pass away去世 pass by通過；經(jīng)過；未影響 pass for/as(錯(cuò)誤地)被看作 pass out昏過去；失去知覺,pass down(世代)相傳 pass on轉(zhuǎn)交；遞給；傳給 pass.on to.把……傳遞給…… pass over忽略；避免提及或考慮 pass up放棄；拒絕 pass off進(jìn)行到最后；(以某種方式)發(fā)生并完成 pass through經(jīng)過；路過,活學(xué)活用 填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕楦痹~ ①He escaped by passing himself ________ as a guard. ②His mother passed ________ last year because of cancer. ③I passed ________ your house. ④The good tradition has been passed ________ from generation to generation. ⑤She passed ________ a difficult period after her marriage failed. 答案：①off ②away ③by ④down ⑤through,4．in terms of 就……來說；從……角度 ①He often talks about his girlfriend in terms of love. 他經(jīng)常用充滿愛的語(yǔ)言談?wù)撍呐笥选?②It was a bad year for films, in terms of both quantity and quality. 今年的電影無論從數(shù)量上還是質(zhì)量上都說不上好。 ③The job is great in terms of salary, but it has its disadvantages. 就薪金而言，這個(gè)工作倒是挺不錯(cuò)的，但它也有不利之處。,知識(shí)拓展 come to terms with 達(dá)成協(xié)議；和好；接受；適應(yīng) be on good/bad terms 關(guān)系良好/不好 in the long/short term就長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)/短期而言 in one's terms在某人看來 on equal terms 在平等的條件下 In their terms, cutting government spending is the most important thing. 在他們看來，縮減政府開支是最重要的事情。,活學(xué)活用 (1)完成句子 ①就錢而論，他們很富有。 ________ ________ ________ ________，they're quite rich. ②他多年來一直與父親關(guān)系不好。 He had been ________ ________ ________ ________ his father for years. 答案：①In terms of money ②on bad terms with,(2)________ achievement, last week's ministerial meeting of the WTO here earned a low, though not failing, grade. A．In terms of B．In case of C．As a result of D．In face of 答案：A in terms of意為“就……而言”，全句意為“就成效而言，上周的WTO部長(zhǎng)級(jí)會(huì)議雖然沒有失敗，只是收效甚微”。in case of“假使，防備”；as a result of“由于，因?yàn)椤?；in face of“在……面前，縱然，不顧”。這三者均不合題意。,5．generally speaking一般來說 Generally speaking, women live longer than men. 一般來說，女人比男人長(zhǎng)壽。 知識(shí)拓展 (1)在某些結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果主語(yǔ)和邏輯主語(yǔ)不一致，在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前不帶邏輯主語(yǔ)是因?yàn)槠溥壿嬛髡Z(yǔ)是泛指的人稱。類似結(jié)構(gòu)除了generally speaking還有exactly speaking/strictly speaking/to be honest/to tell you the truth等。,①Judging from what you say, he ought to succeed. 從你的話看，他應(yīng)當(dāng)能成功。 ②Taking everything into consideration, you should leave. 考慮到各種因素，你最好離開。 (2)當(dāng)句子含有先行主語(yǔ)it或there時(shí)，有時(shí)作狀語(yǔ)的分詞短語(yǔ)可以與先行主語(yǔ)不一致。 ①Having so little time, there was not much that I could do. 由于時(shí)間很少，我能做的事很有限。 ②Being French, it's surprising that she's such a terrible cook. 她是法國(guó)人，做飯卻做得那么糟，這真是令人感到驚訝。,(3)當(dāng)分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化為介詞或連詞時(shí)，也無需考慮主語(yǔ)一致問題。 ①Considering the distance, he arrived every quickly. 考慮到路程，他來的算是很快的。(considering為介詞，意為“考慮到”) ②Supposing she doesn't come, what shall we do? 假如她不來，我們?cè)趺崔k？(supposing為連詞，意為“假如”) ③Given their inexperience, they've done a good job. 考慮到他們沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，這工作已做得很不錯(cuò)了。(given為介詞，意為“考慮到”),(4)當(dāng)分詞暗含的邏輯主語(yǔ)為表示泛指意義的one或you時(shí)，也無需考慮主語(yǔ)的一致性問題。 In doing such work, patience is needed. 做這種工作需要耐心。(＝When one does such work, patience is needed.),活學(xué)活用 (1)________， each university has its own special fields. A．General speaking B．Speaking general C．Generally speaking D．General spoken 答案：C 句意為“一般來說，每所大學(xué)都有自己的專長(zhǎng)”。generally speaking“一般來說”，故C項(xiàng)符合題意。,(2)________， the pay isn't attractive enough, though the job itself is quite interesting. A．Generally speaking B．On the contrary C．In particular D．To be honest 答案：D 句意：說實(shí)話，盡管這份工作很有意思，但是薪水并不夠吸引人。to be honest“說實(shí)話”，符合題意。generally speaking“一般來說”；on the contrary“相反”；in particular“尤其”。,1.Will that be of any use to you? 這點(diǎn)兒錢對(duì)你有用嗎？ of any use相當(dāng)于useful，在句中作表語(yǔ)?！皁f＋名詞”是一個(gè)常用結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)可在句中作表語(yǔ)、后置定語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。該結(jié)構(gòu)的常見類型：,①be of＋表示“年齡(age)、大小(size)、顏色(color)、重量(weight)、高度(height)、價(jià)格(price)、意見(opinion)、形狀(shape)、種類(kind)和方法(way)等”的名詞：這些名詞沒有相應(yīng)的形容詞形式，因此不能用“be＋形容詞”來代替“be＋of＋n.”，用在這些名詞前的限定詞常是a，an，the，the same，my，your等，of表示“具有”，有時(shí)可省去。 We are of the same age. 我們同歲。,②be of＋抽象名詞(value，importance，use，help等)；主要用于說明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)。