Grammar and usage,Noun clauses introduced by question words,Empty subject it,Unit 2,課件描述：,本課件為Grammar and usage的輔助教學(xué)軟件，教學(xué)設(shè)計通過講解、練習(xí)幫助學(xué)生掌握疑問詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句和empty it 的用法。,Noun Clauses,Subject Object Predicative Appositive,Clauses,1. You know that I am a teacher of English. 2. That I am a teacher of English is known to you all . 3. It is known to you all that I am a teacher of English. 4. The fact that I am a teacher of English is known to you all. 5. I am worried about whether you can do well in the exam. 6. What I am worried about is whether you can do well in the exam.,that I am a teacher of English,That I am a teacher of English,that I am a teacher of English,whether you can do well in the exam.,OC,SC,SC,PC,AC,that I am a teacher of English,whether you can do well in the exam.,OC,Find the clauses and tell the function of them:,SC,What I am worried about,Conjunctions of Noun Clauses:,what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which,that, whether, if, as if (as though),when, where, how, why,狀語,主語、賓語,Noun Clauses Introduced by Question Words,What was he doing ? His father was surprised.,subject clause 主語從句,Whats your first impression of him? I want to know.,object clause 賓語從句,How can I make a grammar lesson interesting? That is my question.,predicative clause 表語從句,How did Peter respond to that question? I have no idea.,appositive clause 同位語從句,We change the word order in a clause after a question word into that of a statement. 2. We cannot leave out the question words in noun clauses in any cases.,Attention,Check whether the sentences are true or false:,他是怎么成功的仍然是個謎。 How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( ) How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( ),你能告訴我他住在什么地方嗎？ Could you tell me what was the matter with me. ( ) Could you tell me what the matter was with me. ( ),F,T,T,F,1. I have no idea _ he comes from. 2. _ he got the money is still uncertain. 3. He gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise. 4. I have no doubt _ he will win. 5. I have some doubt _ he will win. 6. The thing that troubles me is _ to head for Europe.,Fill in the blanks using “that/ whether / where/ how/when”,where,How,that,that,whether,when,1. Its a book. (指代) 2. Its over ten oclock. (時間) 3. Its raining outside. (天氣) 4. Its a long way to the museum. (距離),Review the function of “it”,1. We can use it as an empty subject. when we use a noun clause as the subject of a sentence. a. (preferable) It is certain that we would not be able to understand Old English today. = (correct) That we would not be able to understand Old English today is certain.,Empty subject “it”:,b. (preferable) It is easy to answer whether English will continue changing in the future. = (correct) Whether English will continue changing in the future is easy to answer. c. (preferable) It depends on the style of writing when we use certain words. = (correct) When we use certain words depends on the style of writing.,a. (preferable) It is hard to master a foreign language. = (correct) To master a foreign language is hard. b. (preferable) It is important to know how to use a computer. = (correct) To know how to use a computer is important.,B. when the subject is a to-infinitive.,C. when the subject is a v-ing form. a. ( preferable) Smoking is difficult to stop. = (correct) It is difficult to stop smoking. b. (preferable) Travelling to Beijing takes up a lot of my time. = (correct) It takes a lot of my time travelling to Beijing.,We usually use the empty subject it with a clause or to-infinitive (preferable), but with the v-ing form we prefer the real subject at the beginning.,Tip,2. It can also be used before seem, appear, happen, chance, turn out and prove as the empty subject of a sentence. It seems that he speaks two languages. = He seems to speak two languages. b. It happens that my new neighbour comes from my home town. = My new neighbor happens to come from my home town.,I.同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別:,1. 定語從句是先行詞的修飾語，它不涉及先行詞的具體內(nèi)容。定語從句中that不但起連接作用，而且在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個句子成分，充當(dāng)從句的賓語成分時可省略。,2. 同位語從句對中心詞的內(nèi)容作進一步的解釋和說明，表明中心詞的具體內(nèi)容。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that在同位語從句中不做任何成分,只起連接作用,無具體含義,且不可省略.,Other important cases of noun clauses:,1. We expressed the hope that they had expressed. 2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.,1. The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university. 2. The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.,Attributive or Appositive,AT,AP,AP,AT,II.疑問詞 + ever和no matter + 疑問詞的區(qū)別： 疑問詞 + ever可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在主從句中要充當(dāng)一定的部分。 Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. You can choose whatever you like in the shop. 疑問詞 + ever還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如： Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished, Whatever you do, you must do it well. no matter + 疑問詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。 No matter what you do, you must do it well. No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.,1. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _. A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 2. The photographs will show you _ A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like,D,B,高考鏈接,3. What the doctors really doubt is _my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. if C. whether D. why 4. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that 5. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who,C,A,C,6. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize _ silly mistakes I had made. A. what B. that C. how D. which 7. Parents are taught to understand _ important education is to their childrens future. A. that B. how C. such D. so,A,B,8. Scientists think that the continents _ always where they _ today. A. arent; are B. arent; were C. werent; are D. werent; were,A,D,Jerry: Im a journalist from China, congratulations on winning the election of President. Obama: Thank you! J: I often wonder you have so many fans and supporters. O: I am really grateful. It is their support and faith in me make me successful. J: The fact your are the first black President brings hope to many people all over the world. O: I can imagine. I will try my best regardless of the result I will make it or not.,Finish the following dialogue,why,that,that,whether,J: We all know you have a quite happy family and your two daughters are so lovely. O: Oh, you bet (當(dāng)然). I enjoy the moment Im with my family. is relaxing and pleasant to play with my daughters. J: And your wife also plays an important part in your whole life, right? O: Thats I feel and she also a good mother. J: My last question is you will take the post? (上任) O: In January, 2009. J: Thank you for sparing me so much time. O: You are welcome.,when,It,what,when,Homework,Finish the exercises on page 100. And preview the instructions in the Task.,