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2019年高考英語二輪復習 增分篇 專題巧突破 專題四 任務(wù)型閱 專題限時檢測（二十七）任務(wù)型閱讀（四） (xx·蘇北四市高三一模) When he rolls into a gas station to fill his tank, Barkhad Dahir doesn't get out of his car. He pushes a few buttons on his cellphone and within seconds he has paid for the fuel. With the same quick pushes on his phone, he pays for virtually everything he needs: groceries at the supermarket, a few oranges from a market stall, or a cup of sweet milky tea from a café. “Everyone here has his own bank with easy access，” boasts Mr.Dahir. “Even lying in bed, you can be paying your bills.” Electronic payments offer consumers convenience, provide revenue for banks, credit card panies and payment processors, and offer merchants improved cash flow and convenience. “I don't even carry money any more，” says Adan Abokor, a democracy activist. “I haven't seen cash for a long time. Almost every merchant, even hawker (小販) on the street, accepts payment by cellphone. There's no waiting for it and no counting of cash.” The system is impressively simple and secure. Purchases are made by dialing a three-digit number, entering a four-digit PIN, and then entering the retailer's payment number and the amount of money. Both customers and merchants receive text messages to confirm the payment. Clearing up cash payments has several advantages as well. The printing and handling of money is expensive. Cash payments can be anonymous and hard to track criminal activities to be conducted in secret. Many governments favor reducing cash dealings in order to better monitor and understand the activities of their citizens. The Swedish government has been discussing the removing of cash since xx. However, some people doubt what members of a cashless society do when the power goes off. Do they choose to barter (物物交換) and rob? Do they sit at home and wait? What happens to people who rely on their cellphones to process money dealings when cell service and the Internet are interrupted? A world affected by terrorism and increasingly violent weather may not yet be ready to abandon currency. “Ironically, the day after the largest bank in Norway, DNB, proposed ending all cash dealings, I went to my local grocery store and when I tried to pay by phone, I was told that I needed to go to the ATM to get cash because the system was broken，” said an interviewee. Other people fear that electronic payments may create security and fraud risks and enable dealings to be tracked and reported. Privacy, security and convenience are all important factors in the adoption of electronic payment technology. New technologies which balance and address these factors may enable people to remove cash. Is Cash Being Outdated？ Passage outline Supporting details An example of electronic payments Barkhad Dahir claims that he can almost purchase (1)________ he needs by using his mobile phone. Reasons for the (2)________ for electronic payments ·They can be more (3)________ without waiting in line or counting the cash, whose characteristics include (4)________ and simplicity. ·They reduce the cost of printing money and allow the government to (5)________ cash activities. Possible (6)________ of electronic payments ·Some people are (7)________ whether electronic payments can still be effective during times when the power goes off. ·There are (8)________ that electronic payments may create security and fraud risks. ·It is possible that electronic dealings can be (9)________ and reported for illegal use. Conclusion Cash is not (10)________ to be pletely replaced unless privacy, security and convenience are balanced and settled. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。電子支付日益盛行，那么現(xiàn)金會被電子支付取代嗎？本文針對這一話題展開了論述。 1．everything/whatever　直接信息題。根據(jù)第一段第三句話可知，他可以用手機買到他需要的所有東西。故空格處可填everything/whatever。 2．preference　信息概括題。根據(jù)表格右欄的內(nèi)容可知，這里講的是人們偏愛電子支付的原因，所以填preference“偏愛”。 3．time-saving/convenient　信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第二段第一句話中的“... offer consumers convenience”及最后一句話“There's no waiting for it and no counting of cash.”可知，顧客使用電子支付既不需要排隊等候，也不需要清點現(xiàn)金，故電子支付更加省時、方便快捷。 4．security　信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第三段第一句話“The system is impressively simple and secure.”可知，這個支付系統(tǒng)非常簡單而且安全可靠。根據(jù)題干可知，這里需要用secure的名詞形式與后面的simplicity相對應(yīng)。故填security。 5．monitor　直接信息題。根據(jù)第四段第四句話“Many governments favor reducing cash dealings in order to better monitor and understand the activities of their citizens.”可知，使用電子支付可以減少現(xiàn)金流通，方便政府更好地監(jiān)控現(xiàn)金流通行為。 6．drawbacks/shortings/disadvantages/problems/weaknesses　信息概括題。根據(jù)表格右欄的內(nèi)容可知，此處主要講的是電子支付的缺點和不足之處。 7．doubtful/skeptical/sceptical　信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講的是人們對電子支付的一些疑惑，其中第一句話中的“doubt”是提示。 8．fears/worries/concerns　信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第六段中的“Other people fear that electronic payments may create security and fraud risks and ...”可知，人們害怕/擔心電子支付會帶來安全和詐騙風險。 9．tracked　直接信息題。根據(jù)第六段“...enable dealings to be tracked and reported”中的“tracked”可直接得到答案。 10．likely　信息概括題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，隱私、安全和便利性都是使用電子支付技術(shù)的重要因素。平衡和解決這些問題的新科技可能會使得電子支付代替現(xiàn)金。由此可推知，在同隱私、安全和便利性相關(guān)的問題得到解決之前，現(xiàn)金不可能被完全替代。be (not) likely to do“(不)可能做某事”為固定用法。 