Unit,3,Grammar and usage,Auxiliary verb,Unit 3,課件描述：,學(xué)生將學(xué)會(huì)： 1）什么是助動(dòng)詞（用于協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 詞組的詞，自身沒(méi)有詞義，不可單獨(dú)使用）。 2）助動(dòng)詞的功能（a. 表示時(shí)態(tài)；b. 表示語(yǔ)態(tài)；c. 構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句；d. 與否定副詞not合用，構(gòu)成否定 句；e. 加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣 ）。 3）最常用的助動(dòng)詞（be, do, have and modals (shall, will, should, would) ）。,Auxiliary verbs are used in forming tenses, moods and voices of other verbs. The verbs used for this purpose include be, do, have and modals.,What are auxiliary verbs?,1. He like English. 2. He singing. 3. He married. 4. He sent to England. 5. you like college life? 6. you study English last year? 7. come to the party tomorrow evening. 8. He know that.,doesnt,Auxiliary verbs,is,has got,was,Do,Did,Do,did,be（am/is/are/was/were/been） do（does/did） have（has/had ） modals（shall/should/will/would/can/ could/may/might/must/need/dare ） A phrasal auxiliary verb（have (got) to, had better/would sooner/rather ( than)/cannot (help) but/be (not) to/be supposed to/ought to/used to/be about to/be able to）,Auxiliary verbs,Auxiliary verbs,The small animals are kept in the cages. He is giving a lecture. The Internet has too much information that has not been evaluated for accuracy. Your house is bigger and nicer than mine. I am to go abroad on business tomorrow.,1. be（am/is/are/was/were/been）,Auxiliary verbs,Tip: be作為本動(dòng)詞表示狀態(tài)或客觀存在等意思。 be +不定詞連用, 表示約定、義務(wù)、命令等未來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 be +現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成各種進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。 be +過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 be用于have/has/had后構(gòu)成完成時(shí)。,1. be（am/is/are/was/were/been）,Auxiliary verbs,He didnt find any useful information on the Internet. These kinds of errors do not occur as often when people use traditional reference materials. Then, why does he come here? You do know a lot about computers. Never did I see such a strange man.,2. do（does/did）,Auxiliary verbs,Tip: do作為助動(dòng)詞時(shí)的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化有do, does, did三種形式。 do+主詞+原形動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句。 do+not+原形動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成否定句。 do (+not)+主詞用于附帶問(wèn)句。 do +原形動(dòng)詞用于加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣句。 Never (Only) 等+do+主詞+原形動(dòng)詞用于倒裝句。,2. do（does/did）,Auxiliary verbs,I have never seen such a strange man. Can I have my hair cut now? I often have my assistant help me do it.,3. have（has/had）,Tip: 助動(dòng)詞have+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)。 have +受詞+過(guò)去分詞表示請(qǐng)或讓別人做某事。 have +受詞+原形不定詞表示請(qǐng)或讓某人做某事。,4. modals（shall/should/will/would/can/ could/may/might/must/need/dare）,Auxiliary verbs,Ok, I shall do what you said. I shall never do such a thing. You shall give me a cigarette, or I shall tell the boss. Where shall I meet you?,You should work harder. You must put on more clothes in case you should catch a cold.,Auxiliary verbs,Will you give me a cigarette? This will be what you need. She would stand there sleeping for hours. Ok, I will do it.,4. modals（shall/should/will/would/can/ could/may/might/must/need/dare）,Auxiliary verbs,Can I help you, sir? I am checking out. Could you give me the bill? Of course we can wait. Could it be the charge for the fruit? I can't help thinking of it.,4. modals（shall/should/will/would/can/ could/may/might/must/need/dare） Must I go with you? No, you needn't. You mustn't forget your medical card. Oh, it is wet outside. It must have rained yesterday. So it must be slippery outside. Do be careful! You needn't have told me that much.,Auxiliary verbs,4. modals（shall/should/will/would/can/ could/may/might/must/need/dare）,Auxiliary verbs,I dare not say it is ugly. How dare you say so?,4. modals（shall/should/will/would/can/ could/may/might/must/need/dare）,Auxiliary verbs,Tip: shall表示發(fā)言者的意志,包括諾言、決心、強(qiáng)制等; shall用于詢問(wèn)對(duì)方的意向。 should表示義務(wù)，責(zé)任等。 will用于第二人稱疑問(wèn)句中,詢問(wèn)對(duì)方意志或請(qǐng)求。will+原形動(dòng)詞用于所有人稱,表意愿。would +原形動(dòng)詞表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間的習(xí)慣。,4. modals（shall/should/will/would/can/ could/may/might/must/need/dare）,Auxiliary verbs,Tip: 4） can, could在口語(yǔ)中相當(dāng)于may, might,表示許可。can, could 表示能力,相當(dāng)于be able to。can, could表示懷疑、推測(cè),一般用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句。can, could用于慣用語(yǔ)。cant help或couldnt help+動(dòng)名詞表示不得不、忍不住。,4. modals（shall/should/will/would/can/ could/may/might/must/need/dare）,Auxiliary verbs,Tip: 5) must表示必須、義務(wù)等,強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀因素, have to, 強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀因素。 need可以對(duì)must引導(dǎo)的一般疑問(wèn)句作否定回答。 must的否定式表示不準(zhǔn),禁止等意思。must+have+過(guò)去分詞表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推斷。must+原形動(dòng)詞表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推斷。 needn't+have+過(guò)去分詞表示過(guò)去不必做卻已經(jīng)做了的事。,4. modals（shall/should/will/would/can/ could/may/might/must/need/dare）,Auxiliary verbs,Tip: 6) dare作為情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞，一般只能用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中。,5. A phrasal auxiliary verb（have (got) to, had better/would sooner/rather ( than)/cannot (help) but/be (not) to/be supposed to/ought to/used to/be about to/be able to）,Auxiliary verbs,5. A phrasal auxiliary verb,Auxiliary verbs,Its getting late. Ive (got) to go now. You dont have to take off your shoes. Many countries would rather be cautious with this new technology. The tickets had been sold out, so I could not (help) but go back home. The children are supposed to be at school before 8 a.m.,5. A phrasal auxiliary verb,Auxiliary verbs,I used to love cats but not now, because I was once attacked by a big black cat. He didnt use to smoke when he was younger. Did he use to come as often as he does now?,Answers to Part A (p41),1. have 2. havent 3. dont 4. didnt 5. was 6. did 7. did 8. didnt 9. wouldnt have 10. will,Answers to Part B (p41),1. was about to 2. used to 3. wasnt able to 4. was supposed to 5. could not help but 6. would rather,1. Review what we have learned in class. 2. Go over the exercises in class. 3. Finish the workbook exercises (P120).,Homework,