2019-2020年（直擊高考）高考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法重難點(diǎn)系列 專題02 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn) 英語(yǔ)里面的語(yǔ)態(tài)分兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的形式是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，時(shí)態(tài)通過(guò)“be”表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。何時(shí)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)呢？ 1.不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí) My cup was broken this morning. 我杯子今天早晨打破的。 2.沒(méi)必要知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí) This kind of glass is made in China. 這種玻璃是在這個(gè)制造的。 3.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí) Your cup was broken by Li Hua. 你杯子是李華打破的。注意：目前試卷被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的考點(diǎn)是：看起來(lái)是被動(dòng)的而要用主動(dòng)來(lái)表示。下面就這一專題做一個(gè)歸納：一、read ,sell, write, last, dry, tear 等動(dòng)詞，在表示主語(yǔ)的某種特性時(shí)，只能用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)含義。sell well (暢銷、好賣) break easily (容易斷) tear easily (容易破) write well (好寫(xiě)) read well (好讀) dry easily (容易干)wash well (好洗) last well (耐穿) 1) His books sell well. (他的書(shū)好賣。 )2) Paper tears easily in wet weather. ( 紙?jiān)诔睗竦臍夂蛳氯菀灼?。?) This kind of jeans lasts well. ( 這種牛仔褲耐穿。)4) My pen writes well. ( 我的筆好寫(xiě)。)5) The poem by him reads well. ( 他寫(xiě)的詩(shī)好讀。)6) This kind of cloth washes well. (這種布好洗。)上述這些例句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的發(fā)生均不以人的意志所轉(zhuǎn)移，全由主語(yǔ)本身的性質(zhì)所決定。如：一本書(shū)是否暢銷、好賣是不能由人們來(lái)決定的，必須要根據(jù)書(shū)本身的質(zhì)量而定;一種布是否好洗也是由布本身的質(zhì)地所決定。二、prove（證明，證實(shí)） 作“證實(shí)”時(shí)可以用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；作“證明”講，且后面還跟有名詞或者形容詞時(shí)，不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（但在閱讀中我們也會(huì)見(jiàn)到用被動(dòng)的情況） 1) His theory was proved last year. ( 他的理論去年得到了證實(shí)) 2) Your answer proved (to be) right. (你的答案證明是對(duì)的) 3) You prove (to be) an honest man. (你證明是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人)三、want/need/require(需要 ) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是“需要”，后面跟動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)且與句子主語(yǔ)是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，這個(gè)動(dòng)詞要么用doing,要么用to be done1) Our classroom needs cleaning/to be cleaned every day. (我們教室需要每天打掃)2) The old man wants looking after/to be looked after. (這位老人需要照顧)3) Your hair requires cutting/to be cut. (你的頭發(fā)需要理了)四、worth /worthy( 值得的) be worth doing (值得做) be well worth doing(很值得做) Something is worth doing .=Its worth doing something. (.值得做=做.值得）1) The book is worth reading.(這本書(shū)值得讀)2) The TV play by him is well worth watching. ( 他演的電視劇很值得看) be worthy to be done/be worthy of being done(值得做)在上述短語(yǔ)中就還是用被動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。1)The book is worthy to be read.2)The book is worthy of being read.worthwhile(值得的)1) Its worthwhile doing/to do sth.(做某事值得) Its worthwhile watching TV/to watch TV. (看電視值得)2) Its worth ones while to do sth.(某人做某事值得） Its worth your while to watch TV.(你看電視值得)如：我們學(xué)校值得參觀。1) Our school is worth visiting.=Its worth visiting our school .2) Our school is worth a visit.3) Our school is worthy to be visited.4) Our school is worthy of being visited.5) Our school is worthy of a visit.五、 be to seek(尋找),be to let(出租),be to blame(應(yīng)該受到責(zé)備) 1) The cause is to seek.( 原因在尋找)2) The room is to let.(此房出租)3) The girl was to blame yesterday.(那女孩昨天應(yīng)該受到責(zé)備)6.look(看起來(lái)) ,taste(嘗起來(lái)), smell(聞起來(lái)), sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái)), feel(摸起來(lái)) 三個(gè)注意點(diǎn)： a.后面跟形容詞作表語(yǔ) b.看起來(lái)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作而要用一般時(shí) c.看起來(lái)是被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作要用主動(dòng)來(lái)表示1) Her voice sounds beautiful. (她聲音聽(tīng)起來(lái)美)2) The dish tastes bitter. (這道菜嘗起來(lái)苦)3) The flower smells sweet. (這花聞起來(lái)有芬芳味)4) The board feels smooth. (這板子摸起來(lái)光滑)5) He looks pale. (他看起來(lái)臉色蒼白)七、不定式作定語(yǔ)的三種情況1)當(dāng)前面的名詞和不定式是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)用主動(dòng)式 They made some candles to give light. 他們做一些蠟燭用來(lái)照亮。 candles 和give light 是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。2)當(dāng)前面的名詞和不定式是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)用被動(dòng)式 Do you have anything to be taken there? anything 和 take 是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。3)當(dāng)前面的名詞和不定式是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系但與句中另一名詞或者代詞又是主謂關(guān)系時(shí)用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)含義 a.Please give me some bread to eat. 