牛津高中英語,(模塊五 ·高二上學期),Advance with English,Grammar To-infinitive,Unit,1,Unit 1,課件描述：,本課語法教學主要使學生掌握不定式的功能和用法。本課采用語法教學與單元話題緊密結(jié)合的方式，使學生在使用英語討論朋友和友誼這一話題中，發(fā)現(xiàn)、歸納、掌握并適當操練不定式的用法。整堂課以上一課時閱讀中的內(nèi)容為線索，給語法教學創(chuàng)設(shè)真實的語境，并通過游戲、競賽等活動，活躍課堂氛圍，使學生快樂學習語法。,What can we learn about friendship from Annies letters?,1. To talk to a friend openly and sincerely when something unpleasant happens is very important if we are to keep the friendship. 2. We should always remind ourselves to trust our friends whatever happens.,subject,predicative,object complement,To-infinitive,Study the two letters on Page 5, trying to find out more To-infinitives in the letters and tell their functions in the sentences.,You have every right to feel betrayed (attribute) (2) she wanted to embarrass you in public (object) (3) It seems you need to apologize quickly to avoid losing a good friend! (4) , one of you has to be the first to admit (object) (attribute),(object),(adverbial),動詞不定式由“to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成，其否定形式是 not to do。動詞不定式可以單獨使用或用作動詞 不定式短語的一個部分。不定式在句中可做主語、 賓語、狀語、表語、賓語補足語和定語等，但不能 單獨作謂語。,The functions of To-infinitive,1. 作主語,To read English every day is necessary. （不定式to read English every day 做主語） 動詞不定式做主語時，為了句子平衡，通常用it做形式主語，而把不定式放在謂語之后。例如： It is necessary to read English every day. It is a good idea to go for a picnic today.,2. 作賓語,I want to see a film. （不定式to see a film 做賓語） 不定式做賓語時，若還帶有賓語補足語，往往把不定式放在補足語后，用it做形式賓語。例如： He find it difficult to learn Chinese. We think it important to master a foreign language.,3. 作賓語補足語,He invited me to give a speech on Chinese history. （不定式to give a speech on Chinese history 做賓語補足語，補充說明賓語me）,I have a letter to post. (不定式to post做定語，修飾名詞letter) 1)做定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。例如： She had only a small room to live in. I need a pen to write with.,4. 作定語,2) 試比較： Do you have anything to wash? 你有什么要洗嗎？（不定式to wash的動作執(zhí)行者是you） Do you have anything to be washed? 你有什么要（別人）洗嗎？（不定式to wash的動作執(zhí)行者是別人，而不是you）,5. 作表語,His wish is to become a lawyer. (不定式to become a lawyer在連系動詞is后做表語),6. 作狀語 表示目的。例如： They worked hard day and night to pay back the debt. 表示結(jié)果。例如： I hurried to the airport only to find the plane had taken off. 表示原因。例如： She felt disappointed to hear the news that she hadnt been promoted.,Pass the sentences on,Thanks to my friends, my life seem to be getting easier and more interesting.,Matthew may pretend to be making friends with Peter.,Personally, I feel happy to have made some good friends.,He is said to have recovered friendship with Tom.,不定式還有進行形式(to be doing) 和完成形式(to have done) They seem to be reading in the library. (動詞不定式to be reading表示動作read正在發(fā)生) Im sorry to have said that. （動詞不定式to have said that表示動作say發(fā)生在過去， 并且已完成),Different forms of To-infinitive,A competition,Learn to use To-infinitive to talk about what you have learned about friends and friendship.,So we should trust each other to make our friendship last long. bare infinitive,Brainstorming: Can you think of other words or phrases after which the bare infinitive is used?,(1)在feel, hear, listen to 等感官動詞后，或在let, make, have 等使役動詞后的賓語補足語中，不定式不帶to。 但是這些句子變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，就必須帶to。例如：,I often hear him sing the song. She made me promise to write every day. He is often heard to sing the song. I was made to promise to write every day.,Bare infinitive,(2)would rather, had better和why not 后面，不定式不 帶to。例如：,I would rather stay at home. Why not come in?,(3)當兩個動詞不定式由and, or, than, rather than, as或like相連接時，通常第二個不定式要省略to。例如：,Do you want to go skating or see a film? I decided to write rather than phone.,(4)不定式在介詞but, except后時，若介詞前有行為動詞do的各種形式，介詞后的不定式不帶to。例如：,He did nothing but point to the door.,Finish the Thank-you letter from Sarah to Annie by filling in the blanks.,Keys: (1) to thank (2) to see (3) to think (4) trust (5) lose (6) apologize (7) to talk (8) keep (9) to go (10) not to hate (11) to forgive (12) be (13) to be getting (14) to have (15) to have got (16) get,