牛津高中英語(yǔ),(模塊四 ·高一下學(xué)期),Advance with English,Grammar and usage,Unit 2 Sporting events,Modal verbs,課件描述：,通過對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的介紹來幫助學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，有詞義，但是不完整，不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)，必須和不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式連用。,ability,certainty,permission,obligation,make requests,make suggestions,make offers,give advice,能力,義務(wù), 責(zé)任,確定,允許,提出請(qǐng)求,提出建議,提供幫忙,提出忠告,Modal verbs: general introduction,(1) He can run the 100m sprint in 11 seconds. (2) Can this little girl read before she goes to the primary school?,ability,can表示可能性時(shí)，指的是理論上的可能，它通常不用來表示某事實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性或真實(shí)性。如： Accidents can happen. Anybody can make mistakes,can / be able to,can / be able to,ability,在過去時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句中需要某種條件或努力做成某事，我們要用waswere able to而不能用could。如： It was a holiday and the children were able to go to the seaside The girl worked hard so she was able to pass the final test Im sorry I havent been able to play tennis with you recently.,obligation,ought to/should,ought to與should意思接近，大多數(shù)情況下二者可以互換，但是should談的是自己的主觀看法, 用于各種人稱。 ought to則更多反映客觀情況，在談到法律、義務(wù)和規(guī)定時(shí)使用。如： We shouldought to help each other and learn from each other in our work You shouldnt spend so much time playing. She is your mother, so you ought to support her Ought he to go? Yes, I think he ought (to).,have to / must,obligation,must與have to都可以表示“必須”的意思，但要注意以下兩點(diǎn)區(qū)別。 1) must只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而have to有現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)和將來時(shí)。如： We must work hard, or well fail in the examination Two years ago, the poor girl had to leave school for lack of money,2) must表示主觀看法，have to則側(cè)重于客觀需要。如： We must be strict with ourselves in everything In cities with many cars, some people have to wear masks,obligation,have to / must,She might win a medal at the Olympics. She may be at home now. She could read and write at the age of 4. She should come to join us. She ought to / will / must help me whenever I am in trouble.,certainty,might / may/ could / should / ought to / will / must,very uncertainty,almost certainty,can / could / may / might,could比can 更委婉，might比may 更委婉 Can I watch the Olympics ? Yes, you can. No, you cant. May I watch TV after finishing my homework? Yes, you may. / No, you mustnt. / No, you may not. / No, youd better not.,permission,informal / spoken,formal / written,Will / Can/ Could/Would you help me with my training? Yes, I will/can/can/will.,will / can / could / would,make requests,informal,formal,make suggestions,shall常用于第一，三人稱，表示征求對(duì)方意見。 Shall we / I / he / she / they do some exercise this morning? Yes. Shall he come in? Ok.,make offers,Ill wash your sports jacket. Shall I get a ticket for you? Shall we carry the books for you ? Shall I clean the blackboard for you?,give advice,You should not/ought not to eat a lot before swimming. The students should spend all their time working at their lessons.,和其他時(shí)態(tài)的連用,The boys may be playing football on the playground. The boys may have finished their homework by the time school is over. He plays basketball very well. He must have practiced it a lot. Our headmaster must have been to USA, for he knows the country so much.,must have done 的反意疑問句,You must have seen the film, havent you? You must have seen the film last week, didnt you? His parents must have beaten him, havent they? His parents must have beaten him yesterday, didnt they?,shall可以用來征求對(duì)方意見。用于第一、三人稱。此外它也可以用來表示說話人的命令、警告、允諾、威脅或決心等，這時(shí)它用于第二、三人稱。如： Shall she go to the concert with us this evening? (征求意見) You shall go to the front at once(命令) Dont worryYou shall get the answer this very afternoon（允諾） He shall be sorry one dayI tell you(警告) Nothing shall stop us from fighting against pollution(決心),shall / will,will在肯定句中表示意愿或決心時(shí)，是可以用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句的。在疑問句中用于第二、三人稱表示意愿。如： Will you go hiking with me in the mountain? Will he pay for me? If you will listen to me, Ill give you some advice on how to learn English If you will come this way, the manager will meet you ,shall / will,mustnt / neednt,mustnt 解釋為“不準(zhǔn)，不許”，語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈；neednt “不需要，沒必要”，語(yǔ)氣緩和。 You mustnt miss this football match. Its very important. You neednt watch the game if you dont want to. Must we clean the classroom? Yes, you must. /No, you neednt.,need / dare,作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，兩個(gè)詞常用于疑問句和否 定句。 Need I help you? Yes, please. You neednt telephone him now. How dare you talk to the teacher like that? The girl dare not go out alone at night.,用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可用于各種句式 We need to tell him the news. You dont need to tell him the news. Do the flowers need watering? I didnt dare to tell you the truth. Would you dare to catch the snake with your hand? The boy dares to do anything he likes.,need / dare,Have a try!,A left-luggage office is a place where bags _be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. A. should B. can C. must D. will,B,2. How _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article? A. can B. must C. need D. may,A,3. The room is so dirty. _ we clean it? Of course . A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do,B,4. My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who _ have taken it? A. should B. must C. could D. would,C,5. I hear youve got a set of valuable Australian coins._ I have a look? Yes, certainly. A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should,B,6. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave,B,7. Are you coming to Jeffs party? Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might,D,8. Sorry, Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. should C. can D. will,A,9. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _ be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need,B,10. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could,C,11. When he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work everyday. A. would B. should C. had better D. might,A,12. I wonder how he _ that to the teacher. A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say,D,