請(qǐng)給我一些面包吃。 eat 和bread是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但與me又是邏輯上的主語(yǔ)關(guān)系。 b. I have much homework to do. 我有許多家庭作業(yè)要做。 do與much homework是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但與I又是邏輯上的主語(yǔ)關(guān)系?？纯聪旅婢渥拥膮^(qū)別：1) Im going to the post office. Do you have a letter to be sent?(我要去郵局，你有信要寄嗎？） 在后面這個(gè)句子中，信是被寄，且不是句子主語(yǔ)you寄，所以用被動(dòng)式to be sent .2) Are you going to the post office this afternoon? Do you have a letter to send?(你今天下午要去郵局？你有信要寄嗎？）在這個(gè)句子中，信同樣是被寄，但很明顯是主語(yǔ)you寄，所以就用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)含義。3） （經(jīng)理對(duì)打字員說(shuō)）Do you have anything to type now ? 你有什么要打印嗎？在這個(gè)句子中很顯然type的動(dòng)作有主語(yǔ)來(lái)完成，因?yàn)榇蜃謫T的工作就是打字，所以用的主動(dòng)是to type.4) (打字員對(duì)經(jīng)理說(shuō)) Do you have anything to be typed now ?在這個(gè)句子中很顯然經(jīng)理不可能去完成type這個(gè)動(dòng)作，所以用被動(dòng)式。八、某些形容詞作表語(yǔ)后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式,且不定式和句子主語(yǔ)具有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)含義。1)The question is easy to answer. 這個(gè)問(wèn)題容易回答。但是：如果后面加上by sb.時(shí)仍用被動(dòng)式。 The question is easy to be answered by me.2)The box is too heavy to move. 這個(gè)盒子太重了搬不動(dòng)。3)My coat is too large to wear. 我的外套太大了穿不了。但是: 形容詞的意思不完整時(shí)仍然用被動(dòng)表被動(dòng) All invaders are sure to be punished. 所有侵略者一定要受到懲罰。九、表示開(kāi)始和結(jié)束的動(dòng)詞常用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)（begin, start ,finish, end, close ,open .） a. Class begins at 6:30 every day。每天6:30開(kāi)始上課。 b. The shop closes at 6 sharp every Sunday。 這家商店每星期天六點(diǎn)整關(guān)門。十.cook, print, bind 等動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)含義。 1) The paper is printing. 報(bào)紙?jiān)谟∷ⅰ?2)My book is binding. 我的書(shū)在裝訂。 3)The meat is cooking. 肉在煮。十一、get+done也屬于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) get burnt (燒焦，曬黑) get lost (迷路) get dressed (穿衣服) get changed (換衣服) get separated (分開(kāi)) get drunk (喝醉) get engaged (訂婚) get married (結(jié)婚) get divorced （離婚） get paid (得報(bào)酬) get stuck=get caught (陷入困境) get hurt (受到傷害) get charged (充電) get broken (破了) get started （開(kāi)始創(chuàng)建、啟動(dòng)） 十二.under +n.表被動(dòng) under construction(在建設(shè)中) under arrest(被捕) under discussion(在討論中) under treatment(在治療中) under repair(在修理中) under fire(受到炮擊) under attack( 受到進(jìn)攻） under control(被控制住）.十三.一些介詞短語(yǔ)含被動(dòng)含義 in sight （看得見(jiàn)） out of sight（看不見(jiàn)） out of control(失控) on show（在展覽） on sale（在甩賣） out of repair（失修） beyond description（難以描繪） beyond imagination (難以想象) beyond control (難以控制) in use (在使用)十四.下列動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) happen(發(fā)生) remain (剩下) disappear(消失) break out(發(fā)生，爆發(fā)) take place(發(fā)生) belong to(屬于) give out (精疲力竭) e about (發(fā)生)1)The story happened in 1949. 這個(gè)故事發(fā)生在1949年。2)Ten yuan remained last week.(上個(gè)星期剩十元)3)Its true that my book disappeared yesterday. 我的書(shū)昨天不見(jiàn)了是真的。4)A big fire broke out last year in China.5)Great changes have taken place here here.6)That TV set belongs to her.7)They gave out after studying a long time.(學(xué)了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間后他們精疲力竭)8)How did the story e about? (這個(gè)故事是怎樣發(fā)生的？) 注意下面短語(yǔ)的用法：run out (被用完) 沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) , e up (被提出)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)run out of (用完) 但不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)e up with (提出) 但也不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1)My money has run out. 我的錢用完了。2)I have run out of my money. 我把錢用完了。錯(cuò)誤說(shuō)法：My money has been run out of.3)The question came up at the meeting. 這個(gè)問(wèn)題在會(huì)上提出來(lái)的。4)We came up with the question at the meeting. 我們?cè)跁?huì)上提出了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。錯(cuò)誤說(shuō)法：The question was e up with at the meeting. 而use up( 用完) put forward/bring forward(提出) ,可以用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：1) They used up their petrol very quickly.Their petrol was used up very quickly.2) We will put forward a suggestion at the meeting .A suggestion will be put forward at the meeting .鞏固練習(xí)：用括號(hào)中所提供的單詞完成下列句子1. 他的手機(jī)出了毛病，所以需要修理了。（repair）There is something wrong with his cellphone ,so it requires _.2. 他相信他的新產(chǎn)品一定會(huì)暢銷。（sell)He is convinced that his new products _.3，許多人得了病。大家都認(rèn)為那里的自來(lái)水是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住＃╞lame)Many people fell ill . It was acknowledged that the running water there _.4.每次我餓的時(shí)候，我媽媽總是給我蘋(píng)果吃。（eat）Every time I am hungry ,my mother always _.5. 那只狗要洗澡了因?yàn)槠湮兜离y聞。（smell）The dog needs washing because it _.