常用于名詞前的修飾語(yǔ)有g(shù)reat，little，some，any，no，not，much等。這一結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于“be＋抽象名詞所對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞”，of不能省。 The advice are of great help/very helpful to them. 這個(gè)建議對(duì)他們來說是很有幫助的。,活學(xué)活用 完成句子 (1)這兩棟樓高度一樣，而且是一年建造的。 The two building ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ and were built in the same year. (2)這項(xiàng)新發(fā)明對(duì)于人類必定大有用處。 The new discovery is bound to ________ ________ ________ ________ to mankind. 答案：(1)are of the same height (2)be of great use,2．What if I was? 如果我是又怎樣呢？ what if.意為“如果……將會(huì)怎樣”，相當(dāng)于what would happen if.。 What if your plan fails? 如果你的計(jì)劃失敗，該怎么辦呢？ What if she finds out that you have lost her book? 倘使她發(fā)現(xiàn)你弄丟了她的書，怎么辦？ What if you join us for lunch? 跟我們一起吃午飯?jiān)趺礃樱?注意：若表示的是將來的情況，what if后的句子常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 What if we fail in this exam? 要是我們?cè)谶@次的考試中沒及格怎么辦？,知識(shí)拓展 ①what意為“什么”，用在口語(yǔ)中，表示沒聽見或沒聽懂；意為“要什么”時(shí)表示聽到對(duì)方的話并詢問要什么；表示驚訝或憤怒時(shí)，意為“竟有這種事，真的嗎”。 —I asked her to marry me. ——我向她求婚了。 —You what? ——你說什么？,②if only“要是……就好了”，引導(dǎo)感嘆句，要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 If only I had taken his advice. 要是我聽從他的建議就好了。 ③how come表示驚訝，“怎么會(huì)……”。 How come they left you alone here? 他們?cè)趺磿?huì)把你一個(gè)人留在這里呢？ ④why not do sth.表示建議，“為什么不做……”。 Why not try again? 為什么不再試試呢？,⑤what for？“為何目的，為何理由”。 —I need to see a doctor. ——我得去看醫(yī)生。 —What for? ——看什么??？ ⑥what about.用來提出建議或引出話題，意為“……怎么樣”，后面跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞形式。 What about having a game of chess? 下盤棋怎么樣？,活學(xué)活用 (1)漢譯英 要是我們?cè)谙麓蔚目荚囍胁患案裨趺崔k？ __________________________________________________ (2)—I need to advertise for a roommate for next term. —________？ Mary is interested. A．Why bother B．Why not C．So what D．What for 答案：(1)What if we fail in the next exam?,(2)A 考查情景交際。句意：——下學(xué)期我需要登廣告找一個(gè)室友?！M(fèi)那勁干嗎？瑪麗感興趣。A項(xiàng)為“別費(fèi)勁了，沒必要”，符合句意。B項(xiàng)為“為什么不呢”；C項(xiàng)為“那又怎么樣”；D項(xiàng)為“為什么”。根據(jù)Mary is interested.可知選A項(xiàng)。,3．But, sir, (proudly) once educated to speak properly, that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassador's garden party. 不過，先生，(高傲地)要是一旦有人教她把英語(yǔ)說好了，她可以在三個(gè)月后就可以冒充公爵夫人出席大使主辦的花園聚會(huì)了。 句中once educated是省略結(jié)構(gòu)，完整形式為once the girl was educated。 once的主要用法如下：,①once作副詞時(shí)，意為“一次，一度，曾經(jīng)”。常見的與once搭配的詞組有： all at once突然 at once馬上；立刻 once in a while偶爾；間或 once or twice一兩次 once upon a time從前 once again再一次 ②once可作連接詞，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“一旦……就……”，once引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句可以采用省略形式。,③由once，if，as，unless，when，though，although等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，如果主句主語(yǔ)和從句主語(yǔ)一致，且從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be＋v.-ed或v.-ing形式，或從句中主謂結(jié)構(gòu)為It is(was)＋adj.時(shí)，其從句結(jié)構(gòu)可省略為以上連詞加v.-ed，v.-ing或adj.。 Once the time is set, it cannot be changed. ＝Once set, the time cannot be changed. 時(shí)間一旦被設(shè)定就不能更改。 When I was waiting for a bus, I met Tom. ＝When waiting for a bus, I met Tom. 我在等汽車時(shí)碰到了湯姆。,Though he was young, he knew a lot of English. ＝Though young, he knew a lot of English. 盡管年齡很小，但他知道很多英語(yǔ)。,活學(xué)活用 (1)(2014·天津·4)________ you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier. A．Unless B．Although C．Before D．Once 答案：D 考查連詞。句意：一旦你用健康的方式吃飯，體重控制就容易多了。 unless“除非”；although“雖然”；before“在……之前”；once“一旦”。由句意可知選D項(xiàng)。,(2)(全國(guó)高考Ⅱ)Though________to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. A．surprising B．was surprised C．surprised D．being surprised 答案：C 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。所選詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是the professor，所以答案為C項(xiàng)surprised“驚訝的”。surprising“令人驚訝的”，通常用來修飾事物。此處Though surprised to see us也可看作是狀語(yǔ)從句的省略，相當(dāng)于Though he was surprised to see us。,Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．He made a quick ________ (適應(yīng)) to the new environment. 2．The ________ (說明書) is not easily understandable. 3．He recommended me a ________ (經(jīng)典的) book on Buddhism. 4．Mr. Black was still ________ (猶豫) over whether to leave or not. 5．I had the good ________ (運(yùn)氣) to be chos