B (xx·通、揚、泰、淮高三三模)We all need to feel understood, recognized and affirmed (證實) by our friends, family and romantic partners. We all need to find our tribe. Research has shown that among the benefits that e with being in a relationship or group, feeling accepted is regarded as the most important driver of meaning. When other people think you matter and treat you as if you matter, you believe you matter, too. Though we all share a need to belong, in the first decades of the 20th century, many influential psychologists and physicians did not acknowledge this fundamental aspect of human nature. The idea that children needed parental love and care to live a full and meaningful life was not only considered medically dangerous, but it was dismissed as immoral and disgusting. As behavioural psychology came into fashion and academic psychologists turned their attention to child-raising, this view shifted and they began to examine and affirm the vital importance of attachment in early life. They discovered that people, whatever their age, needed more than food and shelter to live full and healthy lives. But, sadly, many of us lack close ties. At a time when we are more connected digitally than ever before, rates of social isolation (孤立) are rising. The results of an Age UK poll published recently suggest that half a million people over the age of 60 usually spend each day alone, and it's not unusual for another half a million people to go five or six days without seeing or speaking to someone. All these figures reveal more than a rise in loneliness — they reveal a lack of meaning in people's lives. In surveys, we list our close relationships as our most important sources of meaning. Research shows that people who are lonely and isolated feel their lives are less meaningful. While close relationships are critical for living a meaningful life, they are not the only important social bonds we need to cultivate (培養(yǎng)). Psychologists have also discovered the value of small moments of intimacy (親昵行為). “High-quality connections”， as one researcher calls them, are positive, short-term interactions between two people when a couple holds hands on a walk or when two strangers have an empathetic (移情作用的) conversation on a plane. High-quality connections have the potential to unlock meaning in our interactions with acquaintances, colleagues and strangers. We can't control whether someone will make a high-quality connection with us, but we can all choose to start one. We can say hello to a stranger on the street rather than look away. We can choose to value people rather than devalue them. We can invite people to belong. Passage outline Supporting details The need to belong ◆Everyone hopes to develop a (1)______ of belonging in a group. ◆People's self-respect is (2) ________ by other people's opinion. The changing (3) ______to belonging ◆Many famous experts in the first decades of the 20th century (4) ________ that people had the need to belong. ◆Experts later came to realize that people, regardless of their age, needed (5) ________ to enjoy full and healthy lives. Consequences of (6)______close ties ◆Many people are cut off from the world and feel (7) ________. ◆People who do not have enough close relationships find their life has less (8) ________. Another way to meet the need ◆High-quality connections make a (9) ________ in helping satisfy our need to belong. ◆We should (10) ________ to make a high-quality connection. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。每個人都想在團體中有歸屬感，為此我們應(yīng)該主動建立高質(zhì)量的社會紐帶。 1．sense/feeling　信息概括題。根據(jù)第一段中的“We all need to find our tribe.”和第二段中的“... in a relationship or group, feeling accepted is regarded as the most important driver of meaning”可知，每個人都想在團體中有歸屬感。a sense/feeling of belonging“歸屬感”。 2．influenced/affected/shaped/determined/decided　信息概括題。根據(jù)第二段中的“When other people think you matter and treat you as if you matter, you believe you matter, too.”可知，人的自尊受其他人觀點的影響。 3．a(chǎn)ttitudes　信息概括題。根據(jù)第三段中的“The idea that children needed ...but it was dismissed as immoral and disgusting.”和第四段中的“... this view shifted”可知，該部分的主題是人們對歸屬感態(tài)度(attitudes)的改變。 4．denied　信息概括題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Though we all share a need to belong ...did not acknowledge this fundamental aspect of human nature.”可知，20世紀初期的很多專家否認(denied)人們需要歸屬感。 5．a(chǎn)ttachment/love/care 　直接信息題。根據(jù)第四段中的“... they began to examine and affirm the vital importance of attachment ...shelter to live full and healthy lives.”可知，專家后來意識到人們需要依戀或關(guān)愛(attachment/love/care)來享受充實、健康的生活。 6．lacking　信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。第五段中的“But, sadly, many of us lack close ties.”是第五、六段的論述要點。再結(jié)合右欄的內(nèi)容可知，該部分談及缺乏(lacking)親密關(guān)系的后果。 7．lonely/isolated/alone　信息概括題。根據(jù)第五段中的內(nèi)容可知，很多人與世隔絕，感到孤獨或寂寞(lonely/isolated/alone)。 8．meaning　信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第六段中的“...Research shows that people who are lonely and isolated feel their lives are less meaningful.”可知，缺乏親密關(guān)系的人覺得生活的意義(meaning)更小。 9．difference　信息概括題。根據(jù)第七段中的“‘High-quality connections’， as one researcher calls them ... High-quality connections have the potential to unlock meaning in our interactions with acquaintances, colleagues and strangers.”可知，高質(zhì)量的社會紐帶在幫助人們滿足歸屬需求方面有重大意義。make a difference“有(重要)作用，有影響，有關(guān)系”。 10．start/offer/try/attempt　直接信息題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“We can't control whether someone will make a high-quality connection with us, but we can all choose to start one.”可知，人們應(yīng)該主動開始/提出/嘗試 (start/offer/try/attempt) 建立高質(zhì)量的社會紐帶。